vol. 45, no. 1 april 2001 - vos.woc.noaa.gov

Vol. 45, No. 1 April 2001

Mariners Weather Log

A Fresh Breeze in the West Wind Belt

In: �The South Pole�, by Roald Amundsen, 1872-1928

From Treasures of the NOAA Library Collection

Archival Photograph by Mr. Steve Nicklas, NOS, NGS

2 Mariners Weather Log

From the National Data BuoyCenter



U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Donald L. Evans, Secretary

National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration

Scott B. Gudes, Administrator (Acting)

National Weather Service

John J. Kelly, Jr.,

Assistant Administrator for Weather Services

Editorial Supervisor

Robert A. Luke

Editor

Mary Ann Burke

Articles, photographs, and letters should be sent to:

Mr. Robert A. Luke, Editorial SupervisorMariners Weather LogNDBC (W/Ops 52)Bldg 1100, Room 353DStennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000

Phone: (228) 688-1457Fax: (228) 668-3153E-mail: [email protected]

Some Important Web Page Addresses

NOAA http://www.noaa.govNational Weather Service http://www.nws.noaa.govNational Data Buoy Center http://www.ndbc.noaa.govAMVER Program http://www.amver.comVOS Program http://www.vos.noaa.govSEAS Program http://seas.nos.noaa.gov/seas/Mariners Weather Log http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/

mwl/mwl.htmMarine Dissemination http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/

marine/home.htmU.S. Coast Guard http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/ Navigation Center marcomms/

See these web pages for further links.

As Marty Baron announced last issue, the MarinersWeather Log is now under our purview. I want allreaders to know that we take this responsibilityseriously and know that we have a tough act tofollow. Marty produced a valuable, high qualitydocument and we aim to keep it that way.

NDBC picked up production of the MWL when webegan managing the NWS Voluntary Observing Ship(VOS) Program. For more than 25 years, we haveoperated NOAA’s Marine Observation Network ofbuoys and coastal stations and are excited about nowintegrating the VOS Program into our operations. Weare convinced that this will increase our opportunityto provide the nation with more observations of highquality than ever before, and thus, allow the NWS toissue more accurate and timely warnings and fore-casts.

My staff and I are always at your service. Please letus know if we can do anything to help you. And byall means, keep those manuscripts, photographs, andother materials coming. Without you there is noMWL!

Paul F. Moersdorf, Ph.D.Directorh

April 2001 3


Table of Contents

International Ice Patrol.................................................................................................................... 4

San Patrick: Lost Among the Aleutians ....................................................................................... 9

Downloading National Weather Service Charts Using Globalstar™ Satellite Communications and SeaStation 2000 ....................................................................................... 10

Departments:

National Imagery and Mapping Agency ............................................................................................................ 12

Marine Weather ReviewTechnical Terms ................................................................................................................................... 13North Atlantic, September–December 2000 ........................................................................................14North Pacific, September–December 2000 .........................................................................................31Tropical Atlantic and Tropical East Pacific, September–December 2000 .......................................... 44Climate Prediction Center ................................................................................................................... 62

Coastal Forecast Office News............................................................................................................................ 64

VOS Program .................................................................................................................................................... 68

VOS Cooperative Ship Reports ......................................................................................................................... 75

Meteorological ServicesObservations......................................................................................................................................... 86Forecasts............................................................................................................................................... 89


International Ice Patrol

Continued on Page 5

R.M.S. Titanic left on hermaiden voyage from theport of Southampton,

England, en route for New YorkCity with the fame of being theunsinkable ship. On the night ofApril 14, 1912, the Titanic struckan iceberg just south of the GrandBanks of Newfoundland andwithin two and a half-hours shesank, taking the lives of over1,500 passengers and crew. Thisdevastating accident generated apublic outcry demanding safepassage across the North AtlanticOcean. However, this was not theonly tragedy that had occurred inthis region. Between 1880 and1890, 40 vessels were seriouslydamaged and 14 were lost due toice. The need for safe passagethrough these ice-infested waterswas immediately addressed bymany maritime nations and as a


MST3 Rachel KenwardLt. Chris Strong

result, the precursor of the Interna-tional Ice Patrol was established.For the remainder of 1912, theU.S. Navy sent cruisers to serve assentry on the Grand Banks ofNewfoundland, but the Navycouldn’t spare the ships to performthis mission for long. Therefore,in 1913 the Revenue CutterService (now the U.S. CoastGuard) assumed the patrol.

The Titanic disaster spurred manymaritime nations to examine thesafety of their vessels on the openocean. The first internationalconference on the safety of vesselat sea was convened in London,England, on November 12, 1913,during which the subject ofpatrolling the ice regions wasthoroughly discussed. On Jan-uary 30, 1914, the delegatessigned an international convention

called the Safety of Life at Sea(SOLAS), but it would not go intoeffect until July 1, 1915. Amongthe many maritime issues ad-dressed in SOLAS is patrolling thevicinity of the Grand Banks andinforming passing vessels of theextent of iceberg danger. To dealwith this specific issue, SOLASmandated the creation of theInternational Ice Patrol. Thedecree dictates that the U.S.Government perform the opera-tional duties of the InternationalIce Patrol with funding from theinternational signatories. With theTitanic incident still very fresh ineveryone’s minds, there was someconcern that waiting until July1915 would not be sufficient.Therefore, on January 31, 1914,the government of Great Britain,on behalf of the several nations

April 2001 5


International Ice PatrolContinued from Page 4

Continued on Page 6Large non-tabular iceberg as seen from a vessel.

interested, made inquiry as towhether the United States wouldundertake the patrol at once underthe provisions stipulated in theconvention. The proposition wasfavorably considered by PresidentWilson and on February 7, 1914,he directed that the (then) Rev-enue Cutter Service begin theInternational Ice Observation andIce Patrol Service as soon aspossible. Since then, the U.S.Coast Guard (Revenue CutterService) has conducted the patroleach year, with the exception of abrief period during World War II.

The region known as the GrandBanks of Newfoundland is ofparticular interest for severalreasons. First, the great circleroute, the shortest distance be-tween two ports, connecting theU.S and Canada with Europecrosses right through this area(Figure 1). This means that thereis a high volume of merchant

vessels that need to cross thistreacherous region. Second, theGrand Banks are home to veryproductive fishing grounds, whichmakes it especially attractive tocommercial fisherman, which onlyserves to compound the hightraffic density. Finally, the adverseenvironmental conditions (highwinds, rough seas, and dense fog)makes this locale even moredangerous.

Probably the most importantenvironmental factor to consider isthe dense fog that often occurs onand near the Grand Banks. Thisoccurs when the southern flow ofthe Labrador Current joins thewarm Gulf Stream waters at thetail of the Banks. As warm windsflow over the Gulf Stream andthen over the cold LabradorCurrent, an advective fog formswhich can last for many days. Thisdense blanket of fog severelylimits visibility and restricts avessel’s ability to maneuver.Furthermore, the upper level jetstream frequently flows right over

this region. As a result, (mid-latitude) low-pressure systemsoften move through, bringingsevere weather with high windsand seas.

The oceanographic structures inthis region also contribute to thedanger around the Grand Banks ofNewfoundland. The principalcontributors to this are the Labra-dor Current and the bathymetry.The Labrador Current is the mainocean current responsible fortransporting icebergs into thisregion. It is a relatively fast-moving current that stays coldenough to carry icebergs all theway from the Labrador Sea andBaffin Bay to southern temperatewaters. In fact, the Titanic sank atthe latitude of Providence, RhodeIsland. The bathymetry is alsoresponsible for the transport oficebergs, but it has more impacton where the icebergs flow ratherthan how fast. Due to the fact thatthe majority of an iceberg’s masslies below the water, its track isgreatly governed by the sub-surface currents. The depths ofthese currents, like the Labrador,often dictate that they follow the1,000 meter curve. The result ofthis is that icebergs commonlytrack through the gap between theGrand Banks and the Flemish Cap,affectionately termed “icebergalley.”

Due to the constant dangers in thisarea, the International Ice Patrol(IIP), operating out of Groton,Connecticut, maintains an evervigilant watch over the NorthAtlantic and reports the Limit of




TITANIC

International Ice Patrol Mission : Promote safe navi gation in theNorthwest Atlantic Ocean when dan ger of iceber g collision exits.

All Known Ice (LAKI) for theGrand Banks of Newfoundlandand the surrounding area. Seasonalpatrol dates have remained largelyunchanged from year to year.Reconnaissance usually begins inlate February and continuesthrough July, but the exact datesvary from year to year as dictatedby the distribution of icebergs.The longest season on record wasin 1992, which lasted fromFebruary 7th to September 26th,for a total of 203 days. Con-versely, in 1999 the season never

Figure 1. Great circle routes from Europe to North America.

opened due to the fact that mosticebergs were pushed west ratherthan south. Except during extremeyears, the Grand Banks aregenerally clear of ice from Augustto February, with the exception ofa few stray icebergs.

Today the International Ice Patroluses HC-130H Hercules aircraft,which can cover over 2,000nautical miles and fly for morethan 12 hours. However, theInternational Ice Patrol typicallyflies five- to seven-hour patrols.They use planes out of ElizabethCity, North Carolina, that are

equipped with forward and sidelooking airborne radar for icebergdetection. Each flight covers anaverage of 30,000 square miles ofocean. Visual observations areconducted when conditions allow,but due to low cloud ceilings andthe dense fog described earlier,good visibility conditions onlyexist about 30% of the time.During the ice season, IIP’sreconnaissance detachmentsdeploy to St. John’s, Newfound-land, every other week andcomplete about five patrols over anine-day period. As explained

Continued on Page 7

April 2001 7


Continued on Page 8

earlier, the patrol was initiallyconducted using Coast Guardcutters, but this method of opera-tion proved very expensive andtime-consuming. After World WarII the Coast Guard began usingaircraft to fly reconnaissance.

How to Report Icebergs

Due to the high number of vesselsthat transit through this region, theIce Patrol encourages commercialvessels to immediately report icesightings to COMINTICEPATGROTON CT throughINMARSAT-A or C, using Code42; to U. S. Coast Guard Commu-nication stations; or to CanadianCoast Guard marine radio stations.Even when no ice is sighted,regular weather and sea surfacetemperature reports providevaluable information. Commercialvessels are an important source oficeberg information. During the2000 ice season, 257 ships sentthe IIP 1,415 reports, 79.1% of allreports received. Of all the re-


Large tabular iceberg as seen from aircraft.

ports, 444 contained informationconcerning icebergs, accountingfor 60.7% of all iceberg reports.Additionally, this population alsoprovided the Ice Patrol withinformation on 28.9% of theicebergs that were used to set theLimit of All Known Ice.

Sightings may be reported onguarded frequencies as listed inthe annual Announcement ofServices.

Copies of the annual Announce-ment of Services are availablethrough several methods:

1. World Wide Web:www.uscg.mil/lantarea/iip/data/ann_ser.html

2. E-mail request to:[email protected]

3. Mail request to:Commander, International Ice Patrol1082 Shennecossett RoadGroton, CT 06340-6095

Attention: Ice Information Officer

4. Phone request to:(860) 441-2626

What to Include in an IceReport

When reporting icebergs, certaininformation should be included:

Ship’s name and call signDate/Time (UTC) ice was sightedIceberg position (latitude, longi-tude)Method of observation (radar,visual, both)Number of icebergsSize and shape (Tables 1 and 2)

Ice data is constantly analyzed atthe International Ice Patrol opera-tions center in Groton, Connecti-cut, and added to a computermodel. This model incorporatesenvironmental factors such aswinds, waves, currents, and seasurface temperatures with iceberg

Table 1. Sizing Guidelines

Table 2. Shape Guidelines




reports to predict drift and deterio-ration. The processed informationfrom the model is used to estimatethe Limit of All Known Ice every12 hours. The LAKI, sea ice limit,and an area of many bergs arebroadcast in two daily text bulle-tins and a graphic fax chart. Thebroadcast times and frequenciesare available in the annual An-nouncement of Services. They arealso posted daily in the Productssection of the IIP webpage at:www.uscg.mil/lantarea/iip/home.html.

The Ice Patrol

The crew of 16 ice observers or“Ice Picks” from Groton, Con-necticut, includes a civilianoceanographer and computerspecialist, four officers, oneyeoman, and nine marine sciencetechnicians. The Ice Picks workclosely with expert aviationtechnicians and aircrew fromCoast Guard Air Station ElizabethCity, North Carolina. The smallcrew of the International Ice Patrolis dedicated to serving the NorthAtlantic mariner and protectingseafarers of all nations from thedangers of icebergs. Since the U.S.

Coast Guard began monitoring iceconditions in 1913, they haveamassed an enviable safety record:There have been no reportedlosses of life or property forvessels that have heeded publishedwarnings.

The International Ice Patrol isgrateful to all mariners who havecontributed to this record andhopes to have your support in thefuture. Should you have anyquestions or comments, pleasecontact the International Ice Patrolby e-mail through the World WideWeb or call: (860) 441-2626.h

Sample fax chart of ice limits.

April 2001 9

High Seas Wrecks

During World War II theUnited States MaritimeCommission (USMC)

ordered the construction of closeto 500 T-2 tankers to help carrythe vital fuel supplies to the warfronts and to maintain the ships atsea. When peace was achieved,many of the vessels were surplusand sold to private interests bothat home and abroad.

The tanker White Bird Canyonwas built at Mobile in 1944 by theAlabama Shipbuilding andDrydock Company. The 10,172gross ton tanker was managed bythe American Petroleum TransportCo. during the war, but reverted tothe USMC in September 1946.

The European allies had lost manyships from their merchant fleetsand did not have the capacity toreplace them quickly. The U.S.government, now with excesstonnage, made freighters andtankers available to their partnersand White Bird Canyon was soldto the Government of France in1948. Renamed Gonfreville, theship joined Cia Navale des

San Patrick: Lost Among the Aleutians

Skip GillhamVineland, Ontario, Canada

Petroles ayear later andserved themuntil 1962.

In the 1960s,with largenew tankersbeing deliv-ered, manyT-2s were sold for scrap. This shipwon a reprieve and passed to theVictor Shipping Co. for registry inLiberia as Good Hope. The vesselnow operated in the tramp tradeand is shown in a photo by GeorgeAyoub at the Iroquois Lock of theSt. Lawrence Seaway during oneof three trips to the Great Lakes in1962.

In 1964 the 20-year-old hull wassent to Kobe, Japan, and rebuilt byMitsubishi as a dry bulk carrier. Itreturned to work as the Liberianflag San Patrick.

After loading wheat and cattlefeed at Vancouver, the vesselencountered severe weather enroute to Yokohama, Japan, late in1964. On December 17, during ablinding blizzard, San Patrick

stranded on Ulak Island in theAleutian chain off Alaska.

Hurricane force winds smashedthe ship and three SOS messageswere dispatched. A Japanesevessel in the vicinity heard thedistress calls, but could not locatethe ship.

When the atrocious conditionssubsided, U.S. Navy planessearched the region, but theremains of San Patrick were notlocated for three days. By then thehull was severely damaged and allof the crew of 30 had perished.Apparently, only one body wasever recovered.

Skip Gillham is the author of 22books, most related to Great Lakesships and shipping.h

The Good Hope in August 1962 at the Iroquois Lock ofthe St. Lawrence Seaway. Photograph by George Ayoub.


Globalstar/SeaStation 2000

Continued on Page 11

Although specifically listed above,DOC/NOAA/NWS does notofficially condone or endorce theuse of these products. This articlewas written as informational innature and should be used assuch.

Obtaining weather charts atsea, until recently, hasbeen accomplished via

single side band weatherfaxbroadcast. Now, with reliablesatellite communications systemsseeing widespread use, there areeconomical methods to capturecharts at sea using this technologyas well as weatherfax.

One of the best combinations ofhardware and software systems interms of both cost and ease of useis the combination of theGlobalstar™ (www.globalstarusa.com) Communications System,which uses 48 low-Earth-orbit

Downloading National Weather Service Charts Using Globalstar�Satellite Communications and SeaStation 2000

Captain Michael W. CarrFaculty, Maritime Institute of Technology & Graduate [email protected]

satellites to provide voice as wellas data transfers at 9600 baud, andSeaStation 2000 software(www.ocens.com).

Using a Globalstar handheldphone not much larger than a cellphone, a connection can be madeto the Internet where all NationalWeather Service (NWS) charts arenow posted as soon as each chartis completed. Unlike weatherfaxbroadcasts where charts are onlyavailable at a specific broadcasttime, charts on the Internet residein their designated file locationuntil the next updated chart isprepared. Charts are alwaysavailable, and the most recentproducts, whether chart or text,are so noted.

SeaStation 2000 contains adatabase of all NWS charts, listedby geographical area, forecastarea, and World Meteorological

Organization file code. When adesired chart or multiple charts areselected in the SeaStation 2000directory, those products aredownloaded either one by oneusing standard Internet “http”selection, or as a group using “ftp”batch download. Batch downloadsends all selected charts to yourcomputer, one right after another,without having to manually selecteach product.

Using “ftp” batch download is themost efficient and economicalmethod of obtaining updatedcharts since you build a menu ofdesired charts within theSeaStation system prior to loggingon to Globalstar. Once logged onand with SeaStation 2000 softwareup and running, you simply clickon “download” and SeaStationgoes out to the Internet viaGlobalstar and grabs each selected

April 2001 11

Downloading ChartsContinued from Page 10

Globalstar/SeaStation 2000

chart, downloading them directlyinto the SeaStation 2000 directorywhere they are labeled by chartname and date-time group.

Download time per chart averages45 seconds, so a batch downloadincluding, for example, SurfaceAnalysis, 500-mb analysis, SeaState, wave period, as well as 48-and 96-hour forecasts, takesapproximately five minutes.Globalstar rates are $1.50 perminute, so five minutes of air timetotals around $7.50, a very eco-nomical method of obtainingcrucial weather charts exactlywhen you need them and as oftenas you need them.

Does this system truly work atsea? Yes, it does. I recently hadthe opportunity to test Globalstarand SeaStation 2000 on a ten-dayvoyage through the westernCaribbean. Not only did I effort-lessly download charts, but I alsosent and received e-mail viawww.hotmail.com, as well asmade voice calls back to the USA.

An added benefit to downloadingcharts via GlobalStar andSeaStation is that, once received,charts can be geo-referenced and aship’s position automaticallydisplayed on the charts using GPSinput. This capability allows aweather chart to be converted intoa navigational tool, where dis-tances to weather systems as wellas heavy weather avoidancedeterminations are easily com-puted. Charts can be displayed

tiled alongside one another or withsatellite images, increasing theiruse tremendously.

On my recent voyage, I used aPanasonic Toughbook laptopcomputer, Globalstar GSP-1600portable phone, SeaStation 2000software, and Garmin handheldGPS to capture and geo-referencecharts. Since I was not tied toweatherfax broadcast schedules, Idownloaded charts from both theTropical Prediction Center (TPC)and Marine Prediction Center(MPC) when I needed to.

Each day I modified the “ftp batchdownload” menu to suit my needs,obtaining additional sea statecharts when the weather wasrough, and more 500-mb chartswhen I became aware of approach-ing cold fronts. This tailoring ofchart downloads allowed me toobtain exactly the charts I neededfor a particular situation. UsingGPS input, I geo-referenced chartswithin minutes of receiving the

data and gained a solid under-standing of the analyzed andforecasted weather in our opera-tional area.

Globalstar and SeaStation 2000now provide mariners with a newand efficient means of obtainingcritical MPC and TPC charts.During hurricane season, thiscapability is invaluable since itpermits instant access to tropicaladvisories, necessary for determin-ing areas to avoid based upon the1-2-3 rule and a 34 knot windradius.

And though weatherfax is a triedand true method or receivingcharts at sea, the flexibility,convenience, and speed of down-loading charts via Globalstar andSeaStation 2000 should be em-braced. It is a powerful tool formariners to use in obtaining up-to-the-minute weather data, which iscritical to making proper routingdecisions.h

Sample satellite imagery from SeaStation 2000 software.


National Imagery and Mapping Agency

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASERelease Number PA-001-04January 31, 2001Media Contact:Jennifer Lafley/301-227-3089Joan Mears/301-227-2057

Bethesda, MD—The NationalImagery and Mapping Agency(NIMA) proudly announces thestand-up of the Maritime SafetyInformation Center. The Center isresponsible for all of NIMA’smaritime safety and hydrographic

activities. Establishment of theCenter drives to the core value ofend-to-end accountability, thusguaranteeing NIMA customers the“navigation information edge.”Electronic access to data files isprovided at http://pollux.nss.nima.mil.

