khoi vus talk
TRANSCRIPT
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ABB@
CMU1
Khoi Vu
ABB Corporate Research
Raleigh, North Carolina
Steps toward a
wide-areaprotection system
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Agenda
ABB?
Wide-area control/protection systems Philosophies
Wide-area systems Field deployment and theNorwegian experience
The missing link
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Facts about ABB
Headquarters: Zurich,Switzerland
About 103,000 employees inaround 100 countries
Revenues : $20+/- billion
Listed on stock exchanges inZurich/London, Stockholm,Frankfurt and New York
A leading power and automation
technology company with strongmarket positions in its core
businesses
Two divisions: Power Technologies,
Automation Technologies
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R&D investment: $ 907 million in 2004
100
Order-related
development
Productdevelopment
Research
317
490
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R&D priorities
Create more value through
technology
Be responsive to external
world
Build partnerships with
customers and universities
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Universities: partnership for technical excellence
Massachusetts Institute of Technology U.S. Carnegie Mellon University U.S.
Stanford University U.S.
Cambridge University U.K. Imperial College U.K.
Federal Institute of Technology CH
Chalmers University SE Royal Institute of Technology SE
RWTH Aachen DE
Technical University Berlin DE Karlsruhe University DE
Tsing Hua University CN
and more than 50 other partners
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Research close to customers and universities
Raleigh U.S.
Wickliffe U.S.
Vsteras SE
Baden CH
Ladenburg DE
Krakow PL
Oslo NO
Vaasa FI
Beijing CN
Shanghai CN
Bangalore IN
Global labs for power and automation technologies
600 people in 11 Research Centers
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Current research programs
Power device technology
Power transmission and distribution applications
Power electronics
Mechatronics and robotics application
Control and optimization Automation networks and devices
Software architecture and processes
Advanced material
Manufacturing technologies
Securing and developing ABBs core competence
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Wide-area control/protection systems -
Philosophies
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Electrical Network and Automation
Power
Grid
InformationNetwork
Regional
Physical Power GridGeneration Plants
SubstationsLoads (Customers)
CommunicationControl of:
Generation Plants - generators
Substations - devices
Loads - customers
Regional
Global
Local Co-ordination
Data and control
Smart use of local measured quantities
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Technology Solution: G vs. L
GLOBAL solution LOCAL solution MIXed solution
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PsGuardTM - global solution for monitoring, control and protection
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VIP (Voltage Instability Predictor) example of local solution
Circle of
radius |ZNET |
Zapp
Maximal power transfer
|ZNET| = |Zapp|
Algorithm tracks system strengthAlgorithm tracks system strength
based on local V & Ibased on local V & I
ZNET
V
Zapp
Source NetworkLoad / Sink
IENET
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The Norwegian Intellectric Project (NiP)
An example of field deployment
Energy Research
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Nordic grid and Norway
5 Nordic TSOs in close
collaboration.
Deregulated market
since 1991.
Norway:
TSO = Statnett
Hydropower ~ 100%
Hasle as the most
critical bottleneck for
energy transfer
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RD
SIMA
AURLAND
SYLLING
FROGNER
SKOGSSTER
BORGVIK
HASLE
KVILLDAL
SAURDALHOLEN
HALDEN
TEGNEBY
FOLLO
RINGERIKE
NORE 1DAL
DAGALIUSTA
HOL
TVEITEN
generation
substation
substation (no load)
OSLO
420-kV grid
FLESAKER
FLESAKER
corridor
HALLINGDAL
corridor
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Issues pondered by Statnett
19xx-1999: New grid asset or new information system?
2000: launched the Norwegian Intellectric Project.
12/2000: installed 3 PMUs and 1 VIP.
2000-2003: data analysis, field tests; also, wide-area monitoring.
Confidence in VIP grew.
2004: first commercial order of VIP for an industrial site in Western
Norway; VIP box is linked to SCADA and load shedding.
2005+: New R&D project to deploy more IEDs; bring in other TSOs.
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General VIP/PMU terminal
Applications: PMU & VIP Active & Reactive Power
Stability Indices
Trip Signals
Control Signals
Applications: PMU & VIP
Active & Reactive Power
Stability Indices
Trip Signals
Control Signals
PMU
Measurement of Voltages & CurrentsPhasors
Synchronized with GPS with one or
several PMUs Two PMUs may calculate the Phasor
differences between bus bars where thePMU are sited
PMU
Measurement of Voltages & CurrentsPhasors
Synchronized with GPS with one orseveral PMUs
Two PMUs may calculate the Phasordifferences between bus bars where thePMU are sited
VIP
Measurement of Voltages & Currents
Calculates Stability Indices and PowerTransfer Margin
VIP
Measurement of Voltages & Currents
Calculates Stability Indices and PowerTransfer Margin
GPS synch.
PsGuard
EC
To other SPT
Current & Voltage
Measurements
OutputSignals
SPTStandard Protection Terminal
ABB
VIP or PMU
functionality
SPT Standard Protection TerminalSPT Standard Protection Terminal
SCADA
Data Communication
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Performance verification of VIP (1)
SKOGSSTER
BORGVIK
HASLE
HALDEN
OSLO
REAL-LIFE TEST:
Date: Jan-18-2002, ~noon.
Transfer of 1300MW to Swedenthrough the Hasle corridor.
Line Tegneby-Hasle was
disconnected at 1210 and
reconnected at 1220. Issue: how did the VIP box
respond?
Hasle 420kVTo Tegneby
To Rd
SwedenNorway
PMU+VIP
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Performance verification (2)
This was how theVIP box
responded.
Yeah but how canone be sure that thevalues were correct?
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Seconds
Ohms
Line
disconnected
Line
reconnected
zApp
zNET
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Performance verification (3)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Seconds
Ohm
ZApp
ZNET
595 597 599 601 603 605 607 609 611 613 615
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Line
disconnected
zApp
zNET
Network Simulation by SINTEF andStatnett (after-the-fact)
Response from the VIP box (during the event)
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The missing link in wide-area systems
Building the last 10 meters
Power
Grid
InformationNetwork
Regional
Regional
Global
Local
Power
Grid
InformationNetwork
Regional
Regional
Global
Local
Power
Grid
InformationNetwork
InformationNetwork
RegionalRegional
RegionalRegional
GlobalGlobal
LocalLocal
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Load Shedding vs. Load Rationing
Load shedding is a veryeconomical and effective control.
But how is it done today?
Would it be nice if one can do load rationinginstead of load shedding?
If each customer cuts back kWH by 10%, theburden on the substation is reduced by ~10%.
10% is approximately 1 light bulb per customer.
DistributionSubstation
Primary
DistributionFeeders
Residential
Consumers
DG
DG
SecondarySubstation
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Enabling technology for the last 10 meters
PLC
230VAC
Switches
RF
Enfo telecom system
Buy @ 0.35NOK/kWH
Buy @ 0.55NOK/kWH
Buy @ 0.80NOK/kWH
Normal operation, user control; 99.999% of the time Features and functionality
Value for user
Emergency operation; 0.001% of the time Features and functionality,including response time
Value for Utility