volume is the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies. mass is a measure of the amount...
TRANSCRIPT
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Matter and ItsProperties
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Volume is the amount of three dimensional spacean object occupies.
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
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Basic Building Blocks of Matter
An atom is the smallest unit of an element thatmaintains the chemical identity of that element.
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom.
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A compound is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.
Example: NaCl (Table Salt)
Sugar
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Properties and Changes in Matter
Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter that is present.• volume•mass• the amount of energy in a substance
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Intensive properties do not depend on the amountof matter present.•melting point• boiling point• density• ability to conduct electricity• ability to transfer energy as heat
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Physical Properties and Changes
A physical property is a characteristic that can beobserved or measured without changing the identity of the substance.•melting point and boiling point
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A physical change is a change in a substance thatdoes not involve a change in the identity of thesubstance.• grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling
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A change of state is a physical change of a substance from one state to another.• states of matter – solid state, liquid state, gas state, plasma
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In the solid state, matter has definite volume anddefinite shape.
Particle MovementExamples
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In the liquid state, matter has a definite volumebut an indefinite shape.
Particle Movement
Examples
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In the gas state, matter has neither definite volumenor definite shape.
Particle Movement
Examples
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Plasma is a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons,particles which make up atoms.Matter enters the plasma state when it is heated to such a high temperature that some of the atoms begin to break apart.
The negatively chargedelectrons (yellow) arefreely streaming through the positivelycharged ions (blue).
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Plasma Examples
Plasma can be found in stars, fluorescentlight bulbs, Cathode ray tubes, neon signs, and lightening.
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Chemical Properties and ChangesA chemical property relates to a substance’s abilityto undergo changes that transform it into differentsubstances.
For example, the ability of charcoal (carbon) toburn in air is a chemical property.
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A change in which one or more substances areconverted into different substances is called a chemical change or chemical reaction.
The fireworksdisplay at right is an example of a reaction that releasesheat and light.
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The reactants are the substances that react in achemical change.The products are the substances that are formedby the chemical change.
example: The following chemical equation shows that the reactant ammonium dichromate yields the products nitrogen, chromium(III) oxide, and water.
)g(OH4)s(OCr)g(N)s(OCr)(NH 23227224
Reactant Products
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Classification of MatterA mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identityand properties.
•mixed together physically• can usually be separated
Would the pizza be amixture?
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Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions.• uniform in composition (salt-water solution).
Soft drinks in sealed bottles are examples of homogeneous mixtures.
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Heterogeneous mixtures• not uniform throughout (clay-water solution)
Pizza is an example ofa heterogeneous mixture.
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Pure SubstancesA pure substance has a fixed composition.Pure substances are either compounds or elements.
Compound Element
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A pure substance differs from a mixture in the following ways:
• Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties.
• Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition.
•Water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen by mass.
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Classification of Matter