The Maritime Safety InformationCenter’s mission is to collect,evaluate, and compile worldwidemarine navigation products anddatabases. The mission includes

support to the U.S. worldwideportfolio of NIMA and NOAAnautical charts, Digital NauticalChart (DNC) production andmaintenance hardcopy, and digitalpublications such as Notice toMariners, Sailing Directions,NIMA List of Lights, U.S. CoastGuard Light Lists, AmericanPractical Navigator (Bowditch),and other navigation sciencepublications. The Center is thecoordinator for the WorldwideNavigational Warning Service’sNAVAREA IV and NAVAREAXII safety messages, an essentialpart of the Global MaritimeDistress and Safety System.

Steven C. Hall, chief, and RoySoluri, deputy chief, will managethe new organization.

NIMA is a Department of Defensecombat support agency and amember of the IntelligenceCommunity providing imagery,imagery intelligence, andgeospatial information in supportof national objectives. Headquar-tered in Bethesda, Maryland,NIMA operates major facilities innorthern Virginia, Washington,D.C., and St. Louis, Missouri.h

NIMA Announces Stand-up of Maritime SafetyInformation Center

NIMA headquarters, Bethesda, Maryland.

April 2001 13

Marine Weather Review

Blocking High Pressure: Usually a well developed, stationary or slow moving area of high pressure whichcan act to deflect or obstruct other weather systems. The motion of other weather systems can be impeded,stopped completely, or forced to split around the blocking High Pressure Area.

Closed Low: A low which has developed a closed circulation with one or more isobars encircling the low.This is a sign that the low is strengthening.

Closed off Surface Circulation: Similar to a closed low. Refers to a surface low with one or more closedisobars. When there are falling pressures, the low is considered to be strengthening.

Cutoff Low : A closed low or trough which has become detached from the prevailing flow it had previouslybeen connected to (becoming cutoff from it).

Digging Short Wave: Upper air short waves and waves of longer wavelength (long waves) interact with oneanother and have a major impact on weather systems. Short waves tend to move more rapidly than longerwaves. A digging short wave is one that is moving into a slower moving long wave. This often results in adeveloping or strengthening low pressure or storm system.

Frontal Low Pressure Wave: Refers to an area of low pressure which has formed along a front.

Isobars: Lines drawn on a surface weather map connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure.

Short Wave Trough: Specifies a moving low or front as seen in upper air (constant pressure) weather charts.They are recognized by characteristic short wavelength (hence short wave) and wavelike bends or kinks in theconstant pressure lines of the upper air chart.

Tropical Wave or Depression: An area of low pressure that originates over the tropical ocean and may bethe early stage of a hurricane. Often marked by thunderstorm or convective cloud activity. Winds up to 33knots.

Trough: An area of low pressure in which the isobars are elongated instead of circular. Inclement weatheroften occurs in a trough.

Wind Shear: Refers to sharp changes in wind speed and/or direction over short distances, either vertically orhorizontally. It is a major hazard to aviation. Wind shear above tropical depressions or storms will impedetheir development into hurricanes.h

Some Technical Terms Used in This Month�s Marine WeatherReviews




Marine Weather ReviewNorth Atlantic Area�September through December 2000

George P. BancroftMeteorologistMarine Prediction Center

Tropical Activity

The months of September andOctober were quite active, withseven tropical cyclones or formertropical cyclones affecting MCP’smarine area north of 31N.

September began with highpressure covering the area south of45N. Tropical Storm Florenceformed on the southern boundaryof MPC’s area near 31N 72W at1200 UTC September 11 anddrifted southwest. Trapped by thehigh-pressure ridge to the north,Florence became nearly stationaryfor four days near 30N 73W. Afterbecoming a hurricane for the 24-hour period ending at 1800 UTCSeptember 13 with maximumsustained winds of 65 kt withgusts to 80 kt, Florence weakenedjust south of the area beforeaccelerating to the northeast aheadof an approaching cold front onthe 15th. Florence then re-intensi-fied to a hurricane, attainingmaximum strength at 1800 UTCSeptember 16 near 36N 61.7W(Figure 1) with maximum sus-tained winds of 70 kt with gusts to85 kt. Six hours later, the Global

Mariner (call sign WWXA)encountered southeast winds of 50kt near 40N 58W. Florence thenpassed near Cape Race as atropical storm at 1800 UTCSeptember 17 before weakening toan extratropical gale northeast ofNewfoundland six hours later.

Tropical Storms Gordon andHelene moved onshore over

northern Florida about four daysapart. Gordon weakened into anextratropical low on the Georgiacoast at 1800 UTC September 18before moving up the coast andbecoming absorbed into a stronginland low-pressure system on the22nd. Unlike, Gordon, the extrat-ropical remains of Helene re-intensified into a storm after

April 2001 15


Figure 1. MPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis chart (Part 2) valid 1800 UTC September 16, 2000.



moving off the North Carolinacoast on the 23rd. In the 12-hourperiod ending at 0600 UTCSeptember 25, ex-Helene deep-ened from 1003 mb to 992 mb tobecome the storm shown in Figure2 near 41N 62W. There was areport from a racing sailboat ofsouthwest winds as high at 77 ktand 35 ft (10.7 m) seas in thisstorm on September 25 shortlyafter 1200 UTC (see reference).This report was much higher thanthe 50-kt south-southwest windsreported by the two ships south-east of the center, the KoelnExpress (9VBL) and the GlobalMariner (WWXA) (Figure 2).See page 52 for information on thethe Koeln Express’ first encoun-ter with Helene in the Gulf ofMexico on September 20. Figure 3is a GOES8 infrared satelliteimage of the storm taken aboutfive hours later, showing a systemwith both tropical (circular denseovercast south of Newfoundland)and frontal characteristics. Thissystem later became a 970-mbstorm southeast of Greenland twodays later before turning easttoward Great Britain and weaken-ing.

Hurricane Isaac moved northeastand entered MPC’s waters near31N 56W with maximum sus-tained winds of 100 kt with guststo 130 kt at 1200 UTC September29. Figure 2 shows Isaac aboutfour days earlier, near the edge ofthe chart. Isaac then weakened to aminimal hurricane (65 kt sustainedwinds) at 38N 50W before merg-ing with a nearby frontal zone and

becoming the compact extratropi-cal storm shown in Figure 4 near45N 34W. The system then movednortheast past Great Britain as agale by October 4.

Tropical Storm Leslie developedjust south of the MPC waters near30.4N 76.7W at 1200 UTCOctober 5 and drifted east-northeast, but weakened to atropical depression upon enteringMPC’s offshore waters 30 hourslater. Leslie was then sweptnortheast by an approaching coldfront and then merged with thefront off the East Coast on the 7th.The remains of Leslie later re-intensified as a storm just south ofGreat Britain with 967 mb centralpressure by 0000 UTC October11, with 40 to 50 kt winds re-ported south of the center over theBay of Biscay.

Tropical Storm Michael developednear 30N 71W, just south of thearea, by 0600 UTC October 17and drifted east, intensifyingrapidly into a hurricane 12 hourslater. Figure 5 shows Michaelapproaching MPC’s waters sixhours prior to becoming a hurri-cane. Michael then acceleratednortheast with the approach of afrontal system from the northwest.Figure 6 shows Hurricane Michaelat maximum intensity withmaximum sustained winds of 85kt with gusts to 105 kt. Figure 7 isa GOES8 infrared satellite imageof Michael near maximum inten-sity, but six hours prior to becom-ing extratropical. (Note the frontalcloud band south of the center.)The TMM Mexico (3FRY9)encountered south winds of 55 ktnear 38N 61W at 1200 UTC

October 19 as Michael passed tothe west. Another vessel, theFaust (WRYX), reported south-west winds of 30 kt and 33 ft (10m) seas near 38N 60W at 1800UTC October 19. The system thenmoved northeast across the islandof Newfoundland as an extratropi-cal storm 12 hours later and thenpassed near the British Isles as agale on the 22nd. The ship VCRTencountered west winds of 60 ktand 24 ft (7.3 m) seas near CapeRace at 1800 UTC October 20after the storm passed to the north.

Also on Figure 6, Tropical De-pression #18 at 27.5N 59.5Wmoved northeast and becameTropical Storm Nadine whencrossing 31N around 1200 UTCOctober 20. Nadine merged withthe cold front to the north andbecame extratropical at 0600 UTCOctober 22 and then followed theremains of Michael to the north ofGreat Britain on the 24th. Nadinewas the last named tropicalcyclone of the season.

Other Significant Weather

The North Atlantic typicallybecomes more active with non-tropical (or extratropical) cyclonesas the fall season progresses,sometimes even with tropicalactivity still going on. That wasthe case this year, as indicated inthe events described below.

A developing storm movednortheast from Newfoundland at1200 UTC September 5 with 998mb central pressure, reaching 62N17W 48 hours later with thepressure bottoming out at 960 mb,

North Atlantic AreaContinued from Page 14


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Figure 2. MPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis chart valid 0600 UTC September 25, 2000.



Figure 3. GOES8 infrared satellite image valid at 1115 UTC September 25, 2000. Valid time is 5 hours and 15minutes later than that of Figure 2. Satellite senses temperature on a scale from warm (black) to cold (white) inthis type of image.

April 2001 19


Figure 4. MPC Part 1 North Atlantic Surface Analysis chart valid 0600 UTC October 2, 2000.

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Figure 5. MPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis chart valid 1200 UTC October 17, 2000.

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Figure 7. GOES8 infrared satellite image valid 1815 UTC October 19, 2000. Valid time is only 15 minutes laterthan that of Figure 6.

unseasonably strong for earlySeptember. At 1200 UTC Septem-ber 7, ship SLCH reported a westwind of 50 kt and 23 ft (7 m) seasnear 56N 18W. The highestreported seas were from the buoy62143 (62N 2W), with 41 ft (12.5m) reported at 1200 UTC Septem-ber 8.

In the middle of October, asHurricane Michael was develop-ing, a somewhat deeper lowdeveloped over the north-central

North Atlantic with hurricaneforce winds reported. The 958 mbstorm, shown in Figure 5 atmaximum intensity, underwentmuch of its deepening in the 24-hour period after moving northeastfrom Newfoundland, with thecentral pressure dropping 32 mb to962 mb by 1800 UTC October 16.This would therefore qualify as ameteorological “bomb.” The shipDEOT west of the center encoun-tered northwest winds of 65 kt(Figure 5). Another ship, ZCBP6,westbound south of the stormcenter, reported northwest winds

of 65 kt and 47 ft (15.4 m) seasnear 53N 43W at 1800 UTCOctober 16, then northwest windsof 55 kt and 53 ft (16.2 m) seas sixhours later near 53N 44W. Thestorm subsequently moved north-east and weakened near Iceland bythe 19th.

In late October, low pressureformed on a front down near 31N56W with a central pressure of1013 mb at 0000 UTC October 24and moved northeast, deepeningslowly over the next 48 hours to




April 2001 23


998 mb, then rapidly after 0000UTC October 26 as the systemdrew in an arctic airmass from thewest. The center deepened to 952mb by 0000 UTC near 61N 27W,a fall of 46 mb in 24 hours. Thestorm turned to the northwest andslowed, bottoming out at 946 mb(27.94 in) at 1200 UTC October27 (Figure 8), the second deepestlow in the North Atlantic in thefour-month period. The label“dangerous storm” was used at thetime to denote a storm withhurricane force winds and/or seasof 40 ft (12.2 m) or more. Now,the label “hurricane force” or“hurcn force” is used instead.There was one report of southwinds of 65 kt from the shipTXVH2 (59N 22W) at 2100 UTCOctober 26. Well to the south, theLiberty Spirit (WCPU) encoun-tered southwest winds of 55 kt and43 ft (13.1 m) seas near 52N 22Wat 1200 UTC October 27. Thislarge system left a large pool ofcold air over the North Atlantic,which strengthened a front and jetstream to the south and set thestage for the rapid development ofthe most intense storm of theperiod in both oceans.

Figure 9 shows this rapid develop-ment and movement, from a 997mb open frontal wave of lowpressure to a 944 mb storm in theNorth Sea in only 18 hours—adrop of 53 mb (1.57 in). Thestrongest winds occurred south ofthe center in the North Sea nearthe time of the second part ofFigure 9. The strongest windsreported from buoys were south-

west 95 kt from 62165 (54N 1E)and southwest 70 kt from 62414(53N 3E). The author is uncertainof the reliability of the 95-ktreport. The strongest windsreported from ships were south 66kt from the Vera Mukhina(UCMP) near 55N 4E and south65 kt from the Maersk Endeavor(XP4210) near 55N 5E at 1200UTC October 30. The highest seasreported were to the west in theopen ocean, 33 ft (10.1 m) fromthe ship MHCQ7 near 48N 18Wat 0000 UTC October 30. Figure10 is a METEOSAT7 infraredsatellite image of the storm atmaximum intensity, 942 mb(27.82 in) at 1800 UTC October30. The image reveals cold-topped(white) frontal cloud bandswrapping around the center near57N 7E, indicating the system isvery intense and of great verticalextent.

The weather pattern during muchof the period from October toDecember was marked by frequentdevelopment of lows that movedoff the East Coast. Most of thesemoved toward the British Isles,but some turned north across theCanadian Maritimes and into theLabrador Sea. Perhaps the mostsignificant of these in terms ofwinds and seas was the East Coast“bomb” of November 30 toDecember 1. Figure 11 shows thissystem deepening from 1004 mb(just south of Cape Cod) to 970mb near 42N 60W in an 18-hourperiod. It is interesting to note that20 mb of this deepening occurredin the first six hours and that thisstorm produced an 80 kt shipreport (ZCAH2 ) on the back sideof the storm near 41N 63W at


0600 UTC December 1. Thisreport is supported by QuikScatscatterometer date for 0936 UTCDecember 1 (Figure 12), takinginto account the small differencein valid time. At 1500 UTCDecember 1, the Fidelio (WQVY)near 43N 60W encountered northwinds of 65 kt. The ship ZCB06at 1800 UTC December 1 reportedseas of 45 ft (13.7 m), along withsouthwest winds of 50 kt near 41N49W. This storm subsequentlytracked east-northeast and weak-ened to a gale near Great Britainon December 6.

In December, a blocking highdeveloped by mid-month at highlatitudes, keeping most lows southof 50N. Another developing stormthat produced winds and seassimilar to those in the November30 to December 1 event, butfarther east, formed near 40N63W with 1002 mb centralpressure at 1800 UTC December 7and moved northeast. In 24 hoursit deepened 42 mb to become a960 mb storm east of Newfound-land (Figure 13). The ship ZCBF3reported a west wind of 70 kt and38 ft (11.6 m) near 51N 49W at0600 UTC December 9, which isverified by the QuikScat image inFigure 14. As a high-latitudeblocking high-pressure areadeveloped to the north during thesecond week of December, thestorm then stalled and looped tothe southeast by the 10th.

Reference

E-mail communication (through L.Chesneau, MPC, Story of aRapidly Intensifying Low).h

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Figure 9. MPC Part 1 North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts valid at 1800 UTC October 29 and 1200 UTC October 30, 2000.



Figure 10. METEOSAT7 infrared satellite image valid 1800 UTC October 30, 2000. The valid time is six hourslater than that of the second part of Figure 9 and shows the North Sea storm at maximum intensity.

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Figure 11. MPC Part 2 North Atlantic Surface Analysis charts valid 1200 UTC November 30 and 0600 UTC December 1, 2000.

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Figure 12. QuikScat scatterometer image of satellite-sensed winds around the storm shown in Figure 11. The validtime of the pass is 0936 UTC December 1, 2000, or only 3 hours and 36 minutes later than the valid time of thesecond analysis in Figure 11. Image is from NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications.


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Figure 13. MPC North Atlantic Surface Analysis chart valid at 1800 UTC December 8, 2000.


Figure 14. QuikScat scatterometer image of satellite-sensed winds around the storm in Figure 13. The valid timeof the pass is 2209 UTC December 8, 2000, or about four hours later than the valid time of Figure 13. Note the 80kt wind barb near 50N 50W. Image is from NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications.


April 2001 31


Marine Weather ReviewNorth Pacific Area�September through December 2000

George P. BancroftMeteorologistMarine Prediction Center


Tropical Activity

The tropics in the western NorthPacific were active, with many ofthe storms staying south and westof the MPC’s surface-analysischart area. Two typhoons didrecurve northeast to appear onMPC’s North Pacific surfaceanalysis.

The first, Typhoon Sonamu,moved north into the MPC chart

area south of Japan on September16 with maximum sustained windsof 75 kt with gusts to 90 kt.Sonamu became an extratropicalstorm over the southern KurileIslands early on September 18,before moving into the westernBering Sea as a complex galecenter by the 19th. The remains ofSonamu then moved into north-western Alaska on September 22.

Typhoon Shanshan

The second typhoon, Shanshan,tracked farther east and actuallymoved into the MPC high seasarea north of 30N and east of160E, crossing 30N near 168E at1200 UTC September 23 withmaximum sustained winds of 90kt with gusts to 110 kt. Shanshanweakened to a tropical storm near



North Pacific AreaContinued from Page 31

35N 174E by 0600 UTC Septem-ber 24. Unlike Sonamu, Shanshaninteracted with a low-pressuresystem and polar front to thenorthwest and explosively deep-ened into an intense extratropicalstorm. The central pressure of thelow-pressure center to the north ofShanshan fell from 993 mb to 950mb in only 18 hours as it mergedwith Shanshan, a drop of 43 mb(1.27 in). Figure 1 depicts thisdramatic development over onlyan 18-hour period ending at 0000UTC September 25. The secondpart of Figure 1 shows the intenseextratropical storm at maximumintensity, 950 mb, analyzed withthe help of abundant ship data.This development was not onlyunusual for this early in theseason, but also produced one ofthe most intense storms to developover the North Pacific during thisfour-month period. Figure 2 is a500 mb analysis chart valid at1200 UTC September 24 indicat-ing a vigorous short-wave troughsupporting development. Detailson relationships between surfaceand upper-air features and use ofthe 500 mb chart may be found inan earlier article by Sienkiewiczand Chesneau (see references).Figure 3 is a GMS infraredsatellite image of the storm nearmaximum intensity and is valid atabout the same time as the secondanalysis of Figure 1. There is thehint of a small “eye” at the center.

At 1800 UTC September 24, theship PFEU near 42N 179E

encountered southwest winds of60 kt and 51 ft (15.5 m) seas, thehighest winds and seas reported byship. The second highest reportedseas were 37 ft (11.3 m) from theship ELXU6 near 41N 179E at0600 UTC September 25. Re-ported winds were southwest 30 ktat this time, but six hours prior tothis, the same ship reportedsouthwest winds of 56 kt. West ofthe center, the Everett Express(call sign DPGD) reported a northwind of 60 kt and 35 ft (10.7 m)seas near 46N 172E at 0600 UTCSeptember 25. The World Spirit(ELWG7) reported a northeastwind of 37 kt and pressure of 951mb near 44N 175E at 0000 UTCSeptember 25.

The storm subsequently driftednortheast and then east and beganto weaken. By 0000 UTC Septem-ber 26 the central pressure was upto 965 mb. By the 30th, theextratropical remains of Shanshanweakened to a low with windsbelow gale force off the coast ofWashington state.

Other Significant Weather

As cyclonic activity picked upduring October and November,there were many systems thatdeveloped storm-force winds. Theemphasis here is on storms thatdevelop hurricane force windsand/or large waves, or extraordi-nary intensity.

Figure 4 depicts the rapid develop-ment of what became the mostintense storm of the four-monthperiod in the northeast Pacific.

This is another example of a“bomb,” with the central pressuredropping more than 24 mb in a 24-hour period. The second part ofFigure 4 shows the storm atmaximum intensity. Figure 5 is aGOES10 infrared satellite imageof the storm close to the time ofmaximum intensity. The dense andcold-topped (white in the image)frontal clouds north and east of thecenter actually spiral twice arounda well-defined center, indicative ofa very intense, mature storm. Thehighest wind reported from a shipwas an east wind of 55 kt from theSea-Land Anchorage (KGTX)near 54N 136W at 1800 UTCOctober 27, with reported seas of33 ft (10.1 m). The highest seasreported were 38 ft (11.6 m) fromthe Great Land (WFDP) near54N 135W at 1500 UTC October27, and the reported wind wassoutheast 50 kt. The strongestwind from a buoy was southeastwind of 43 kt with gusts to 52 ktfrom 46004 (51N 137W) at 0900UTC October 27. The buoy 46184(54N 139W) reported winds asstrong, from the northeast, at 2100UTC October 27. Seas reached 37ft (11.3 m) at the buoy 46036(48N 134W) at 0600 UTC Octo-ber 28. Swell driven southeastaround the back side of the stormreached the northern Californiacoast on the evening of the 28th,up to 30 ft (9.1 m). The stormsubsequently weakened anddrifted east to the Oregon coast onthe 29th.

November was perhaps the mostactive period, especially during


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Figure 1. MPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts valid at 0600 UTC September 24 and 0000 UTC September 25, 2000.

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Figure 2. MPC 500-Mb Analysis of North Pacific valid at 1200 UTC September 24, 2000.

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Figure 3. GMS infrared satellite image valid at 2332 UTC September 24, 2000.

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Figure 4. MPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 1) valid at 0000 UTC October 27 and 28, 2000.

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Figure 5. GOES10 infrared satellite image of the storm in Figure 4 near maximum intensity, valid at 2300 UTCOctober 27, 2000.

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Figure 6. MPC North Pacific Surface Analysis chart valid at 1200 UTC November 13, 2000.

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North Pacific AreaContinued from Page 32

the middle of the month, when aseries of large storms developedeast of Japan or the Kurile Islandsand moved toward the Aleutiansand Bering Sea with hurricane-force winds. The most intense ofthese is shown in Figure 6 atmaximum intensity with a centralpressure of 950 mb. It had itsorigins near Japan early onNovember 10, taking three days toreach the eastern Bering Sea.During the 24-hour period prior to0000 UTC November 12, thecentral pressure dropped 30 mb.The storm then lifted north andweakened near the Bering Straitlate on the 14th. The maximumreported wind was 68 kt from theSkaubryn (LAJV4) near DutchHarbor (Figure 6), and the maxi-mum seas of 53 ft (16.2 m) werealso observed by this ship. Earlier,at 0100 UTC November 13, theSkaubryn encountered southwinds of 65 kt near the samelocation. To the south, the CSXEnterprise (KRGB) near 45N170E reported northwest winds of34 kt and 43 ft (13.1 m) seas at0600 UTC November 12. Thebuoy 46035 (57N 177W) reportedmaximum winds of 47 kt withgusts to 60 kt from the northwestat 1700 UTC November 13.

A storm of similar intensity to theone above developed northeast ofJapan late on November 14 andrapidly deepened late on the 16thto 952 mb near 51N 179W at 0000UTC November 17. The system

then became complex (or devel-oped multiple centers) as itreached the eastern Aleutians(Figure 7), with the main center at951 mb. The center had passedthrough an area of sparse ship datasouthwest of the center. Figure 8is a QuikScat image of windsremotely sensed by satellite withthe valid time of the pass 1921UTC November 16. The imagehas 70 to 80 kt wind barbs on theback side of the storm near 50N172E, with the center located near51N 177E at that time. Later, at1200 UTC November 17, the Sea-Land Explorer (WGJF) encoun-tered southwest winds of 65 kt at52N 179W. Six hours later, thesame vessel reported from nearAdak Island with a west wind of45 kt and 45 ft (13.7 m) seas. TheSkaubryn (LAJV4) reported anorthwest wind of 45 kt and 42 ft(12.8 m) seas near 56N 175E at0600 UTC November 17. Thestorm then began to weaken anddrift north in the Bering Sea onthe 18th.

A secondary developing stormcenter formed on the front associ-ated with the storm above by 1800UTC November 23, as shown inFigure 9. The parent center wasdissipating in the Bering Sea atthis time. The center deepened 24mb in 24 hours before moving intoSoutheast Alaska (second part ofFigure 9). The most notableobservation taken in this stormwas a 65 kt south wind and 41 ft(12.5 m) seas from the Sea-LandTacoma (KGTY) at 0500 UTCNovember 23, or one hour before

map time in the second analysis ofFigure 9.

Late in November, low-pressuresystems were active along a moresouthern track south of 40N, apattern not seen much during thisfour-month period. Some of theseproduced storm force winds. Oneof these, after tracking east towardCalifornia, turned north northeaston a track similar to that of thestorm in Figure 9. Figure 10shows the motion and develop-ment of this storm during a 24-hour period, with the maximumintensity of 968 mb reached at1800 UTC November 30. In thesecond part of Figure 10, the Sea-Land Kodiac (KGTZ) appearsnear the Queen Charlotte Islandswith a southeast wind of 65 kt.

In early December, with highpressure developing over theeastern Pacific, the strongersystems were directed more northtoward the Bering Sea. A largevertically stacked storm systemdeveloped in the Bering Sea by the7th, which became as deep as 948mb on December 13th near theWestern Aleutians (not shown).This system lingered over theBering Sea for a week beforebecoming absorbed by a galecenter passing south of the Aleu-tians.

Reference

Sienkiewicz, J. and Chesneau, L.,Mariner’s Guide to the 500-Millibar Chart (Mariners WeatherLog, Winter 1995).h

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Figure 7. MPC North Pacific Surface Analysis chart valid at 0600 UTC November 17, 2000.

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Figure 8. QuikScat scatterometer image of winds remotely sensed by satellite. Valid time of the pass is 1921 UTCNovember 16, 2000. Image courtesy of NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications.

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Figure 9. MPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 1) valid at 1800 UTC November 22 and 0600 UTC November 23, 2000.

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Figure 10. MPC North Pacific Surface Analysis charts (Part 1) valid at 1800 UTC November 30 and 1800 UTC December 1, 2000.



Tropical Atlantic and Tropical East Pacific Areas�September through December 2000

Dr. Jack BevenNational Hurricane Center

Daniel BrownTropical Analysis and Forecast BranchTropical Prediction Center11691 SW 17th StreetMiami, FL 33149-2165


I. Introduction

The busy 2000 hurricane seasoncontinued at the Tropical Predic-tion Center (TPC) with a total ofeighteen tropical and subtropicalcyclones forming during theperiod.

II. The Koeln Express andTropical Storm Helene

Many ships have encounteredtropical cyclones, but it is uncom-mon for a ship to encounter thesame cyclone twice in two differ-ent parts of the ocean. Such wasthe fortune of the Koeln Express(call sign 9VBL), which encoun-tered Tropical Storm Helene inboth the Gulf of Mexico and theNorth Atlantic Ocean (see page24).

During the first encounter onSeptember 20, Helene was apoorly-defined tropical depressionin the southeastern Gulf of

Mexico (Figure 1). The KoelnExpress reported maximum windsof 27 kt at 2200 UTC that day anda minimum pressure of 1008.7 mbtwo hours earlier. These measure-ments agreed well with earlierdata from a reconnaissanceaircraft.

The second encounter was moreserious. Helene moved east-

northeastward off the NorthCarolina coast on September 24and accelerated into the Atlantic.It caught up with the KoelnExpress early on the 25th (Figure2). Table 1 shows the hourly datareported by the ship as the stormpassed, with a maximum wind of56 kt at 0600 UTC on the 25th anda minimum pressure of 988.2 mb

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Figure 1. Tracks of Atlantic hurricanes, tropical storms, and subtropical storms of 2000.


Figure 2. GOES8 infrared image of Tropical Storm Helene at 0645 UTCSeptember 25, 2000.


Continued on Page 47Table 1. Observations from the Koeln Express during its second encounterwith Tropical Storm Helene, September 24-25, 2000.

Tropical Prediction CenterContinued from Page 44

one hour later. Notice that thewinds sharply increase to theirmaximum just as the centerpasses, and the pressure changesrapidly (8-10 mb) during the threehours before and after the centerpasses. These details indicateHelene still had the characteristicsof a tropical cyclone, despitehaving passed over land andaccelerated into the westerlies.Based on post-analysis of thesedata, the final best track of Helenewas extended into the Atlantic as atropical storm rather than anextratropical cyclone.

This encounter again highlightsthe importance of frequentweather reports when a ship isnear a tropical cyclone. Theintense part of the storm onlylasted a few hours on the KoelnExpress, with tropical stormwinds lasting only seven hours.Normal six-hourly ship reportswould have been insufficient toresolve the tight inner core if thepeak conditions had not coincidedwith the 0600 UTC reporting time.Ships near the core of a tropicalcyclone (or even near the core ofintense extratropical cyclones) areasked to send observations at leastevery three hours.

III. Significant Weather ofthe Period

A. Tropical Cyclones: Eleventropical cyclones and one sub-tropical cyclone were observed inthe Atlantic basin during the

April 2001 47


Figure 3. Track of Tropical Depression Nine, September 8-9, 2000.

period. This activity included onetropical depression, four tropicalstorms, and six hurricanes, two ofwhich became Category 4 hurri-canes on the Saffir-SimpsonHurricane Scale. The easternNorth Pacific basin saw onehurricane and five tropical stormsform during the period, as well asTropical Storm Kristy, whichformed on August 31.

1. Atlantic

Tropical Storm Ernesto: Atropical wave that moved west-

ward from the African coast onAugust 28 spawned a tropicaldepression about midway betweenthe Lesser Antilles and Africa onSeptember 1 (Figure 1). Movingwest-northwestward, the cyclonebecame Tropical Storm Ernestothe next day. Ernesto peaked at 35kt, then quickly weakened anddissipated on September 3 about250 n mi northeast of the northernLeeward Islands. There are noreports of damage, casualties, ortropical storm winds.

Tropical Depression Nine: Thisdepression formed about 160 n misouth of Lake Charles, Louisiana,

on September 8 (Figure 3).Moving north-northwestward, thepoorly-defined center movedashore near Sabine Pass, Texas,the next day and quickly dissi-pated.

The maximum sustained windswere 30 kt. Gusts to 39 kt werereported at buoy 42001 at 2100UTC September 8, with gusts to36 kt at buoy 42041 one hourlater. Rainfall associated with thisdepression affected portions ofLouisiana and Mississippi. Thereare no reports of damage orcasualties.





Hurricane Florence: A cold frontmoved off the U.S. east coastduring the first week of Septem-ber. A frontal wave developed onthe 8th and acquired subtropicaldepression characteristics by the10th, when it was about 325 n miwest-southwest of Bermuda(Figure 1). Further organizationwas rapid, and on the 11th thecyclone became a tropical depres-sion, a tropical storm, and then ahurricane. Florence meanderedgenerally westward for the nexttwo days, weakening back to atropical storm on the 13th. Asouthward drift on September 14was followed by a faster eastwardto east-northeastward motion thenext day. Florence acceleratednortheastward on the 16th, atwhich time it regained hurricanestatus. A peak intensity of 70 ktoccurred later that day. Florenceagain weakened to a tropical stormon 17 September, and the circula-tion merged with a cold front laterthat day.

Florence passed about 65 n minorthwest of Bermuda near 0800UTC September 16. The islandreported sustained winds of 36 ktwith gusts to 50 kt at 0400 UTCthat day. Three ships reportedtropical storm winds duringFlorence: (1) The Global Mari-ner (WWXA) reported 49 kt anda 1005.2 mb pressure at 0000UTC September 17, (2) the CapVerde (ELVO3) reported 39 ktand a 1009.0 mb pressure at 0000UTC September 11, and (3) theDuncan Island (C6JS) reported

34 kt and a 1007.0 mb pressure at1200 UTC September 17.

Rips currents associated withswells from Florence were blamedfor three deaths on the NorthCarolina coast. There are noreports of damage.

Hurricane Gordon: A tropicalwave that emerged from theAfrican coast on September 4entered the eastern Caribbean Seaon September 9-10. It continuedwestward and became betterorganized on September 12, and atropical depression formed from iton September 14 near the eastcoast of the Yucatan Peninsula.The cyclone moved northwest-ward while over land, then turnednortheastward upon moving intothe Gulf of Mexico on the 15th.The depression became TropicalStorm Gordon on the 16th andHurricane Gordon by 0000 UTCon the 17th. Gordon’s windsreached 70 kt later that day, atwhich time an Air Force ReserveHurricane Hunter aircraft mea-sured a minimum central pressureof 981 mb. This was followed byweakening to a tropical storm. Thestorm made landfall near CedarKey, Florida, about 0300 UTCSeptember 18. It merged with acold front and became extratropi-cal later that day.

Tropical storm winds affectedportions of the Florida west coast,with Cedar Key reporting 45 ktsustained winds and gusts to 59 ktat 0110 UTC September 18. Thelowest reported pressure was997.6 mb at Cross City, Florida, at0300 UTC on the 18th. Table 2

shows selected ship and buoyobservations from Gordon. Themost significant observation wasfrom the P&O Nedlloyd Genoa(MYMX5) , which reported 64 ktwinds and a 999.9 mb pressure at2100 UTC September 16. Thishelped in determining that Gordonhad reached hurricane strength.

Gordon is blamed for 23 deathsfrom flooding in Guatemala, manyof which probably occurred duringthe pre-depression stage. Onedeath from high surf was reportedfrom the Florida Panhandle.Damage in the United States isestimated at $10.8 million.

Tropical Storm Helene: Atropical wave that moved off theAfrican coast on September 10briefly developed into a tropicaldepression over the tropicalAtlantic on the 15th (Figure 1).Although the cyclone weakened toa wave the next day, it broughtlocally heavy rains and gustywinds to the Leeward Islands onthe 17th. The wave continuedwestward and re-developed into adepression northwest of GrandCayman Island on the 19th. Thedepression moved northwest intothe Gulf of Mexico on the 20thand became Tropical StormHelene on the 21st. The north-ward-moving storm strengthenedto 60 kt later that day beforevertical shear caused weakening.Helene made landfall near FortWalton Beach, Florida, around1100 UTC on the 22nd as aminimal tropical storm andquickly weakened to a depression.



April 2001 49


Table 2. Selected ship and buoy observations of 34 kt or greater winds for Hurricane Gordon,September 14-18, 2000.

The depression moved northeast-ward across the southeasternUnited States and began to re-intensify while over North Caro-lina. Helene regained tropicalstorm status just before movinginto the Atlantic on the 23rd, andonce again reached 60 kt as thestorm accelerated northeastwardon the 24th-25th. Helene wasabsorbed by a frontal system lateron the 25th.

In addition to the reports from theKoeln Express (section II), in theGulf of Mexico, the CherryValley (WIBK) reported 54 ktwinds at 2100 UTC September 21,with 47 kt and a 1004.1 mbpressure an hour later. In theAtlantic, the Global Marinerreported 52 kt winds and a 999.5mb pressure at 0600 UTC on the

25th. Sustained tropical stormwinds were reported at automatedstations on the North Carolinacoast, with the Diamond ShoalsCoastal Marine AutomatedNetwork (C-MAN) station report-ing 51 kt with gusts to 61 kt (at anelevation of 46.6 m or 153 ft) at2243 UTC on the 23rd. Gusts totropical storm force were reportedalong the coast of the FloridaPanhandle.

One person was killed by aHelene-spawned tornado in SouthCarolina. The U.S. damageestimate is $16 million.

Hurricane Isaac: A strongtropical wave that emerged fromthe African coast on September 20spawned a tropical depression acouple of hundred miles south ofthe Cape Verde Islands the nextday (Figure 1). The cyclonebecame Tropical Storm Isaac on

the 22nd and Hurricane Isaac onthe 23rd as it moved west-north-westward. The hurricane strength-ened to 105 kt on the 24th, fol-lowed by weakening to 75 kt bythe 26th that was partly due tovertical shear. Isaac re-intensifiedon the 27th, with an estimatedpeak intensity of 120 kt occurringlater that day as the hurricaneturned northwestward (Figure 4).A gradual turn to the northeastoccurred from September 29 toOctober 1, with Isaac passingabout 440 n mi east of Bermudaon the 29th. Weakening occurredduring the turn, and Isaac fell totropical storm status on the 1st. Itbecame extratropical later thatday. Extratropical Isaac continuednortheastward across the Atlantic,brushing the British Isles onOctober 3 before merging with alarger low the next day.







Ships avoided Isaac’s largecirculation for the most part. TheSeabulk Debbie (DEBB) reported52 kt winds at 1800 UTC Septem-ber 30, and the Saudi Makkah(HZQZ) reported 40 kt at thattime. While no damage is attrib-uted to Isaac, surf from swellsgenerated by the hurricane causedone death on Long Island, NewYork.

Hurricane Joyce: A tropicalwave that moved off the African

coast on September 22 developedinto a tropical depression on the25th about 350 n mi southwest ofthe Cape Verde Islands (Figure 1).The cyclone became TropicalStorm Joyce on the 26th and ahurricane the following day as itmoved generally westward. Joycereached a peak intensity of 80 kton the 28th. This was followed byweakening to a tropical storm onthe 29th. A continued westwardmotion took Joyce through theWindward Islands on October 1 asa weak tropical storm. The cy-clone weakened to a depression

over the southeastern CaribbeanSea later that day and dissipatedon the 2nd.

There are no marine reports oftropical storm force winds fromJoyce. Barbados reported 30 ktsustained winds with gusts to 40kt as the center passed about 120 nmi to the south on October 1.There are no reports of damage orcasualties.

Hurricane Keith : A tropicalwave that moved off the African

Figure 4. GOES8 visible image of Hurricane Isaac near peak intensity at 1815 UTCSeptember 28, 2000. Image courtesy of Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey,California.

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Figure 5. GOES8 visible image of Hurricane Keith at 1745 UTC October 1, 2000.Image courtesy of the Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California.

coast on September 16 moved intothe western Caribbean Sea bySeptember 27, where it becamebetter organized. A tropicaldepression formed from it on the28th about 60 n mi north-northeastof Cape Gracias a Dios, Nicaragua(Figure 1). Moving northwest-ward, the cyclone became Tropi-cal Storm Keith the next day.Keith strengthened very rapidly,and by early on October 1 windshad increased to the peak intensityof 120 kt with an aircraft-mea-

sured minimum pressure of 939mb. The hurricane slowed andturned westward during this time,and by late on the 1st the eye wasjust southeast of Ambergris Cayand Caye Caulker, Belize (Figure5). Keith moved little for the next36 hours while steadily weaken-ing. Maximum sustained windshad decreased to 60 kt when thecenter finally made landfall on theBelize mainland around 0300UTC on the 3rd. A general west-northwestward motion then beganwhich continued for the rest ofKeith’s life. Keith weakened to atropical depression over the

Yucatan Peninsula on the 3rd,then it regained tropical stormstatus over the Bay of Campechethe next day. The cyclone contin-ued to strengthen until it madelandfall as an 80 kt hurricane justnorth of Tampico, Mexico,around 1800 UTC on the 5th. Itdissipated over northeasternMexico the next day.

The only ship known to haveencountered Keith was theEdyth L (C6YC) which reported60 kt winds and a 1009 mb




pressure at 1800 UTC September30. The highest winds at a landstation were 40 kt with gusts to 55kt at Tampico at 1445 UTC onOctober 5. There are unofficialreports from amateur radiooperators of 90-110 kt winds onAmbergris Cay and Caye Caulkeron the 1st.

Twenty-four deaths are associatedwith Keith, with many fromflooding caused by prolongedrainfall from the slow movingstorm. However, five of the deathsoccurred when two catamaransmoored in Belize broke looseduring the storm. Damage esti-mates in Belize are near $225million.

Tropical Storm Leslie: A tropicalwave, which could have spawnedHurricane Isaac, moved into thecentral Caribbean Sea on Septem-ber 29. The wave moved north-northwestward into the southeast-ern Gulf of Mexico by October 2as it became better organized. Theinteraction of the wave, an oldfrontal system, and a jet stream,led to the formation of a subtropi-cal depression over central Floridaon the 4th (Figure 1). The depres-sion moved northeastward andthen eastward into the Atlanticand became Tropical Storm Leslieon the 5th. Leslie turned graduallynortheastward on October 6-7 as itreached a peak intensity of 40 kt.It became extratropical about 325n mi north-northwest of Bermudalater that day. The extratropicalremains of Leslie moved rapidlynortheastward and eastward across

the Atlantic and was last seenapproaching the British Isles onOctober 10.

The only observation of tropicalstorm winds was from the KentVoyageur (8PNK), which re-ported 36 kt winds at 0000 UTCOctober 6. There are no reports ofdamage and casualties fromLeslie. However, the pre-Lesliedisturbance was responsible forwidespread heavy rains andflooding in southeastern Florida.The flooding caused $950 millionin damage and was indirectlyresponsible for three deaths.

Hurricane Michael : A cold frontmoved off the U.S. southeast coaston October 7, followed by forma-tion of a frontal low just east ofthe central Bahamas on October12. The low moved erratically to aposition about 650 n mi east ofJacksonville, Florida, by the 15th,when it acquired enough orga-nized convection and separationfrom the front to become a sub-tropical depression (Figure 1).Further development led to thesystem becoming a subtropicalstorm on the 16th, a tropical stormearly on the 17th, and a hurricanelater on that day. Michael movedlittle from the 15th through the17th. A northeastward motionbegan on the 18th with accelera-tion on the 19th. Michael reacheda peak intensity of 85 kt late onthe 19th (Figure 6), then becameextratropical early on the 20th justbefore landfall in Newfoundland.The extratropical low could betracked for one more day before itwas absorbed by another low overthe Labrador Sea.

Although Michael was extratropi-cal as it hit Newfoundland, thestorm produced hurricane-forcewinds. Sagona Island reportedsustained winds of 69 kt withgusts to 93 kt. There are numerousreports of ship encounters withMichael, and selected observa-tions are given in Table 3. Themost significant observation wasfrom the MSC Xingang(3EHR6), which reported 80 ktwinds and a 965.5 mb pressure at1700 UTC October 19. This reportwas the basis for Michael’s peakintensity.

There are no reports of casualties,and only minor damage wasreported from Newfoundland.

Tropical Storm Nadine: Acombination of a tropical waveand an upper-level trough pro-duced a tropical depression about600 n mi southeast of Bermuda onOctober 19 (Figure 1). The systemmoved notheastward and becameTropical Storm Nadine on the 20thwith a peak intensity of 50 kt earlyon the 21st. Nadine became extra-tropical on the 22nd and wasabsorbed by a larger low later thatday.

Winds of 40 kt were reported bythe Aalsmeergracht (PCAM) andthe Figaro (S6PI) at 0000 UTCand 1200 UTC October 21 respec-tively. A 33 kt wind reported bythe Prince of Waves (C6LP4) at1800 UTC on the 19th helpeddetermine that a tropical depres-sion had formed. There are noreports of damage or casualties.


April 2001 53

Figure 6. GOES8 visible image of Hurricane Michael near peak intensity at 1815 UTC October 19, 2000. Imagecourtesy of the Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California.



Unnamed Subtropical Storm: Ina fashion similar to Michael twoweeks earlier, a non-tropical lowformed along an old frontalsystem just east of the Turks andCaicos Islands on October 25(Figure 1). The low movednorthwestward and quicklybecame a gale center, and by latethat day it had developed enoughorganized convection that a post-storm analysis indicates it becamea subtropical storm. The stormmoved northward and north-northwestward on the 26th,followed by a north-northeastwardturn and acceleration on the 27th.It then turned northeastward with


further acceleration on the 28thwhile reaching a peak intensity of55 kt. The cyclone becameextratropical near Sable Island,Nova Scotia, early on the 29th andlost its identity near eastern NovaScotia later that day.

Sable Island reported 35 kt windsat 0700 UTC on October 29 with aminimum pressure of 980.6 mb anhour earlier. The storm affectedmany ships and buoys, withselected observations listed inTable 4. The Nomzi (MTQU3)reported 46 kt winds at 0000 UTCon the 29th, while Canadian buoy44137 reported 39 kt winds and a979.1 mb pressure two hours later.There are no reports of damage orcasualties.

2. Eastern Pacific

Tropical Storm Kristy : An areaof disturbed weather, possiblyassociated with a tropical wave,developed into a tropical depres-sion on August 31 about 1350 nmi west southwest of Cabo SanLucas (Figure 7). The cyclonemoved little during its lifetime. Itbriefly became a minimal tropicalstorm on September 2, followedby weakening and dissipation thenext day. There are no reports ofdamage, casualties, or tropicalstorm winds.

Hurricane Lane: A tropical wavethat moved off the African coast



Table 3. Selected ship and buoy observations of 34 kt or greater winds associated with Hurricane Michael,October 15-19, 2000.

April 2001 55


Table 4. Selected ship and buoy observations of 34 kt or greater winds associated with the unnamed subtropicalstorm, October 25-29, 2000.



on August 20 moved into thePacific on the 29th. After slowand erratic development, a tropicaldepression formed about 140 n misouthwest of Manzanillo, Mexico,on September 5 (Figure 7). Thedepression became a tropicalstorm later that day. From Septem-ber 6-8, Lane made a counter-clockwise loop while the maxi-mum winds varied from 35-50 kt.The storm turned northwestwardlate on the 8th, and Lane became ahurricane before passing over

Socorro Island on the 9th. Itreached a peak intensity of 85 ktwith a 50-60 n mi-wide eye on the10th (Figure 8), which coincidedwith a west-northwestward turnthat lasted into the next day. Laneweakened to a tropical storm onthe 11th, then gradually turnednorthward on October 12-13 whileweakening to a depression. Thecyclone dissipated about 250 n miwest of San Diego, California, onthe 14th.

During the loop, Lane developed alarge circulation which lateraffected Socorro, portions of the

Mexican coast, and several ships(Table 5). San Jose del Cabo,Mexico, reported a 40 kt gust at1850 UTC September 9, andSocorro Island reported a 973.7mb pressure at 1500 UTC that day.There are no reports of damage orcasualties.

Tropical Storm Miriam : Atropical wave that moved off theAfrican coast on August 29 movedinto the Pacific on September 9.After several days of slow motionand development, a tropical

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Figure 7. Tracks of eastern Pacific hurricanes and tropical storms of 2000.

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Table 5. Selected ship observations of 34 kt or greater winds associated with Hurricane Lane, September 5-14,2000.


Figure 8. GOES10 visible image of Hurricane Lane near peak intensity at 1500 UTCSeptember 10, 2000. Image courtesy of the Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey,California.



depression formed about 250 n misouth-southeast of Cabo SanLucas, Mexico, on the 15th.Initially moving northward, thecyclone turned north-northwest-ward and briefly became a 35 kttropical storm on the 16th. Miriamweakened to a depression on the17th due to vertical shear, and itdissipated later that day about 60 nmi northeast of Cabo San Lucas.There are no reports of damage,casualties, or tropical storm winds.

Tropical Storm Norman : Aportion of the tropical wave thattriggered Hurricane Gordonmoved across Central Americaand Mexico from September 14-16. The system spawned a tropicaldepression on the 20th about 180n mi south-southeast ofManzanillo, Mexico. The systemdrifted northward and became a 45kt tropical storm just beforelandfall on the Mexican coastbetween Lazaro Cardenas andColima late that day. Normanweakened to a depression overland on the 21st as it turnednorthwestward, then it moved overwater near Puerto Vallarta late thatday. No strengthening occurredbefore Norman made a finallandfall near Mazatlan on the22nd, and the cyclone dissipatedlater that day.

Norman was upgraded to atropical storm based on two shipsreports. The Iwanuma Maru(3ESU8) reported 38 kt winds anda 1001.5 mb pressure at 1200UTC on September 20, while theStar Grip (LADQ4) reported 39

kt winds and a 1003.0 mb pressurean hour later. Although Normanproduced heavy rains over por-tions of southern Mexico, thereare no reports of damage orcasualties.

Tropical Storm Olivia : A tropicalwave that moved off the Africancoast on September 16 crossedinto the Pacific the 28th. Develop-ment was slowed by vertical windshear caused by Hurricane Keithover the Caribbean. However, atropical depression formed onOctober 2 about 245 n mi south-southeast of Manzanillo (Figure7). Moving generally westward,the cyclone became a tropicalstorm on the 3rd and reached apeak intensity of 55 kt later thatday. Olivia maintained 55 kt windsinto the 5th, followed by shear-induced weakening to a minimaltropical storm the next day. Thestorm turned west-northwestwardlater on the 6th and re-intensified,with a second peak intensity of 55kt on the 8th. Olivia continuedwest-northwestward, weakening toa depression on the 9th and to alow pressure area on the 10th. Theremnant low turned northeastwardand moved into northwesternMexico a few days later.

There are no reports of damage,casualties, or tropical storm winds.However, the remnant low didproduce locally heavy rains acrossportions of northwestern Mexicoand the southwestern UnitedStates.

Tropical Storm Paul: A distur-bance in the Intertropical Conver-gence Zone developed into a

tropical depression on October 25about 775 n mi south of Cabo SanLucas (Figure 7). The cyclonemoved westward through itslifetime except for a brief west-northwestward motion on the26th-27th. The depression becameTropical Storm Paul on the 26th,with a peak intensity of 40 kt laterthat day. Paul weakened to adepression on the 28th anddissipated the next day about 1200n mi southwest of Cabo SanLucas. There are no reports ofdamage, casualties, or tropicalstorm winds.

Tropical Storm Rosa: A tropicalwave spawned a depression onNovember 3 about 215 n mi south-southwest of San Salvador, ElSalvador (Figure 7). The systemmoved westward and becameTropical Storm Rosa on the 5th.Rosa turned northward andreached a peak intensity of 55 kton the 6th, followed by weakeningand a northeastward turn on the7th. Rosa made landfall onNovember 8 near Huatulco,Mexico, as a minimal tropicalstorm and dissipated over landlater that day. There are no reportsof damage, casualties, or tropicalstorm winds.

B. Other Significant Events: Thefirst non-tropical gale of the fall/winter season occurred in earlyOctober when a strong cold frontproduced gale force winds in theWestern Gulf of Mexico. After arather quiet November, severalsignificant gale events occurredover the Atlantic south of 31N inDecember. By mid-December, as



April 2001 59

winter officially began, severalstrong cold fronts produced galeforce winds over the Gulf ofMexico and western Atlantic.These cold fronts also producedan extended period of record coldtemperatures across the easternUnited States. Several of thesecold fronts produced gale eventsin the Gulf of Tehuantepec.

1. Atlantic, Caribbean and Gulf ofMexico

Gulf of Mexico Cold FrontOctober 7-10: The day afterHurricane Keith’s final landfall, astrong early season cold frontmoved slowly southeastward offthe Texas coast, producing galesover the western Gulf. By 0000UTC October 7, the cold front waslocated from near New Orleans,Louisiana, west-southwest toCorpus Christi, Texas. At 1800UTC that day the front waslocated from Cedar Key west-southwest through 27N 93W tonear Tampico. A strong highpressure center over the north-central United States was buildingsouth across Texas and the Gulfnorthwest of the cold front. By1200 UTC October 8 the frontextend from Fort Myers, Florida,west through 25N 92W to theMexican coast near 19N 96W. A1044 mb high was over Nebraskawith a strong pressure gradientover the southwest Gulf ofMexico.

The cold front and high pressurecenter continued to move slowlysoutheast during the next 24 to 36

hours. Several buoys over thenorthwest Gulf observed 30 ktsustained winds on October 8-9.However, no ship reports werereceived in the southwest Gulfwhere the strongest winds likelyoccurred. Veracruz, Mexicoreported sustained winds of 35 ktgusting to 45 kt on the afternoonof October 8, and gusts to 55 ktthe next day. (Strong winds oftenoccur at Veracruz behind coldfronts since northerly winds arefunneled along the eastern slopesof a mountain range located westof the city.) QuikScat scattero-meter data on October 8-9 indi-cated 30-35 kt winds over thewestern Gulf of Mexico, with the0047 UTC October 9 pass show-ing 35-45 kt winds south of 25Nwest of 95W. By 0000 UTCOctober 10, the front movedsoutheast of the Gulf, while thehigh pressure center weakenedand moved to northern Arkansas.Winds decreased below gale forceby 0600 UTC October 10, al-though 20-25 kt winds and 3-3.5m (9-12 ft) seas continued for anadditional 30 hours.

East Atlantic Gale December5-6: This short-lived event beganon December 5, as a gale centerlocated north of 31N movedrapidly east-northeast across thecentral and eastern Atlantic. Astrong ridge of high pressureacross the tropical east Atlanticcombined with the gale center tocreate a tight pressure gradientover the northeastern portion ofthe TPC forecast area. TheKaapgracht (PFJH) observedsouthwest winds 39 kt at 0600UTC December 6. Farther east,

the Fort Fleur D’epee (FNOU)reported 37 kt winds near 31N36W at the same time. Galeconditions ended south of 31N by1800 UTC December 6 as the galecenter moved away from the area.

East Atlantic Cold Front andGale Center December 12-15: At0600 UTC December 12, a coldfront extended through 31N 35W-30N 40W to 25N 55W, with a1031 mb high well northwest ofthe front. Strong northeast windsoccurred within 300 n mi north-west of the front. At 1200 UTCDecember 12 the Polar Colombia(ELSI9) just north of 31N re-ported 33 kt northeast winds.QuikScat data confirmed thisreport and suggested gales werepresent in the area north of thefront east of 45W. By 0600 UTCDecember 13 the cold frontextended from 27N 35W to 25N50W. While winds were belowgale force, northeast winds of 25-30 kt continued north of the frontto 31N.

On December 14, an upper-leveldisturbance moving across thearea helped develop a low alongthe front near 26N 40W. By 0600UTC December 14, the low was agale center near 24N 42W. At thattime the Douce France (FNRS)observed 40 kt northeast windsnear 27N 42W. The ship ChiquitaNederland (C6KD6) reported 35kt northeast winds six hours later.The low continued driftingsouthwest, and winds decreasedbelow gale force by 0600 UTCDecember 15. However, the lowand a strong high pressure ridge to





the northwest produced 25-30 ktnortheast winds from 20N-31Nbetween 40W-60W for the nextseveral days.

Gulf of Mexico/Western AtlanticCold Front December 17: A coldfront over the central Gulf ofMexico was overtaken by astronger front around 0600 UTCDecember 17. The combined frontthen moved quickly east across theeastern Gulf, Florida, and into thewestern Atlantic by 1800 UTCthat day. Gales occurred over thenorthern Gulf of Mexico between0000 and 1800 UTC December 17north of 27N west of the front to92W. At 0600 UTC the NBID(name unknown) encountered 37kt winds, while the USCG Coura-geous (NCRG) reported 33 ktwinds. Gales were also observedahead of the front over the Atlan-tic north of 30N west of 70Wbetween 1200 UTC December 17and 0000 UTC December 18.Several ships just north of 31Nobserved 35-40 kt southwestwinds at 1200 and 1800 UTC onthe 17th. After 0000 UTC Decem-ber 18 high pressure built acrossthe Gulf of Mexico and westernAtlantic and winds decreasedrapidly across the area.

Strong Gulf of Mexico/AtlanticCold Front December 19-20:The next in a series of strong coldfronts entered the Gulf of Mexicoon the afternoon of December 18,with a weak low forming on thefront over the northwestern Gulf.By 0000 UTC December 19, the1016 mb low was located near

New Orleans with the cold fronttrailing southwestward to nearTampico. The NBID encounteredits second gale in three days,reporting 35 kt winds near 30N87W at both 0600 UTC and 1200UTC on the 19th. Several shipsand buoys reported winds of 33-38kt between 1200 and 1800 UTCon the 19th, with the ChevronArizona (KGBE) observing 36 ktand the Sealand Atlantic(KRLZ) encountering 38 kt windsnear 27N 91W. Sea heights overthe Gulf of Mexico built rapidlybehind the cold front with buoy42002 reporting seas as high as 5m (16 ft). By 1800 UTC Decem-ber 19, the front extended from theextreme western Atlantic acrossFlorida to the Yucatan Peninsula.Over the western Atlantic, theBonn Express (DGNB) and theZCBU8 (name unknown) ob-served 35-38 kt winds at 0000UTC and 0600 UTC December20. By 1200 UTC December 20,the cold front extended from 31N69W across eastern Cuba to near15N 83W. By this time, gale forcewinds over the Atlantic retreatednorth of 31N, although strongwinds continued near the coldfront until December 21. Strongwinds also occurred behind thefront over the northwest Carib-bean Sea, with ships reportingnortherly winds of 20-30 kt andseas of 3-4 m (10-13 ft).

Atlantic Gale Center and ColdFront December 25-26: OnDecember 24 a low pressuresystem developed along a station-ary front across the central Baha-mas. The low moved northeast andat 1200 UTC December 25

became a 1014 mb gale centernear 26N 71W with a trailing coldfront extending to central Cuba.By 0000 UTC December 26, thegale center moved north of 31Nwith the trailing cold front ex-tended through 31N 57W-25N67W to the eastern tip of Cuba.Strong high pressure built over thewestern Atlantic west of the front.The Irbenskiy Proliv (UBDJ)encountered 35 kt winds at both0000 UTC and 0600 UTC Decem-ber 26 just west of the front. Otherships across the western Atlanticreported north to northeast windsof 25-30 kt on the 26th, with theWilson (WNPD) observing 30 ktwinds and seas of 4 m (13 ft) at0600 UTC. By 1800 UTC on the26th, the cold front extendedalong 31N 50W-25N 60W to theWindward Passage. Winds haddecreased below gale force,although 20-30 kt winds continuedacross the western Atlantic foranother day.

Atlantic Gale Center and ColdFront December 29-30: OnDecember 27 a low pressuresystem developed over the north-western Gulf of Mexico. The lowand associated cold front movedeast and by 1200 UTC December28 the low, then of 1007 mb, wasjust south of the Florida Pan-handle with a trailing cold frontextending southwestward to nearVeracruz. The low continued tostrengthen and by 0000 UTCDecember 29, a 1002 mb galecenter was just east of Jackson-ville with a cold front extendingacross central Florida to theYucatan Peninsula. At 0600 UTC,




April 2001 61

buoy 41010 reported 35 kt windswhile the Hamane Spirit(C6OT5) encountered 40 kt windsand 4 m (14 ft) seas near 29N75W. At 1200 UTC December 29,the gale center was near 31N 67Wand the cold front trailed to centralCuba. An 1104 UTC QuikScatoverpass indicated a large area of30-40 kt winds north of 28N westof the cold front to 78N. At 1200UTC the Federal Saguenay(8PNQ) reported 35 knot windsnear 32N 70W. By 0000 UTCDecember 30, the gale center wasnorth of 31N with the cold frontextending through 31N 60W to theWindward Passage. The area ofgales was located north of 28Neast of the front to 55W. At 0600UTC December 30, the area ofgales moved north of 31N. How-ever, northerly swells of 3-3.5 m(9-12 ft) continued for another 12to 24 hours across the westernAtlantic.

2. Eastern Pacific

Gulf of Tehuantepec: Seven Gulfof Tehuantepec gale eventsoccurred during the period. Thefirst event occurred in earlyOctober with four events occur-ring in December, including onevery prolonged event. The galeevents were verified by SpecialSensor Microwave/Imager(SSM/I) and QuikScat data andoccasionally by ship reports.

The first Gulf of Tehuantepec galeevent began at 0600 UTC October9 and was due to the strong earlyseason cold front over the Gulf of

Mexico (see above). The Mercury(3FFC7) observed 34 kt winds at1200 UTC October 10. The galeevent lasted over two days andended at 1800 UTC October 11.

The next two events occurred inNovember with the first onebeginning at 0600 UTC November20. This event may have been ashort-lived storm event, as at 0000UTC November 22 the HannoverExpress (DEHZ) reported 50 ktwinds near 14N 96W. QuikScatdata from near that time alsoindicated winds to near stormforce in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.The Zim Japan (4XGV) encoun-tered 35 kt winds at 1200 UTCNovember 22. The gale eventended at 0000 UTC November 23.The last event in November beganat 1200 UTC November 30 andended at 1800 UTC December 1.No ship reports of gale forcewinds were received. However, aQuikScat overpass shortly before0000 UTC December 1 detectedwinds of 30-35 kt.

A five-and-a-half-day Gulf ofTehuantepec gale event occurredin early December. The prolongedevent began at 0000 UTC Decem-ber 3 and ended at 1200 UTCDecember 8. The LAGX4 (nameunknown) observed 40 kt winds at1800 UTC December 2, and theCentury Highway No. 1 (3FFJ4)encountered 38 kt winds near 14N95W at 0000 UTC December 8.Three additional Gulf ofTehuantepec gale events occurredlater in December with the firstbeginning at 1800 UTC December17 and ending at 1200 UTCDecember 18. The next event



started at 1800 UTC December 19and ended at 0000 UTC December21. During this event, the V2PC1(name unknown) reported 31 ktwinds at both 1200 and 1800 UTCDecember 20. The last eventbegan at 0600 UTC December 30and ended at 1800 UTC December31. During this event, the ZimAsia (4XFB) encountered 35 ktwinds at 1200 UTC December 31.

IV. The 2001 HurricaneSeason

The 2001 hurricane season beginsin the eastern Pacific on May 15and in the Atlantic on June 1. Bothseasons run through November 30.The names for this season’s stormswill include:

Atlantic Eastern Pacific

Allison AdolphBarry BarbaraChantal CosmeDean DalilaErin ErickFelix FlossieGabrielle GilHumberto HenrietteIris IsraelJerry JulietteKaren KikoLorenzo LorenaMichelle ManuelNoel NardaOlga OctavePablo PriscillaRebekah RaymondSebastien SoniaTanya TicoVan VelmaWendy Wallis

XinaYorkZeldah



NOAA climate specialistsare watching oceantemperatures warm off the

coast of South America. Suchwarm water temperatures some-times signal the onset of the globalclimate pattern called El Niño.Despite the warmer water, LaNiña conditions are still dominat-ing the global climate. La Niña isexpected to weaken, however, andis not expected to significantlyaffect the weather this spring overNorth America. “Brief periods ofwarmer coastal waters do notnecessarily indicate an El Niño,”said NOAA’s Climate PredictionCenter research meteorologistVernon Kousky.

According to Kousky, watertemperatures along the coasts of

Coastal Waters Warm, but La Niña Still Lingers

Carmeyia GillisOffice of Public AffairsNOAA Climate Prediction Center

Ecuador and northern Peru aretypically at their warmest duringthe months of March and April.While water temperatures of thisregion have recently risen abovenormal, subsurface ocean tempera-tures remain near or belownormal. Ocean surface winds willincrease over the next severalweeks, cooling the surface watertemperatures again.

“El Niño, as the term is usedtoday, reflects a warming ofwaters in the equatorial Pacificfrom the South American coastwestward to near Indonesia,” saidKousky. “It is this warming thatcauses changes in the jet streams,resulting in significant shifts inweather patterns worldwide.”

El Niño can cause increasedrainfall and destructive flooding inthe southern tier of the U.S.,throughout most of Indonesia, andin coastal sections of northernPeru and Ecuador. Other areas,such as northeast Brazil, southernAfrica, northeastern Australia andHawaii, experience reducedrainfall and even drought duringEl Niño. Global weather patternsassociated with El Niño impactevery phase of human existence,including agriculture, transporta-tion, construction, heating andcooling, and water supply.

For more information visit theNOAA El Niño web site at:www.elnino. noaa.gov.h

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La Niña conditions on April 7, 2001.


Coastal Forecast Office News

It is two a.m. You are assigned themidnight to four watch with thewind, weather, and seas intensify-ing. Oh, and the coffee is cold too.One of your duties is to take aweather observation. Yeah, right,you have all the time in the worldand the ship’s master wants you togo out in the horizontal, freezingrain to boot. Life is so grand attimes, isn’t it? Well, your effortdoes not go unnoticed or unappre-ciated. This story is about howone single, solitary observationwas instrumental in the develop-ment of a high sea warning thathelped the Washington Statecoastline get prepared.

On February 1, 2001, the CenturyHighway No. 2 (3EJB9) waslocated at 43.2N 141.6W, justsouth of a strong surface low-pressure center. Their 1800 UTCobservation reported surfacewinds from 260 degrees at 55knots. This was a key report, as it

It Only Takes One

Robert A. LukeVOS Program Leader

Allen KamNational Weather Service OfficeSeattle, Washington

was just south of the strong low(976 hectopascals [hPa]) centeredat 46N 141W. The area to theimmediate south and southwest ofthe low was of prime interest,because the Aviation ForecastModel had predicted the strongestpressure gradient in this area andindicated low level winds around50 knots. Furthermore, NOAA’swave forecast model, theWaveWatch III, initialized by theAviation Model, had used the 50knot wind forecast to build aheavy west swell that was forecastto reach the Washington coastwithin 30 hours, before 0000 UTCFebruary 3.

Without the accurate truth fromships and buoys reporting in, theforecast model predictions can beoff. Your observations are acritical tool forecasters use to givethem complete confidence in themodel’s solution.

That 1800 UTC observation takenand transmitted by the crew of theCentury Highway No. 2 wascrucial. It supported the forecastmodel’s solution, enabling theSeattle National Weather ServiceOffice Forecasters to put up aHeavy Surf Advisory for theWashington Coast and add highseas to the Coastal Marine Fore-cast for Friday, February 2. Thisforecast was issued at 2230 UTCon February 1, just four and onehalf-hours past the observationtime. The highest seas measuredon the Washington Coast were23.3 feet at the Columbia RiverBuoy (46029) and 23.2 feet at theGrays Harbor Wave RiderBuoy. Both of these readings wereat 00Z on February 3, or 4 p.m.PST Friday, February 2.

Thanks go out to the master andcrew of the Century HighwayNo. 2.

Press on with Style!

April 2001 65


The Century Highway No. 2.



Kodiak was the “A Division” Station of the monthfor March 2001 with a

score of 6,030 points. Kodiak hadthe most BBXX observationstransmitted in Alaska with 420,the most marine briefings with843. Kodiak made six ship visits.Juneau was the “A Division”second place site with a score of2,330 points. Juneau had threeship visits and 192 BBXX obser-vations. The Juneau staff hasrecently created software thatconverts a plain language e-mailship observation into a codedBBXX message. The e-mailmessage from the ship does haveto be in a specific format. Earlytests of this new method haveshown excellent results. Cold Baywas the “A Division” third rankedstation with two ship visits and485 marine briefings, for a scoreof 1,910 points.

In the “B Division,” AlaskaRegion Headquarters led the way

March 2001 Alaska Marine Services Report

with seven ship visits for a scoreof 1,400 points. St. Paul was closebehind in second place with twoship visits and a score of 1,335points. Barrow was the fist placesite in the “C Division” with ascore of 476 points. Barrow hasthe most BBXX observationstransmitted in the C Division with32. These came from their 06Zscan of e-mail ship observations.Kotzebue checks the e-mail OBSat 18Z, and Kodiak still transmitsthe observations from 00Z and12Z. WFO Anchorage was thesecond ranked C Division sitewith a score of 433 points. Theyhad their highest score of the yearon the strength of Mike Ford’sship visits to the Tustumena andBartlett to check and repair theirF420 wind systems.

After the first three months of2001, the Alaska Marine Divisionleaders are Kodiak, St. Paul, andBarrow. The Alaska Region HQ

and Kodiak are tied with the mostship visits with 14. Kodiak hastransmitted the most BBXX with1,181 followed by Juneau with528. Kodiak has the highestnumber of marine briefings with2,402, followed by Cold Bay with1,445.

The Crowley tug Warrior trans-mitted the most observations forMarch with 83. For this year sofar, the SeaBulk Montana has themost BBXX observations with206. With this report, I have alsoadded Alaska ships that transmittheir observations via Code 41satellite. Here are the Top 5Alaskan vessels so far this year:

January - March 2001BBXX

Seabulk Montana 206Arctic Sun 187Warrior 182CSX Anchorage 151CSX Tacoma 138h

April 2001 67


Captain Jim Faria of the Crowley Tug Warriorreceiving the Alaska Marine “Award of Excellence”while in port in Anchorage Alaska on December 22,2000. The Warrior had the highest total of AlaskaBBXX observations for the month of November2000 with 54. Most all of these were sent to AlaskaWSO’s via e-mail.

The Crowley Tug Guardian (pictured below) waspresented with a Special Achievement Award for2000 while in port in Anchorage on January 31,2001. They had the third highest total ofobservations taken in Alaskan waters with 261.Pictured from left to right are 1st Mate Nate Collarand Captain Richard Swain.


VOS Program

Robert LukeNew VOS Program Lead

Robert Luke has assumed theduties as the new VoluntaryObserving Ship (VOS) ProgramLeader, which has been relocatedto the National Data Buoy Center(NDBC) at Stennis Space Center,Mississippi. “Luke” has extensiveknowledge and experience fromover 20 years as a Chief Meteo-rologist in the U.S. Navy. Luke’svarious tours included Misawa,Japan; Brunswick, Maine; PortHueneme, California; OperationDeep Freeze Winter Over Party atMcMurdo Station, Antarctica;Christchurch, New Zealand; USSCoral Sea; Barbers Point, Hawaii;USS Kitty Hawk; Pre-Commis-sioning Unit George Washington;USS George Washington; andthe Naval Oceanographic Office(NAVOCEANO). AtNAVOCEANO, Luke was respon-sible for the entire Navy andMarine Corps meteorology andoceanography training materialguidelines and requirements. Lukehas extensive experience incomputer-based training (CBT)

VOS Program Selects New Leaders

development, computer operationsand network configuration,curriculum development, andtechnical writing gained from hisduties while in the Navy and afterleaving the uniform behind. As acivilian, he worked for LockheedMartin and Science and Engineer-ing Associates, as a Senior Train-ing Development Specialist, andalso JD Edwards as a TechnicalTrainer before returning to his realcalling of “Marine Meteorology.”

As VOS Program Leader, Lukewill be responsible for program-matic and logistical managementof the VOS program. Luke’sduties include supporting the PortMeteorological Officers (PMOs)in supplies and equipment, liaisonwith shipping firms, governmentagencies, and the World Meteoro-logical Organization’s VOSProgram member countries. Anadditional full-time duty is as theEditorial Supervisor of the Mari-ners Weather Log magazine.

Besides spending over half his lifeat sea or supporting those whowere, Luke still finds time toindulge in another favorite pas-time–Scouting. Over the decades,Luke has been an assistant Scout-master with Boy Scout troops inJapan, New Zealand, Maine, andHawaii. For the past several years,Luke has become the Cubmasterof the local Cub Scout Pack in histown of Poplarville, Mississippi(pop. 2,000). He even assists his

wife as an assistant BrownieLeader. Luke believes if you arenot having fun at what you aredoing, you are not doing it right.

Dave McShaneNew VOS Technical Leader

Dave McShane was selected as theVOS Program Technical Leader atthe National Weather Services’sNDBC in January 2001. Davecame to the VOS program with 29years of experience in all facets ofmeteorology and oceanography.

Dave retired from the Navy in1993 after serving for 22 years. Hebegan his military career as anelectronics technician with theearly Polaris Fleet BallisticMissile Submarine program. Hewas commissioned after complet-ing his B.S. degree and returned tothe submarine community as aTrident I Backfit Weapons Officer.He served as staff oceanographer,Deputy Operations and Plans andSpecial Projects officer for


April 2001 69

VOS Program

VOS ProgramContinued from Page 68

Front Row: Steve Cook - Global Ocean Observing Systems, Capt. E.J. O’Sullivan -Met Office UK, Bob Webster - Los Angeles, Jim Nelson - Houston, Amy Seeley -Chicago, Bob Drummond - Miami, Melinda Bailey - Southern Region, GeorgeSmith - ClevelandMiddle Row: Jack Warrelmann - New Orleans, Pat Brandow - Seattle, RobertLuke - NDBC, Pete Gibino - Norfolk, Tim Rulon - NWS Headquarters, JimSaunders - BaltimoreBack Row: Dave McShane - NDBC, Tim Kenefick - New York, Bob Novak -Oakland, Larry Cain - Jacksonville, Glenn Rasch - Western Region, Ron Fordyce -Met Canada, Sergio Marsh - Eastern Region(Not pictured: Tom Townsend - Central Region)

Submarine Development Group 1prior to his assignment as ChiefEngineer and Navigation andOperations Officer on one of thelast remaining diesel submarines.Dave surfaced and upon comple-tion of Naval Postgraduate Schoolwas Commander of Oceano-graphic Unit 2 (embarked inUSNS Dutton) and Oceano-graphic Unit 4 (embarked inUSNS Chauvenet) during DesertShield and Desert Storm, prior tobeing assigned as Deputy Directorof the Naval Oceanographic andAtmospheric Research Laboratory(Atmospheric Directorate) inMonterey, California. He subse-quently was assigned as theDirector of the Basic Oceanogra-phy Accession Training Programwithin the Naval OceanographicOffice (NAVOCEANO). Immedi-ately following his departure fromactive military service, Dave heldthe position of operational ocean-ographer with the NAVOCEANO.

In the private sector, Dave servedas Senior Automated SurfaceObserving Systems (ASOS)Observer and regional humanresources director for a govern-ment contractor and data analyst;and forecaster for two governmentcontractors working on thetechnical services contract withthe NDBC.

As VOS Technical ProgramLeader, Dave will be responsiblefor management of the VOSdatabase, will serve as NationalWeather Service (NWS) focalpoint for the Shipboard Environ-

mental Acquisition System(SEAS), will manage the VOScommunications, and will partici-pate in various national andinternational efforts to automateship observations. Dave’s phonenumber and email address are(228) 688-1768 [email protected].

Dave holds a B.S. from AuburnUniversity, an MBA from Na-tional University, and an M.S. inMeteorology and Physical Ocean-ography from the Naval Post-graduate School.h

Port MeteorologicalOfficers AnnualWorkshop

The annual Port MeteorologicalOfficer (PMO) Workshop washosted by the National Data BuoyCenter (NDBC) at Stennis SpaceCenter, Mississippi, on March 12-15, 2001. This was a time wherethe PMOs could gather, meet thenew VOS national program officeleads, exchange ideas and gener-ally tell the “new guys” how itreally works.h


AGULHAS 3ELE9 NEW YORK GULF & ATLANTIC MARITIME SERVICE, INC. BALTIMORE, MD

ALASKA MARINER WSM5364 WESTERN TOWBOAT CO. ANCHORAGE, AK

APL TURQUOISE 9VVY AMERICIAN SHIP MANAGEMENT SAN FRANCISCO, CA

ARCTIC BEAR WBP3396 BERING MARING CORPORATION KODIAK, AK

ATLANTIC FOREST ELTN8 FOREST LINES NEW ORLEANS, LA

AUCKLAND STAR C6KV2 ASSOCIATED STEAMSHIP AGENTS BALTIMORE, MD

BLARNEY WBP4766 SOUTHCOAST INC. KODIAK, AK

CARNIVAL VICTORY 3FFL8 CARNIVAL CRUISE LINE MIAMI, FL

CAROLINE MAERSK OZWA2 MAERSK PACIFIC LTD SEATTLE, WA

CARSTEN MAERSK OZYB2 MAERSK PACIFIC LTD SEATTLE, WA

CAVALIER WBN5983 CROWLEY MARINE SERVICES ANCHORAGE, AK

CF CAMPBELL WCT3784 CAMPBELL TOWING KODIAK, AK

CHASTINE MAERSK OZZB2 MAERSK PACIFIC LTD. SEATTLE, WA

CHIQUITA BELGIE C6KD7 GREAT WHITE FLEET - CHIQUITA CENTER BALTIMORE, MD

CHIQUITA DEUTSCHLAND C6KD8 GREAT WHITE FLEET - CHIQUITA CENTER BALTIMORE, MD

CHIQUITA NEDERLAND C6KD6 GREAT WHITE FLEET - CHIQUITA CENTER BALTIMORE, MD

CHIQUITA SCANDINAVIA C6KD4 GREAT WHITE FLEET - CHIQUITA CENTER BALTIMORE, MD

CHIQUITA SCHWEIZ C6KD9 GREAT WHITE FLEET - CHIQUITA CENTER BALTIMORE, MD

CHOYANG PARK 3FQR8 INCHCAPE SHIPPING SERVICES NORFOLK, VA

CLIFFORD MAERSK OYRO2 MAERSK PACIFIC LTD SEATTLE, WA

COASTAL NAVIGATOR WCY9686 COASTAL TRANSPORTATION INC. SEATTLE, WA

COASTAL NOMAD WSK2703 COASTAL TRANSPORTATION INC. KODIAK, AK

CONTSHIP WASHINGTON ELVZ5 INCHCAPE SHIPPING SERVICES NORFOLK, VA

CORNELIUS MAERSK OYTN2 MAERSK PACIFIC LTD SEATTLE, WA

COUGAR ACE 9VKE INCHCAPE SHIPPING SERVICES NORFOLK, VA

CRIMSON GALAXY 3FIQ6 LAVINO SHIPPING AGENCIES NORFOLK, VA

DAGNEY WX8482A WARDS COVE PACKING CO. KODIAK, AK

DIANE H. WUR7250 BOYER ALASKA BARGE LINES KODIAK, AK

DIRECT JABIRU ELYJ9 INCHAPE SHIPPING SERVICES SAN FRANCISCO, CA

EVERETT EXPRESS DPGD INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING CO. SEATTLE, WA

EXPLORER OF THE SEAS ELWX5 RCCL MIAMI, FL

FAIRBANKS WGWB PORT METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE LOS ANGELES, CA

FISHHAWK WRB5085 COOK INLET TUG AND BARGE KODIAK, AK

GENE DUNLAP WAS2433 DUNLAP TOWING CO. ANCHORAGE, AK

GEORGIA RAINBOW II VRVS5 STEVENS SHIPPING CO. JACKSONVILLE, FL

GERMAN SENATOR ELPL3 DSR SENATOR LINE SEATTLE, WA

GITTQA OLDENDORF ELWO7 KERR NORTON MARINE NORFOLK, VA

GOLDEN LAKER 3FNQ6 SHINWA (USA) INC., NORFOLK, VA

GREAT BLESS VRVL3 BIEHL & CO. HOUSTON, TX

GUARDIAN WBO2511 CROWLEY MARINE SERVICES ANCHORAGE, AK

HANSEWALL V2AO3 INCHAPE SHIPPING SERVICES NORFOLK, VA

HUAL TRANSPORTER C6QO3 HOEGH FLEET SERVICE AS JACKSONVILLE, FL

INDAMEX MISSISSIPPI ZDDT5 INCHCAPE SHIPPING SERVICES NORFOLK, VA

INTEGRITY WNHL MARITRANS INC BALTIMORE, MD

ISLAND CHAMPION WCZ7046 ISLAND TUG AND BARGE CO. ANCHORAGE, AK

JOHN BRIX WCY7560 SEA COAST TOWING INC. KODIAK, AK

KAPITAN AFANASYEV UFIL FESCO AGENCIES N.A., INC SEATTLE, WA

LEON P3TG6 T. PARKER HOST INC., WORLD TRADE CTR., SUITE 820 NORFOLK, VA

LOIS H. WTD4576 BOYER ALASKA BARGE LINES KODIAK, AK

LT CAMPBELL WBD5759 CAMPBELL TOWING KODIAK, AK

LYKES EAGLE ELOY6 STRACHAN SHIPPING CO. HOUSTON, TX

National Weather Service Voluntary Observing Ship Program

New Recruits from September 1, 2000 through March 31, 2001

NAME OF SHIP CALL AGENT NAME RECRUITING PMO


VOS Program

April 2001 71

LYKES MOTIVATOR KUS1105 STRACHAN SHIPPING CO. HOUSTON, TX

M/V SAFMARINE INFANTA V7CN8 JOHN S. CONNOR, INC BALTIMORE, MD

MAERSK TEXAS WCX3249 M/V MAERSK TEXAS MIAMI, FL

MAERSK WIND S6TY WILHELMSEN WILHELMSEN LINES (USA) INC BALTIMORE, MD

MAHEGA IR4009 DR. RICCARDO VANNUCCI NORFOLK, VA

MALOLO WYH6327 DUNLAP TOWING COMPANY KODIAK, AK

MARIA ANGELICOUSSIS C6FP2 CHEVRON SHIPPING CO. HOUSTON, TX

MARION GREEN PIAN CAPEES SHIPPING AGENCIES, INC. NORFOLK, VA

MICHAEL O’LEARY WCP9556 DUNLAP TOWING CO KODIAK, AK

MSC REGINA 3FGF9 MEDITERRANEAN SHIPPING CO. NORFOLK, VA

NORMAN S. WCW7514 ISLAND TUG AND BARGE CO. ANCHORAGE, AK

NORTHERN SPIRIT WAQ2746 PETRO MARINE SERVICES KODIAK, AK

OCEAN MARINER WCF3990 WESTERN TOWBOAT CO. ANCHORAGE, AK

OCEAN NAVIGATOR WSC2552 WESTERN TOWBOAT CO, ANCHORAGE, AK

OCEAN RANGER WAM7635 WESTERN TOWBOAT CO. ANCHORAGE, AK

OCEANBREEZE ELLY4 PREMIER CRUISE LINE MIAMI, FL

PACIFIC MERCHANT ELXR8 PORT METEOROLOGICAL OFFICER HOUSTON, TX

PACIFIC PRIDE WCN4995 PACIFIC PRIDE KODIAK, AK

PAN ATLANTIC ELYJ7 T. PARKER HOST, INC. _PH: 757-627-6286 NORFOLK, VA

PATRIOT WDA2500 UNITED STATES LINES SEATTLE, WA

REDFIN WTP2735 WESTERN PIONEER SHIPPING KODIAK, AK

SAG RIVER WLDF SABINE TRANSPORT HOUSTON, TX

SAGA SPRAY VRRW5 CAROLINA SHIPPING CO. JACKSONVILLE, FL

SAMSON MARINER WCN3586 SAMSON TUG AND BARGE KODIAK, AK

SAUDI HOFUF HZZC BIEHL & CO. HOUSTON, TX

SEA CHEETAH V2PM9 INCHAPE SHIPPING SERVICES NORFOLK, VA

SEA FLYER WBL8673 CROWLEY MARINE SERVICES KODIAK, AK

SEA PANTHER DQVF INCHCAPE SHIPPING SERVICES NORFOLK, VA

SEA RANGER WBM8733 CROWLEY MARINE SERVICES ANCHORAGE, AK

SEA VALIANT WBN9213 CROWLEY MARINE SERVICES ANCHORAGE, AK

SEA VIKING WCE8951 CROWLEY MARINE SERVICES ANCHORAGE, AK

SEABULK MONTANA WCW9126 CISPRI ANCHORAGE, AK

SEALAND PRIDE WDA3673 MAERSK SEALAND MARINE DEPT. HOUSTON, TX

SENECA WBN8469 CROWLEY MARINE SERVICES ANCHORAGE, AK

SIKU WCQ6174 CROWLEY MARINE SERVICES KODIAK, AK

SINE MAERSK OZOK2 MAERSK PACIFIC LTD SEATTLE, WA

SINUK WCQ8110 CROWLEY MARINE SERVICES KODIAK, AK

SNOHOMISH WSQ8098 DUNLAP TOWING COMPANY ANCHORAGE, AK

ST. LUCY ELPO3 CAPES SHIPPING AGENCIES, INC. NORFOLK, VA

STAR EAGLE LAWO2 A/S BILLABONG BALTIMORE, MD

STAR FLORIDA LAVW4 STAR SHIPPING (NY) INC HOUSTON, TX

SWAN ARROW C6CN8 UNITED SHIP MANAGEMENT, LTD BALTIMORE, MD

TARAGO LAPN5 WILHELMSEN WALLENIUS LINES NEW YORK CITY, NY

TATNUCK WBY2415 SEACOAST TOWING KODIAK, AK

TAURUS WYH6499 DUNLAP TOWING COMPANY KODIAK, AK

TELLUS WRYG C/O PACIFIC GULF MARINE BALTIMORE, MD

TMM VERACRUZ V2PC4 PORT METEOROLOGICAL OFFICER HOUSTON, TX

TRIUMPH ACE H3CB INTERNATIONAL MARINE TRANSPORT CO., LTD SEATTLE, WA

USCGC OSPREY WPB-87307 NBRF P.O. BOX 582 SEATTLE, WA

USNS MENDONCA NBMK USNS MENDONCA NEW ORLEANS, LA

USNS SHASTA TAE-33 NRNC FPO AP 96678-4042 SEATTLE, WA

USNS TIPPECANOE (TAO-199) NTIP COMMANDING OFFICER SEATTLE, WA

VICE PRESIDENT - GULF PORTS MMP1 CAPT. ROBERT H. GROH HOUSTON, TX

WAYNE FARTHING MMP2 WAYNE FARTHING HOUSTON, TX

WESTERN MARINER WRB9690 WESTERN TOWBOAT CO. ANCHORAGE, AK

WESTERN NAVIGATOR WAX7602 WESTERN TOWBOAT COMPANY INC. ANCHORAGE, AK

WESTERN RANGER WBN3008 WESTERN TOWBOAT COMPANY INC. ANCHORAGE, AK

WESTERN TITAN WCX4599 WESTERN TOWBOAT CO. ANCHORAGE, AK

NAME OF SHIP CALL AGENT NAME RECRUITING PMO

VOS Program


VOS Program

These photos were taken last year in a North Atlantic storm at approximately 48N 50W by the SealandPerformance (KRPD). The seas were running 20 to 24 feet with a sustained wind of 40+ knots.

April 2001 73

VOS Program

VOS Program Awards and Presentations Gallery

The Rubin Kobe was one of the shipsrecognized in 1999 by the VOS program forsuperior performance. Standing left to right isthe Second Officer Gorgohio Gemal, ChiefOfficer Henry Cuevas, and Captain RogelioJalit. Standing in the background is PatBrandow, PMO Seattle.

Here is a picture of the Dunlap Tug Snohomish while in port in Anchorage on January 8, 2001. The Snohomishtook 169 weather observations during the year 2000 and was registered for the National Weather Service VOSprogram in October 2000. Captain John Larson is shown receiving the VOS program plaque.

Award presentation for Sol Do Brasil. Picturedare Captain Bernd Karsten Springer, PMO JimSaunders (Baltimore), and 3/O Julio Pesantes LaHoz.


VOS Program

NOAA Ship Oregon II (call sign WTDO)receives a VOS award. Pictured left to rightare New Orleans PMO Jack Warrelmann,Master Jim Rowe, OPS Officer Jesse Stark,3rd Mate Dave Nelson, and Nav OfficerNick Toth.

A VOS award was prsented to M/V LibertyStar (call sign WCBP). Pictured from left toright are New Orleans PMO JackWarrelmann, Chief Mate Bruce L. Oberg,and Captain Kevin J. McKenna.

Baltimore PMO Jim Saunders made a VOSaward presentation to the Frances L.Pictured left to right are C/O A.C. Gatoula,Captain Wilson, and 3/O Guilleruo.

April 2001 75

VOS Cooperative Ship Reports

VOS Coop Ship Reports � September through December 2000

The National Climatic Data Center compiles the tables for the VOS Cooperative Ship Report from radiomessages. The values under the monthly columns represent the number of weather reports received. PortMeteorological Officers supply ship names to the NCDC. Comments or questions regarding this report shouldbe directed to NCDC, Climate DataDivision, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801, Attention: StuartHinson (828-271-4437 or [email protected]).

SHIP NAME CALL PORT SEP OCT NOV DEC TOTAL


1ST LT BALDOMERO LOPEZ WJKV Jacksonville 41 0 14 32 871ST LT JACK LUMMUS WJLV New York City 0 7 51 0 581ST LT. HARRY L. MARTIN NDFH Jacksonville 0 16 1 0 172ND LT. JOHN P. BOBO WJKH Norfolk 0 0 0 8 8A. V. KASTNER ZCAM9 Jacksonville 72 74 71 52 269AALSMEERGRACHT PCAM Long Beach 30 19 0 43 92ADVANTAGE WPPO Norfolk 35 37 40 0 112AGDLEK OUGV Miami 1 22 9 6 38AGNES FOSS WYZ3112 Seattle 0 9 9 10 28AL FUNTAS 9KKX Miami 0 0 0 11 11AL SAMIDOON 9KKF Houston 41 0 0 0 41ALBEMARLE ISLAND C6LU3 Newark 30 42 52 58 182ALBERNI DAWN ELAC5 Houston 34 10 17 31 92ALBLASGRACHT PCIG Houston 22 26 0 44 92ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLD Y3CW Miami 628 731 688 457 2504ALFAMAR TCYB Norfolk 1 1 0 0 2ALKMAN C6OG4 Houston 0 10 4 0 14ALLEGIANCE WSKD Norfolk 8 0 3 14 25ALLIANCA AMERICA DHGE Baltimore 1 2 7 10 20ALLIGATOR BRAVERY 3FXX4 Oakland 57 60 56 45 218ALLIGATOR COLUMBUS 3ETV8 Seattle 47 52 47 23 169ALLIGATOR FORTUNE ELFK7 Seattle 6 7 4 2 19ALLIGATOR GLORY ELJP2 Seattle 32 36 38 4 110ALLIGATOR LIBERTY JFUG Seattle 66 61 46 55 228ALMA ELPN5 New York City 1 0 0 0 1ALPENA WAV4647 Cleveland 10 11 10 1 32ALTAIR DBBI Miami 595 647 578 497 2317AMBASSADOR BRIDGE 3ETH9 Oakland 48 66 69 66 249AMERICA WCY2883 New York City 41 45 21 1 108AMERICA FEEDER ELUZ8 Miami 3 1 0 12 16AMERICA STAR GZKA Houston 67 91 77 40 275AMERICAN MARINER WQZ7791 Cleveland 20 25 32 11 88AMERICAN MERLIN WRGY Norfolk 0 52 37 38 127ANASTASIS 9HOZ Miami 7 16 17 0 40ANATOLIY KOLESNICHENKO UINM Seattle 0 14 17 31 62ANKERGRACHT PCQL Baltimore 50 32 30 46 158APL CHINA S6TA Seattle 58 43 43 31 175APL GARNET 9VVN Oakland 31 26 43 22 122APL JAPAN S6TS Seattle 44 51 44 36 175APL KOREA WCX8883 Seattle 10 24 60 41 135APL PHILIPPINES WCX8884 Seattle 43 60 23 12 138APL SINGAPORE WCX8812 Seattle 61 51 32 53 197APL THAILAND WCX8882 Seattle 21 24 29 9 83APL TOURMALINE 9VVP Oakland 63 54 64 42 223APL TURQUOISE 9VVY Oakland 0 0 33 37 70APOLLOGRACHT PCSV Baltimore 20 63 30 37 150AQUARIUS ACE 3FHB8 New York City 89 98 110 95 392ARCO ALASKA KSBK Long Beach 10 14 7 10 41ARCO CALIFORNIA WMCV Long Beach 5 2 8 13 28ARCO FAIRBANKS WGWB Long Beach 0 4 5 0 9ARCO INDEPENDENCE KLHV Long Beach 12 2 2 0 16ARCO JUNEAU KSBG Seattle 0 13 6 34 53ARCO SAG RIVER WLDF Long Beach 1 0 0 0 1ARCO TEXAS KNFD Long Beach 8 12 7 9 36ARIES HARMONY 3FEY7 Seattle 6 7 12 6 31ARINA ARCTICA OVYA2 Miami 52 45 59 43 199


Continued from Page 75




ARISO 3FHJ6 Seattle 59 71 66 39 235ARKTIS FUTURE OXUF2 Miami 22 58 64 11 155ARMCO WE6279 Cleveland 0 3 11 1 15AROSIA V2SB New Orleans 65 21 0 0 86ARTHUR M. ANDERSON WE4805 Chicago 56 38 66 39 199ASTORIA BRIDGE ELJJ5 Long Beach 25 14 0 12 51ATLANTIC 3FYT Miami 191 221 213 194 819ATLANTIC CARTIER C6MS4 Norfolk 8 20 18 19 65ATLANTIC COMPANION SKPE Newark 26 21 26 42 115ATLANTIC COMPASS SKUN Norfolk 29 21 40 36 126ATLANTIC CONVEYOR C6NI3 Norfolk 27 28 23 19 97ATLANTIC FOREST ELTN8 New Orleans 0 0 0 9 9ATLANTIC OCEAN C6T2064 Newark 32 37 17 4 90ATLANTIS KAQP New Orleans 6 20 9 9 44AUCKLAND STAR C6KV2 Baltimore 63 28 32 23 146BARBARA ANDRIE WTC9407 Chicago 30 21 24 14 89BARRINGTON ISLAND C6QK Miami 55 41 43 41 180BAY BRIDGE ELES7 Long Beach 16 29 20 21 86BELLONA 3FEA4 Jacksonville 0 21 1 0 22BERNARDO QUINTANA A C6KJ5 New Orleans 34 63 59 44 200BESIRE KALKAVAN TCAO New York City 0 1 0 16 17BLACKHAWK WBN2081 Seattle 4 0 0 5 9BLUE GEMINI 3FPA6 Seattle 0 14 5 0 19BLUE HAWK D5HZ Norfolk 0 18 16 24 58BLUE NOVA 3FDV6 Seattle 25 30 0 0 55BOHEME SIVY New York City 0 0 42 59 101BONN EXPRESS DGNB Houston 675 732 689 719 2815BOSPORUS BRIDGE 3FMV3 Oakland 0 58 53 47 158BP ADMIRAL ZCAK2 Houston 1 70 46 23 140BRIGHT PHOENIX DXNG Seattle 30 58 38 55 181BRIGHT STATE DXAC Seattle 0 0 29 12 41BRITISH ADVENTURE ZCAK3 Seattle 0 53 46 31 130BRITISH HAWK ZCBK6 New Orleans 0 0 0 1 1BROOKLYN BRIDGE 3EZJ9 Oakland 55 41 83 32 211BUCKEYE WAQ3520 Cleveland 13 4 0 0 17BURNS HARBOR WQZ7049 Chicago 68 84 73 68 293CALCITE II WB4520 Chicago 3 0 0 0 3CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY 3FHQ4 Seattle 3 13 3 0 19CALIFORNIA JUPITER ELKU8 Long Beach 42 60 55 33 190CALIFORNIA MERCURY JGPN Seattle 17 29 30 14 90CAPE MAY JBCN Norfolk 2 0 0 0 2CAPE ROGER VCBT Norfolk 0 1 0 1 2CAPRICORN PDAY Baltimore 25 10 22 11 68CAPT STEVEN L BENNETT KAXO New Orleans 19 27 36 6 88CARIBBEAN MERCY 3FFU4 Miami 3 41 0 0 44CARNIVAL PARADISE 3FOB5 Miami 35 29 34 22 120CARNIVAL VICTORY 3FFL8 Miami 0 16 10 0 26CAROLINA WYBI Jacksonville 26 25 15 0 66CASON J. CALLAWAY WE4879 Chicago 17 10 10 11 48CELEBRATION H3GQ New Orleans 13 8 9 14 44CENTURY HIGHWAY #2 3EJB9 Long Beach 18 17 20 28 83CENTURY HIGHWAY NO. 1 3FFJ4 Houston 34 21 36 23 114CENTURY HIGHWAY_NO. 3 8JNP Houston 17 17 25 38 97CENTURY LEADER NO. 1 3FBI6 Houston 40 50 45 44 179CGM RENOIR ELVZ8 Norfolk 2 0 0 0 2CHANG-LIN TIEN C6FE6 Oakland 22 13 29 8 72CHARLES E. WILSON WZE4539 Cleveland 19 7 6 5 37CHARLES ISLAND C6JT Miami 62 38 20 38 158CHARLES L. BROWN KNCZ Jacksonville 1 2 22 0 25CHARLES M. BEEGHLEY WL3108 Cleveland 9 1 7 7 24CHELSEA KNCX Miami 14 0 0 0 14CHEMICAL PIONEER KAFO Houston 35 28 20 25 108CHERRY VALLEY WIBK Houston 46 31 16 18 111CHESAPEAKE BAY WMLH Houston 10 42 38 10 100CHESAPEAKE TRADER WGZK Houston 28 0 3 23 54CHEVRON ARIZONA KGBE Miami 14 6 0 18 38CHEVRON ATLANTIC C6KY3 New Orleans 0 0 9 35 44CHEVRON COLORADO KLHZ Oakland 4 4 0 1 9CHEVRON EMPLOYEE PRIDE C6MC5 Baltimore 28 64 16 0 108CHEVRON MISSISSIPPI WXBR Oakland 44 26 64 7 141CHEVRON PERTH C6KQ8 Oakland 63 74 33 50 220CHEVRON SOUTH AMERICA ZCAA2 New Orleans 9 8 32 23 72

April 2001 77





CHEVRON WASHINGTON KFDB Oakland 0 15 31 4 50CHIEF GADAO WEZD Oakland 20 14 27 31 92CHIQUITA BELGIE C6KD7 Baltimore 45 43 30 37 155CHIQUITA BREMEN ZCBC5 Miami 50 56 51 0 157CHIQUITA BRENDA ZCBE9 Miami 58 58 61 64 241CHIQUITA DEUTSCHLAND C6KD8 Baltimore 40 46 55 50 191CHIQUITA ELKESCHLAND ZCBB9 Miami 38 36 28 39 141CHIQUITA FRANCES ZCBD9 Miami 27 23 54 35 139CHIQUITA ITALIA C6KD5 Baltimore 46 25 44 45 160CHIQUITA JEAN ZCBB7 Jacksonville 66 73 73 49 261CHIQUITA JOY ZCBC2 Miami 40 44 24 36 144CHIQUITA NEDERLAND C6KD6 Baltimore 47 70 63 55 235CHIQUITA ROSTOCK ZCBD2 Miami 56 63 43 58 220CHIQUITA SCANDINAVIA C6KD4 Baltimore 58 41 47 26 172CHIQUITA SCHWEIZ C6KD9 Baltimore 46 48 52 60 206CHO YANG ATLAS DQVH Seattle 27 36 15 16 94CHOYANG PHOENIX P3ZY6 Norfolk 51 15 7 0 73CITY OF DURBAN GXIC Long Beach 83 88 49 52 272CLEVELAND KGXA Houston 21 31 16 7 75CLIFFORD MAERSK OYRO2 Seattle 0 0 25 0 25CMA CGM MONET ELRR6 New Orleans 25 60 67 53 205COASTAL MERCHANT WCV8696 Seattle 31 39 15 0 85COASTAL NAVIGATOR WCY9686 Seattle 0 0 0 1 1COASTAL SEA WCA7944 Seattle 2 2 1 4 9COLUMBIA BRIDGE ELXS4 Seattle 57 49 39 44 189COLUMBINE 3ELQ9 Baltimore 0 0 0 15 15COLUMBUS CANADA P3RD8 Norfolk 90 95 83 19 287COLUMBUS CANTERBURY ELUB8 Norfolk 31 46 53 56 186COLUMBUS VICTORIA P3RF8 Norfolk 0 0 0 26 26CONTSHIP AMERICA V7BZ3 Houston 59 10 0 0 69CONTSHIP ENDEAVOUR ZCBE7 Houston 21 20 16 16 73CONTSHIP SUCCESS ZCBE3 Houston 82 99 61 91 333CONTSHIP WASHINGTON ELVZ5 Norfolk 44 32 42 45 163CORAL HIGHWAY 3FEB5 Jacksonville 0 0 0 2 2CORAL SEA C6YW Miami 0 0 0 26 26CORMORANT ARROW C6IO9 Seattle 12 6 8 5 31CORNELIUS MAERSK OYTN2 Seattle 0 0 15 6 21CORWITH CRAMER WTF3319 Norfolk 2 6 7 12 27COSMIC MASTER DZJN Seattle 0 0 1 0 1COSMOWAY 3EVO3 Seattle 5 13 11 0 29COURIER KCBK Houston 28 45 14 25 112COURTNEY BURTON WE6970 Cleveland 11 21 7 5 44COURTNEY L ZCAQ8 Baltimore 33 29 21 17 100CROWLEY UNIVERSE ELRU3 Miami 2 23 33 16 74CROWN OF SCANDINAVIA OXRA6 Miami 51 44 43 39 177CSAV BRASILIA DGVS New York City 25 24 0 28 77CSL CABO D5XH Seattle 6 0 27 36 69CSS HUDSON CGDG Norfolk 61 7 82 11 161DAGMAR MAERSK DHAF New York City 19 30 68 14 131DAISHIN MARU 3FPS6 Seattle 59 97 70 61 287DANIA PORTLAND OXEH2 Miami 143 89 56 98 386DELAWARE BAY WMLG Houston 27 14 27 24 92DENALI WSVR Long Beach 25 15 19 18 77DIRECT FALCON ELWQ5 Long Beach 55 79 55 14 203DIRECT KOOKABURRA ELWB8 Long Beach 0 0 11 27 38DOCK EXPRESS 20 PJRF Baltimore 2 19 0 82 103DON QUIJOTE SFQP New York City 30 0 26 35 91DORTHE MAERSK DHPD New York City 0 2 22 20 44DORTHE OLDENDORFF ELXC4 Seattle 26 25 22 31 104DRAGOER MAERSK OXPW2 Long Beach 15 54 0 19 88DUHALLOW ZCBH9 Baltimore 35 104 57 52 248DUNCAN ISLAND C6JS Miami 12 1 23 20 56E.P. LE QUEBECOIS CG3130 Norfolk 208 228 73 0 509EASTERN BRIDGE C6JY9 Baltimore 47 46 4 16 113ECSTASY H3GR Miami 2 3 4 0 9EDELWEISS VRUM3 Seattle 8 6 17 4 35EDGAR B. SPEER WQZ9670 Chicago 54 54 84 80 272EDWIN H. GOTT WXQ4511 Chicago 5 15 21 12 53EDYTH L C6YC Baltimore 37 52 44 71 204EL MORRO KCGH Miami 9 15 17 10 51EL YUNQUE WGJT Jacksonville 83 63 33 35 214ELTON HOYT II WE3993 Cleveland 0 5 0 0 5






ENCHANTED ISLE 3FMG2 New Orleans 0 0 9 11 20ENCHANTMENT OF THE SEAS LAXA4 Miami 0 0 4 1 5ENDEAVOR WAUW New York City 19 37 21 44 121ENDURANCE WAUU New York City 18 24 39 3 84ENERGY ENTERPRISE WBJF Baltimore 0 0 0 1 1ENGLISH STAR C6KU7 Long Beach 76 79 79 68 302ENIF 9VVI Houston 18 27 6 12 63ENTERPRISE WAUY New York City 37 22 30 27 116EVER DECENT 3FUO7 New York City 12 8 8 3 31EVER DELIGHT 3FCB8 New York City 0 8 0 3 11EVER DELUXE 3FBE8 Norfolk 1 0 0 0 1EVER DEVOTE 3FIF8 New York City 0 5 0 1 6EVER DIADEM 3FOF8 New York City 0 9 15 10 34EVER GALLANT BKJN Norfolk 0 0 11 7 18EVER GENERAL BKHY Baltimore 4 1 0 0 5EVER GLOWING BKJZ Long Beach 8 10 17 4 39EVER GOVERN BKHN Seattle 0 2 0 0 2EVER GRADE 3FOW2 Seattle 0 3 7 0 10EVER LEVEL BKHJ Miami 0 0 0 16 16EVER LYRIC BKHI Long Beach 0 0 3 6 9EVER REFINE 3FSB4 New York City 0 15 0 10 25EVER RENOWN 3FFR4 Long Beach 9 4 3 7 23EVER RESULT 3FSA4 Norfolk 6 2 0 0 8EVER RIGHT 3FML3 Long Beach 10 2 0 0 12EVER ROUND 3FQN3 Long Beach 9 2 4 0 15EVER ULTRA 3FEJ6 Seattle 3 17 0 6 26EVER UNION 3FFG7 Seattle 9 6 12 11 38EVER UNISON 3FTL6 Long Beach 10 4 6 2 22EVERETT EXPRESS DPGD Seattle 29 79 75 16 199EXPLORER OF THE SEAS ELWX5 Miami 0 0 3 41 44FAIRLIFT PEBM Norfolk 0 35 30 2 67FANTAL MERCHANT ELXB6 Seattle 65 1 0 0 66FAUST WRYX Jacksonville 20 25 26 52 123FIDELIO WQVY Jacksonville 47 56 53 41 197FIGARO S6PI Newark 45 36 24 50 155FRANCES L C6YE Baltimore 27 38 43 66 174FRANK A. SHRONTZ C6PZ3 Oakland 46 28 12 0 86FRANKFURT EXPRESS 9VPP New York City 4 21 13 14 52GALVESTON BAY WPKD Houston 57 49 30 39 175GEETA VRUL7 New Orleans 3 0 0 0 3GEORGE A. SLOAN WA5307 Chicago 9 15 2 0 26GEORGE A. STINSON WCX2417 Cleveland 10 20 43 28 101GEORGE SCHULTZ C6FD4 Baltimore 1 0 12 4 17GEORGE WASHINGTON BRIDGE JKCF Seattle 44 51 59 41 195GEORGIA RAINBOW II VRVS5 Jacksonville 30 56 14 54 154GERD MAERSK OZNC2 New York City 0 0 29 4 33GINGA MARU JFKC Long Beach 0 0 65 80 145GLOBAL MARINER WWXA Baltimore 83 13 9 74 179GLOBAL SENTINEL WRZU Baltimore 83 68 57 20 228GLORIOUS SUCCESS DUHN Seattle 0 0 0 25 25GOLDEN GATE KIOH Long Beach 8 5 14 11 38GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE 3FWM4 Long Beach 79 77 84 96 336GOLDEN LAKER 3FNQ6 Norfolk 0 0 0 63 63GRANDEUR OF THE SEAS ELTQ9 Miami 0 8 5 4 17GREAT LAND WFDP Seattle 37 40 35 5 117GREEN COVE WCZ9380 Oakland 30 23 18 20 91GREEN DALE WCZ5238 Jacksonville 1 0 0 0 1GREEN ISLAND KIBK New Orleans 28 0 11 21 60GREEN LAKE KGTI Baltimore 69 59 60 72 260GREEN POINT WCY4148 New York City 0 14 26 35 75GREEN RAINIER 3ENI3 Seattle 28 30 5 0 63GREEN RIDGE WRYL Seattle 0 0 0 1 1GREENWICH MAERSK MZIF7 New York City 0 17 30 62 109GRETE MAERSK OZNF2 New York City 23 0 24 2 49GROTON KMJL Newark 0 4 38 37 79GUAYAMA WZJG Jacksonville 40 52 44 44 180GUDRUN MAERSK OZFQ2 New York City 6 34 23 4 67GYPSUM BARON ZCAN3 Norfolk 37 0 0 0 37HADERA ELBX4 Baltimore 2 30 52 22 106HANJIN KAOHSIUNG P3BN8 Seattle 0 0 3 20 23HANJIN KEELUNG P3VH7 Houston 6 4 0 0 10HANJIN NAGOYA 3FJW8 New York City 0 2 0 0 2

April 2001 79





HANJIN OSAKA 3EQD9 New York City 4 0 0 0 4HANJIN SHANGHAI 3FGI5 Newark 0 0 1 0 1HANSA LUBECK ELUC5 Long Beach 5 0 0 0 5HEAVEN RIVER ELVF6 Long Beach 0 21 92 58 171HEIDELBERG EXPRESS DEDI Houston 226 458 457 495 1636HENRY HUDSON BRIDGE JKLS Seattle 63 29 67 78 237HERBERT C. JACKSON WL3972 Cleveland 4 1 0 1 6HOEGH DUKE ELWP2 Norfolk 0 0 0 11 11HOEGH MINERVA LAGI5 Seattle 0 0 32 0 32HONG KONG SENATOR DEIP Seattle 14 14 4 0 32HONSHU SILVIA 3EST7 Seattle 16 23 14 21 74HOOD ISLAND C6LU4 Miami 37 56 41 30 164HUAL ASIA C6QX7 New York City 1 0 0 0 1HUMACAO WZJB Norfolk 39 38 35 33 145HUMBERGRACHT PEUQ Houston 0 0 0 29 29HUME HIGHWAY 3EJO6 Jacksonville 0 0 10 37 47HYUNDAI DISCOVERY 3FFR6 Seattle 31 51 55 23 160HYUNDAI FORTUNE 3FLG6 Seattle 37 51 41 39 168HYUNDAI FREEDOM 3FFS6 Seattle 10 8 10 5 33HYUNDAI FRONTIER C6RF6 Seattle 35 38 37 0 110HYUNDAI INDEPENDENCE 3FDY6 Seattle 1 0 0 0 1INDAMEX MISSISSIPPI ZDDT5 Norfolk 17 10 7 0 34INDIAN OCEAN C6T2063 New York City 17 34 26 37 114INDIANA HARBOR WXN3191 Cleveland 69 98 69 41 277INLAND SEAS WCJ6214 Chicago 1 1 0 0 2IRENA ARCTICA OXTS2 Miami 41 52 60 92 245ISLA DE CEDROS 3FOA6 Seattle 41 46 43 25 155ITB BALTIMORE WXKM Baltimore 33 51 18 0 102ITB MOBILE KXDB New York City 0 13 12 11 36ITB NEW YORK WVDG Newark 0 5 21 30 56IVARAN HUNTER DNKL Norfolk 34 31 1 0 66IWANUMA MARU 3ESU8 Seattle 82 89 90 86 347J. BENNETT JOHNSTON C6QE3 Oakland 0 21 30 0 51J.A.W. IGLEHART WTP4966 Cleveland 3 8 1 0 12JACKLYN M. WCV7620 Chicago 12 12 13 10 47JACKSONVILLE WNDG Baltimore 35 0 2 12 49JADE PACIFIC ELRY5 Seattle 0 9 24 42 75JAMES N. SULLIVAN C6FD3 Baltimore 0 10 1 29 40JAMES R. BARKER WYP8657 Cleveland 45 35 27 76 183JEB STUART WRGQ Oakland 1 0 0 0 1JO CLIPPER PFEZ Baltimore 2 56 26 29 113JO LONN PFEW Houston 0 12 46 13 71JOHN G. MUNSON WE3806 Chicago 9 10 11 24 54JOHN J. BOLAND WF2560 Cleveland 0 1 0 1 2JOIDES RESOLUTION D5BC Norfolk 36 70 31 30 167JOSEPH ELRZ8 Houston 19 2 48 56 125JUDY LITRICO KCKB Houston 0 37 13 32 82KANIN ELEO2 New Orleans 0 0 28 61 89KAPITAN AFANASYEV UFIL Seattle 0 50 32 23 105KAPITAN BYANKIN UAGK Seattle 4 0 35 47 86KAPITAN KONEV UAHV Seattle 54 55 65 35 209KAPITAN MASLOV UBRO Seattle 16 18 19 22 75KAPITAN SERYKH UGOZ Seattle 0 0 0 1 1KAREN ANDRIE WBS5272 Chicago 1 11 1 3 16KAREN MAERSK OZKN2 Seattle 0 0 46 0 46KAUAI WSRH Long Beach 46 44 47 38 175KAYE E. BARKER WCF3012 Cleveland 0 4 1 0 5KEE LUNG BHFN Seattle 0 25 32 46 103KEN SHIN YJQS2 Seattle 4 11 19 13 47KEN YO 3FIC5 Seattle 0 0 9 40 49KENAI WSNB Houston 0 3 1 0 4KENNETH E. HILL C6FA6 Newark 17 7 4 0 28KINSMAN INDEPENDENT WUZ7811 Cleveland 21 27 19 7 74KIWI ARROW C6HU6 Houston 33 23 0 0 56KNOCK ALLAN ELOI6 Houston 67 44 75 53 239KOELN EXPRESS 9VBL New York City 692 700 705 727 2824KURE 3FGN3 Seattle 19 0 0 0 19LEE A. TREGURTHA WUR8857 Cleveland 9 12 6 2 29LEONARD J. COWLEY CG2959 Norfolk 15 9 0 0 24LIBERTY SEA KPZH New Orleans 3 0 0 0 3LIBERTY SPIRIT WCPU New Orleans 1 43 23 0 67LIBERTY STAR WCBP New Orleans 37 39 1 50 127






LIBERTY SUN WCOB Houston 41 30 23 0 94LICORNE PACIFIQUE J8CV5 Houston 82 67 61 57 267LIHUE WTST Oakland 43 62 56 36 197LILAC ACE 3FDL4 Long Beach 3 8 0 0 11LNG CAPRICORN KHLN New York City 7 0 0 0 7LNG LIBRA WDZG New York City 31 0 0 0 31LOK PRAGATI ATZS Seattle 9 5 4 8 26LOOTSGRACHT PFPT Houston 55 6 52 34 147LUISE OLDENDORFF 3FOW4 Seattle 16 0 0 0 16LURLINE WLVD Oakland 33 42 41 39 155LYKES CHALLANGER FNHV Houston 19 40 50 23 132LYKES COMMANDER 3ELF9 Baltimore 39 5 67 18 129LYKES CONDOR DGGD Houston 31 27 20 0 78LYKES DISCOVERER WGXO Houston 82 52 46 62 242LYKES EXPLORER WGLA Houston 49 40 36 43 168LYKES HAWK ELVB6 Houston 0 31 20 37 88LYKES LIBERATOR WGXN Houston 41 31 22 49 143LYKES NAVIGATOR WGMJ Houston 44 30 49 31 154LYKES RAVEN DIGF Houston 20 2 12 4 38LYKES VOYAGER DJPL Houston 29 42 39 34 144M/V SP5. ERIC G. GIBSON KAKF Baltimore 19 26 25 29 99MAASDAM PFRO Miami 4 2 1 0 7MACKINAC BRIDGE JKES Seattle 57 66 60 87 270MADISON MAERSK OVJB2 Oakland 14 4 3 13 34MAERSK ARIZONA KAKG Baltimore 13 42 17 31 103MAERSK CALIFORNIA WCX5083 Miami 0 0 28 15 43MAERSK CHARLESTON ELRO2 New York City 51 69 41 20 181MAERSK GANNET GJLK Miami 4 0 0 0 4MAERSK GIANT OU2465 Miami 223 247 237 246 953MAERSK RIO GRANDE ELRJ5 Miami 0 0 0 1 1MAERSK SCOTLAND MXAR9 Houston 36 71 30 36 173MAERSK SEA S6CW Seattle 52 87 77 56 272MAERSK SHETLAND MSQK3 Miami 57 13 41 0 111MAERSK SOMERSET MQVF8 New Orleans 44 30 84 54 212MAERSK STAFFORD MRSS9 New Orleans 18 43 3 51 115MAERSK SUFFOLK MRSS8 Houston 40 17 21 10 88MAERSK TAIKI 9VIG Baltimore 22 0 0 14 36MAERSK TENNESSEE WCX3486 Miami 31 36 51 42 160MAERSK TEXAS WCX3249 Miami 33 38 14 14 99MAERSK VALENCIA ELXK7 Norfolk 15 16 14 3 48MAERSK WIND S6TY Norfolk 0 0 18 61 79MAGLEBY MAERSK OUSH2 Newark 14 24 48 21 107MAHIMAHI WHRN Oakland 25 36 37 22 120MAIRANGI BAY GXEW Long Beach 83 69 78 50 280MAJESTIC MAERSK OUJH2 Newark 5 12 7 27 51MANHATTAN BRIDGE 3FWL4 Seattle 37 54 14 19 124MANOA KDBG Oakland 12 33 18 8 71MANULANI KNIJ Oakland 0 0 14 46 60MARCHEN MAERSK OWDQ2 Long Beach 6 47 13 4 70MAREN MAERSK OWZU2 Long Beach 14 14 4 34 66MARGRETHE MAERSK OYSN2 Long Beach 25 32 22 32 111MARIE MAERSK OULL2 Newark 5 19 16 12 52MARINE CHEMIST KMCB Houston 51 15 0 0 66MARINE COLUMBIA KLKZ Oakland 25 0 15 43 83MARIT MAERSK OZFC2 Miami 18 18 23 18 77MARK HANNAH WYZ5243 Chicago 2 3 2 0 7MARSTA MAERSK OUNO5 Norfolk 0 1 9 0 10MATHILDE MAERSK OUUU2 Long Beach 23 19 41 11 94MATSONIA KHRC Oakland 27 8 20 44 99MAUI WSLH Long Beach 21 27 23 20 91MAURICE EWING WLDZ Newark 58 40 0 6 104MAYAGUEZ WZJE Jacksonville 0 0 5 15 20MAYVIEW MAERSK OWEB2 Oakland 41 31 27 21 120MC-KINNEY MAERSK OUZW2 Newark 23 28 18 19 88MEKHANIK KALYUZHNIY UFLO Seattle 55 77 62 47 241MEKHANIK MOLDOVANOV UIKI Seattle 37 46 6 39 128MELBOURNE STAR GOVL Newark 72 53 48 72 245MELVILLE WECB Long Beach 58 75 71 66 270MERCURY 3FFC7 Miami 15 6 0 0 21MESABI MINER WYQ4356 Cleveland 73 75 90 81 319METEOR DBBH Houston 193 120 1 0 314METTE MAERSK OXKT2 Long Beach 17 21 17 6 61

April 2001 81





MICHIGAN WRB4141 Chicago 1 10 0 3 14MIDDLETOWN WR3225 Cleveland 3 0 2 0 5MING ASIA BDEA New York City 23 0 0 0 23MOKIHANA WNRD Oakland 54 70 71 33 228MOKU PAHU WBWK Oakland 44 23 30 12 109MORELOS PGBB Houston 30 71 1 0 102MORMACSKY WMBQ New York City 11 12 0 0 23MORMACSTAR KGDF Houston 45 10 0 17 72MORMACSUN WMBK Norfolk 44 12 29 12 97MOSEL ORE ELRE5 Norfolk 63 68 49 59 239MSC CALIFORNIA LAKS5 Seattle 30 29 14 31 104MSC XINGANG 3EHR6 Norfolk 17 12 14 12 55MUNKEBO MAERSK OUNI5 New York City 0 0 18 33 51MV CONTSHIP ROME ELVZ6 Norfolk 23 77 43 40 183MYRON C. TAYLOR WA8463 Chicago 15 28 12 0 55NAGOYA EXPRESS P3LE4 Seattle 21 21 11 6 59NAJA ARCTICA OXVH2 Miami 108 108 114 40 370NATHANIEL B. PALMER WBP3210 Seattle 13 39 44 46 142NATIONAL HONOR DZDI Long Beach 0 0 1 0 1NEDLLOYD HOLLAND KRHX Houston 24 44 43 46 157NEDLLOYD RALEIGH BAY PHKG Houston 24 26 33 44 127NEW HORIZON WKWB Long Beach 33 7 0 4 44NEWARK BAY WPKS Houston 57 31 0 0 88NIEUW AMSTERDAM PGGQ Long Beach 26 23 0 0 49NOAA DAVID STARR JORDAN WTDK Seattle 78 59 78 27 242NOAA SHIP ALBATROSS IV WMVF Norfolk 43 62 72 0 177NOAA SHIP DELAWARE II KNBD New York City 126 75 49 50 300NOAA SHIP FERREL WTEZ Norfolk 0 51 13 0 64NOAA SHIP KA’IMIMOANA WTEU Seattle 105 55 87 38 285NOAA SHIP MCARTHUR WTEJ Seattle 213 160 183 93 649NOAA SHIP MILLER FREEMAN WTDM Seattle 146 139 72 0 357NOAA SHIP OREGON II WTDO New Orleans 129 117 37 40 323NOAA SHIP RAINIER WTEF Seattle 76 86 0 0 162NOAA SHIP RONALD H BROWN WTEC New Orleans 150 91 69 0 310NOAA SHIP T. CROMWELL WTDF Seattle 70 56 20 0 146NOAA SHIP WHITING WTEW Baltimore 23 0 2 0 25NOAAS GORDON GUNTER WTEO New Orleans 97 16 13 0 126NOBEL STAR KRPP Houston 22 63 8 21 114NOL AMAZONITE 9VBX Long Beach 0 0 4 16 20NOL DIAMOND 9VYT Long Beach 0 11 1 0 12NOL STENO ZCBD4 New York City 8 11 10 11 40NOLIZWE MQLN7 New York City 19 87 60 45 211NOMZI MTQU3 Baltimore 65 28 36 45 174NOORDAM PGHT Miami 12 18 2 21 53NORASIA SHANGHAI DNHS New York City 42 10 4 52 108NORDMAX P3YS5 Seattle 14 53 36 59 162NORDMORITZ P3YR5 Seattle 41 28 37 49 155NORTHERN LIGHTS WFJK New Orleans 35 37 0 5 77NORWAY C6CM7 Miami 15 0 27 60 102NORWEGIAN WIND C6LG6 Miami 5 13 10 0 28NTABENI 3EGR6 Houston 62 0 0 0 62NUERNBERG EXPRESS 9VBK Houston 674 495 7 12 1188NYK SPRINGTIDE S6CZ Seattle 9 8 4 15 36NYK STARLIGHT 3FUX6 Long Beach 57 21 24 37 139OCEAN CAMELLIA 3FTR6 Seattle 79 42 52 0 173OCEAN CITY WCYR Houston 10 0 23 0 33OCEAN CLIPPER 3EXI7 New Orleans 54 59 36 8 157OCEAN PALM 3FDO7 Seattle 60 69 69 51 249OGLEBAY NORTON WAQ3521 Cleveland 0 0 0 2 2OLEANDER PJJU Newark 27 28 22 9 86OLYMPIAN HIGHWAY 3FSH4 Seattle 5 13 10 14 42OOCL CALIFORNIA VRWC8 Seattle 59 46 47 47 199OOCL FIDELITY VRWG5 Long Beach 23 22 33 47 125OOCL HONG KONG VRVA5 Oakland 28 28 24 30 110OOCL INNOVATION WPWH Houston 72 45 51 37 205OOCL INSPIRATION KRPB Houston 48 37 63 30 178ORIANA GVSN Miami 42 20 30 38 130ORIENTE HOPE 3ETH4 Seattle 57 0 0 23 80ORIENTE PRIME 3FOU4 Seattle 15 24 10 9 58ORIENTE VICTORIA 3FVG8 Seattle 20 17 21 30 88OURO DO BRASIL ELPP9 Baltimore 34 30 18 13 95OVERSEAS BOSTON KRDB Long Beach 0 0 4 57 61






OVERSEAS HARRIETT WRFJ Houston 26 11 34 30 101OVERSEAS JOYCE WUQL Jacksonville 49 22 24 30 125OVERSEAS MARILYN WFQB Houston 26 8 15 0 49OVERSEAS NEW ORLEANS WFKW Houston 32 35 35 18 120OVERSEAS WASHINGTON WFGV Houston 0 0 1 0 1P & O NEDLLOYD BUENOS AI PGEC Houston 12 13 19 19 63P & O NEDLLOYD VERA CRUZ PGFE Houston 14 10 12 7 43P&O NEDLLOYD HOUSTON PGEB Houston 76 59 46 48 229P&O NEDLLOYD LOS ANGELES PGDW Long Beach 58 69 62 57 246P&O NEDLLOYD MARSEILLE MYSU5 Seattle 54 44 9 0 107P&O NEDLLOYD SYDNEY PDHY Seattle 40 23 26 35 124PACDREAM ELQO6 Seattle 26 18 14 20 78PACIFIC MERCHANT ELXR8 Houston 0 61 83 42 186PACIFIC SENATOR ELTY6 Long Beach 0 61 0 0 61PACKING ELBX3 Seattle 18 7 16 17 58PACOCEAN ELJE3 Seattle 3 8 14 3 28PACPRINCE ELED7 Seattle 5 0 18 55 78PACPRINCESS ELED8 Houston 0 16 33 19 68PAUL BUCK KDGR Houston 5 8 17 9 39PAUL R. TREGURTHA WYR4481 Cleveland 18 36 23 23 100PEARL ACE VRUN4 Seattle 27 72 32 70 201PEGASUS HIGHWAY 3FMA4 New York City 9 3 0 0 12PEGGY DOW PJOY Long Beach 75 103 50 59 287PELAGIA PGRQ Houston 51 78 5 4 138PFC EUGENE A. OBREGON WHAQ Norfolk 5 43 37 8 93PHILADELPHIA KSYP Baltimore 0 1 0 0 1PHILIP R. CLARKE WE3592 Chicago 6 12 26 14 58PIERRE FORTIN CG2678 Norfolk 203 170 0 0 373PISCES EXPLORER MWQD5 Long Beach 9 43 30 11 93POLAR TRADER WCZ3758 Long Beach 9 16 15 16 56POLYNESIA DNMR Oakland 56 30 24 0 110POTOMAC TRADER WXBZ Houston 64 28 0 0 92PRESIDENT ADAMS WRYW Oakland 59 52 60 55 226PRESIDENT GRANT WCY2098 Long Beach 49 46 45 50 190PRESIDENT JACKSON WRYC Oakland 48 43 39 39 169PRESIDENT KENNEDY WRYE Oakland 71 68 59 46 244PRESIDENT POLK WRYD Oakland 62 71 68 34 235PRESIDENT TRUMAN WNDP Oakland 49 74 56 29 208PRESIDENT WILSON WCY3438 Long Beach 51 57 51 37 196PRESQUE ISLE WZE4928 Chicago 22 18 16 8 64PRIDE OF BALTIMORE II WUW2120 Baltimore 0 0 2 0 2PRINCE OF OCEAN 3ECO9 Seattle 0 0 31 21 52PRINCES HIGHWAY 3ERU8 Jacksonville 24 80 68 19 191PROJECT ARABIA PJKP Miami 47 22 5 34 108PROJECT ORIENT PJAG Baltimore 40 21 3 63 127PUDONG SENATOR DQVI Seattle 84 58 43 65 250PUSAN SENATOR DQVG Seattle 63 50 36 60 209QUEEN ELIZABETH 2 GBTT New York City 63 45 70 76 254QUEEN OF SCANDINAVIA OUSE6 Miami 27 20 13 10 70QUEENSLAND STAR MZBM7 Houston 76 70 70 49 265R.J. PFEIFFER WRJP Long Beach 47 43 25 13 128RAINBOW BRIDGE 3EYX9 Seattle 75 58 56 55 244RAYMOND E. GALVIN C6FD6 Oakland 1 8 4 14 27REBECCA LYNN WCW7977 Chicago 7 5 11 5 28REPULSE BAY MQYA3 Houston 0 11 12 4 27RHAPSODY OF THE SEAS LAZK4 Miami 0 2 0 1 3RICHARD G MATTHIESEN WLBV Jacksonville 0 1 0 0 1RICHARD H MATZKE C6FE5 Oakland 19 11 12 4 46RICHARD REISS WBF2376 Cleveland 20 13 1 3 37RIO APURE ELUG7 Miami 49 47 24 35 155RO RO SENTOSA 9VRL Jacksonville 0 1 0 0 1ROGER BLOUGH WZP8164 Chicago 14 34 50 30 128ROGER REVELLE KAOU New Orleans 68 31 18 23 140ROTTERDAM EXPRESS S6IG Long Beach 609 554 407 478 2048ROYAL PRINCESS GBRP Long Beach 26 4 39 26 95RUBIN BONANZA 3FNV5 Seattle 21 35 0 48 104RUBIN PEARL YJQA8 Seattle 68 60 58 50 236RUBIN STELLA 3FAP5 Seattle 0 0 7 45 52SABINE PHILADELPHIA WNFJ New Orleans 17 17 14 35 83SAGA CREST H3FB Miami 8 0 0 0 8SALLY MAERSK OZHS2 Seattle 22 14 0 0 36SALOME S6CL Newark 7 0 0 0 7

April 2001 83





SAM HOUSTON KDGA Houston 8 28 19 0 55SAMUEL RISLEY CG2960 Norfolk 0 12 86 145 243SAN ISIDRO ELVG8 Norfolk 9 20 7 3 39SAN MARCOS ELND4 Jacksonville 35 68 44 48 195SANDRA FOSS WYL4908 Seattle 0 14 0 0 14SANDY BAY KAAC Oakland 0 0 0 3 3SANKO LAUREL 3EXQ3 Seattle 7 7 12 4 30SANTA BARBARA ELOT3 Seattle 2 1 0 0 3SANTA MONICA ELNJ3 Seattle 31 38 53 34 156SAUDI MAKKAH HZQZ Houston 67 41 35 41 184SEA INITIATIVE DEBB Houston 17 39 0 19 75SEA MARINER J8FF9 Miami 29 40 23 49 141SEA PRINCESS KRCP New Orleans 38 12 6 38 94SEA TRADE ELGH4 Norfolk 36 3 18 7 64SEA VALOR WBN9212 Seattle 0 5 9 2 16SEA-LAND CHARGER V7AY2 Long Beach 3 57 16 20 96SEA-LAND DISCOVERY WZJD Jacksonville 0 8 33 38 79SEA-LAND URUGUAY DGVZ Norfolk 38 32 0 0 70SEA/LAND VICTORY DIDY New York City 0 0 0 18 18SEALAND ANCHORAGE KGTX Seattle 61 66 65 54 246SEALAND ARGENTINA DGVN Jacksonville 0 0 0 1 1SEALAND ATLANTIC KRLZ Houston 46 42 51 45 184SEALAND CHALLENGER WZJC Houston 41 43 49 31 164SEALAND COMET V7AP3 Oakland 39 40 60 32 171SEALAND CONSUMER WCHF Houston 21 8 9 14 52SEALAND CRUSADER WZJF Jacksonville 30 26 43 22 121SEALAND DEFENDER KGJB Oakland 56 51 45 18 170SEALAND DEVELOPER KHRH Long Beach 32 34 23 38 127SEALAND ENDURANCE KGJX Long Beach 18 16 9 0 43SEALAND ENTERPRISE KRGB Oakland 73 72 64 19 228SEALAND EXPEDITION WPGJ Jacksonville 70 75 64 26 235SEALAND EXPLORER WGJF Long Beach 36 66 66 39 207SEALAND EXPRESS KGJD Long Beach 25 17 89 116 247SEALAND HAWAII KIRF Seattle 55 59 58 35 207SEALAND HONDURAS OUQP2 Miami 13 24 25 10 72SEALAND INDEPENDENCE WGJC Long Beach 0 1 39 28 68SEALAND INNOVATOR WGKF Oakland 31 41 53 35 160SEALAND INTEGRITY WPVD Houston 64 158 62 35 319SEALAND INTREPID 9VWZ Norfolk 30 37 1 2 70SEALAND KODIAK KGTZ Seattle 27 26 45 13 111SEALAND LIBERATOR KHRP Oakland 11 32 38 51 132SEALAND MERCURY V7AP6 Oakland 38 32 31 45 146SEALAND METEOR V7AP7 Long Beach 43 30 11 34 118SEALAND NAVIGATOR WPGK Long Beach 62 67 72 37 238SEALAND PACIFIC WSRL Long Beach 54 64 62 24 204SEALAND PATRIOT KHRF Oakland 42 29 20 38 129SEALAND PERFORMANCE KRPD Houston 30 60 48 49 187SEALAND PRODUCER WJBJ Long Beach 37 53 49 26 165SEALAND QUALITY KRNJ Jacksonville 17 50 27 31 125SEALAND RACER V7AP8 Long Beach 35 22 44 27 128SEALAND RELIANCE WFLH Long Beach 86 69 69 48 272SEALAND SPIRIT WFLG Oakland 0 0 30 16 46SEALAND TACOMA KGTY Seattle 43 54 29 28 154SEALAND TRADER KIRH Oakland 69 71 43 26 209SEALAND VOYAGER KHRK Long Beach 75 71 64 62 272SEARIVER BATON ROUGE WAFA Oakland 0 0 0 26 26SEARIVER BAYTOWN KFPM Oakland 9 5 11 12 37SEARIVER NORTH SLOPE KHLQ Oakland 0 11 10 8 29SETO BRIDGE JMQY Oakland 35 58 56 36 185SEVEN SEAS 3FBS9 Seattle 13 21 33 14 81SHIRAOI MARU 3ECM7 Seattle 124 91 111 120 446SIDNEY FOSS WYL5445 Seattle 0 21 6 0 27SINE MAERSK OZOK2 Seattle 24 19 0 0 43SKAGEN MAERSK OYOS2 Seattle 0 27 9 0 36SKAUBRYN LAJV4 Seattle 66 53 44 29 192SKAUGRAN LADB2 Seattle 39 22 31 22 114SKODSBORG OYRJ4 Houston 0 22 0 0 22SKY PRINCESS GYYP Miami 0 0 152 223 375SNOW CRYSTAL C6ID8 New York City 61 82 0 0 143SOFIE MAERSK OZUN2 Seattle 0 14 12 0 26SOL DO BRASIL ELQQ4 Baltimore 53 43 67 55 218SOLAR WING ELJS7 Jacksonville 86 55 88 85 314






SOROE MAERSK OYKJ2 Seattle 0 44 0 0 44SOUTHDOWN CHALLENGER WA4659 Cleveland 17 32 58 30 137SOVEREIGN MAERSK OYGA2 Seattle 24 0 1 20 45SOVEREIGN OF THE SEAS LAEB2 Miami 1 0 0 0 1SPLENDOUR OF THE SEAS LAUS4 Miami 8 8 0 0 16ST BLAIZE J8FO Norfolk 8 0 0 0 8ST. LUCY ELPO3 Norfolk 0 0 74 53 127STALWART WBN6512 Seattle 1 10 4 0 15STAR ALABAMA LAVU4 Baltimore 40 24 13 27 104STAR AMERICA LAVV4 Jacksonville 3 27 0 0 30STAR DOVER LAEP4 Seattle 11 21 13 22 67STAR EVVIVA LAHE2 Jacksonville 14 17 22 19 72STAR FRASER LAVY4 Houston 30 27 29 0 86STAR GEIRANGER LAKQ5 Norfolk 0 30 0 74 104STAR GRINDANGER LAKR5 Norfolk 0 0 31 0 31STAR HANSA LAXP4 Jacksonville 14 16 6 1 37STAR HARDANGER LAXD4 Baltimore 0 0 11 12 23STAR HARMONIA LAGB5 Baltimore 0 2 22 0 24STAR HERDLA LAVD4 Baltimore 21 41 51 41 154STAR HIDRA LAVN4 Baltimore 42 35 32 31 140STAR HIDRA LAVX4 Seattle 0 0 1 1 2STAR HOYANGER LAXG4 Baltimore 15 23 5 2 45STAR TRONDANGER LAQQ2 Baltimore 5 14 6 5 30STATENDAM PHSG Miami 14 66 58 50 188STELLAR IMAGE 3FDO6 Seattle 0 0 67 33 100STELLAR KOHINOOR 3FFG8 Seattle 0 5 55 16 76STENA CLIPPER C6MX4 Miami 13 11 26 11 61STEPHAN J V2JN Miami 134 138 64 50 386STEWART J. CORT WYZ3931 Chicago 9 27 18 14 68STONEWALL JACKSON KDDW New Orleans 0 10 22 0 32STRONG PATRIOT WCZ8589 Norfolk 38 12 15 9 74SUN DANCE 3ETQ8 Seattle 0 14 17 17 48SUNBELT DIXIE D5BU Baltimore 16 18 23 18 75SUPER RUBIN 3FWP5 Seattle 43 31 42 0 116SUSAN MAERSK OYIK2 Seattle 26 0 0 11 37SUSAN W. HANNAH WAH9146 Chicago 10 8 3 11 32SVEND MAERSK OYJS2 Seattle 2 30 0 0 32SVENDBORG MAERSK OZSK2 Seattle 26 0 8 43 77SWAN ARROW C6CN8 Baltimore 0 0 0 5 5TAGUS LAZA2 Long Beach 13 9 7 7 36TAI HE BOAB Long Beach 44 42 35 33 154TAIKO LAQT4 New York City 0 0 13 12 25TAKAMINE LACT5 Jacksonville 0 3 23 0 26TAKASAGO LACR5 Jacksonville 0 15 0 0 15TALISMAN LAOW5 Jacksonville 18 24 1 21 64TANABATA WCZ5535 Baltimore 27 0 20 30 77TARAGO LAPN5 New York City 0 0 17 0 17TAUSALA SAMOA V2KS Seattle 70 85 81 62 298TEAL ARROW C6KB8 Newark 0 0 1 0 1TECO TRADER KSDF Houston 0 11 65 12 88TEQUI 3FDZ5 Seattle 16 27 11 17 71TEXAS LMWR3 Baltimore 38 0 0 0 38THORKIL MAERSK MSJX8 Miami 65 53 34 55 207TMM MEXICO 3FRY9 Houston 42 35 44 8 129TMM VERACRUZ V2PC4 Houston 0 8 8 18 34TOBIAS MAERSK MSJY8 Long Beach 29 47 51 36 163TORM FREYA ELVY8 Norfolk 24 6 36 30 96TOWER BRIDGE ELJL3 Long Beach 17 3 11 13 44TRADE COSMOS VRUQ2 Miami 55 15 0 0 70TRANSWORLD 3FFY3 New Orleans 0 0 20 56 76TREIN MAERSK MSQQ8 Baltimore 38 48 43 17 146TRINITY WRGL Houston 0 0 4 0 4TRIUMPH ACE H3CB Seattle 0 29 36 28 93TROJAN STAR C6OD7 Baltimore 0 0 45 75 120TROPIC FLYER J8NV Miami 0 17 3 0 20TROPIC JADE J8NY Miami 0 7 11 18 36TROPIC KEY J8PE Miami 0 27 29 30 86TROPIC LURE J8PD Miami 8 24 26 23 81TROPIC SUN 3EZK9 New Orleans 13 35 27 0 75TROPIC TIDE 3FGQ3 Miami 7 9 7 0 23TUSTUMENA WNGW Seattle 19 20 12 9 60UNITED SPIRIT ELYB2 Seattle 65 60 86 66 277

April 2001 85




USCGC ACUSHNET WMEC 167 NNHA Oakland 0 60 3 0 63USCGC BRAMBLE (WLB 392) NODK Cleveland 0 0 14 0 14USCGC COURAGEOUS NCRG Norfolk 17 4 0 2 23USCGC DURABLE (WMEC 628) NRUN Houston 2 0 0 0 2USCGC GENTIAN NBHF Norfolk 12 11 1 3 27USCGC KUKUI (WLB-203) NKJU Seattle 0 6 0 0 6USCGC MACKINAW NRKP Chicago 2 0 4 7 13USCGC MELLON (WHEC 717) NMEL Seattle 4 14 0 0 18USCGC NORTHLAND WMEC 904 NLGF Norfolk 21 0 37 35 93USCGC POLAR SEA__(WAGB 1 NRUO Seattle 0 1 157 61 219USCGC POLAR STAR (WAGB 1 NBTM Seattle 49 0 0 0 49USCGC SUNDEW (WLB 404) NODW Chicago 1 4 8 0 13USCGC VIGOROUS WMEC 627 NQSP Baltimore 0 0 0 2 2USNS BRUCE C. HEEZEN NBID New Orleans 0 1 0 27 28USNS GILLILAND NAMJ Norfolk 0 3 25 0 28USNS GUS W. DARNELL KCDK Houston 0 3 7 13 23USNS JOHN MCDONNELL (T-A NJMD New Orleans 0 0 42 18 60USNS LITTLEHALES (T-AGS NLIT New Orleans 0 0 14 4 18USNS NAVAJO_(TATF-169) NOYK Long Beach 16 19 0 37 72USNS PERSISTENT XXXX Norfolk 0 0 0 1 1USNS POLLUX NMVG New Orleans 0 0 8 0 8USNS SHASTA TAE-33 NRNC Seattle 0 31 53 36 120USNS SUMNER NZAU New Orleans 46 40 34 50 170VALIANT WXCA New Orleans 0 0 5 0 5VEGA 9VJS Houston 0 0 17 4 21VICTORIA GBBA Miami 0 1 13 33 47VIRGINIA 3EBW4 Seattle 0 0 0 27 27VLADIVOSTOK UBXP Seattle 60 92 55 80 287VOYAGER OF THE SEAS ELWU7 Miami 0 23 1 0 24WAARDRECHT S6BR Seattle 56 62 53 0 171WASHINGTON HIGHWAY JKHH Seattle 101 113 101 120 435WEATHERBIRD II WCT6653 Seattle 9 7 0 0 16WECOMA WSD7079 Seattle 31 94 80 64 269WESTERN BRIDGE C6JQ9 Baltimore 53 81 42 75 251WESTWARD WZL8190 Miami 0 4 5 8 17WESTWARD VENTURE KHJB Seattle 19 29 29 44 121WESTWOOD ANETTE C6QO9 Seattle 63 41 43 40 187WESTWOOD BELINDA C6CE7 Seattle 38 41 52 40 171WESTWOOD BORG LAON4 Seattle 38 36 44 34 152WESTWOOD BREEZE LAOT4 Seattle 9 19 14 22 64WESTWOOD CLEO C6OQ8 Seattle 36 30 31 19 116WESTWOOD JAGO C6CW9 Seattle 42 37 25 30 134WESTWOOD MARIANNE C6QD3 Seattle 43 63 46 36 188WILFRED SYKES WC5932 Chicago 1 5 8 3 17WILLIAM E. CRAIN ELOR2 Oakland 18 1 0 9 28WILSON WNPD New Orleans 39 44 15 29 127WORLD SPIRIT ELWG7 Seattle 32 28 35 36 131YUCATAN 3FTA9 Houston 22 13 0 0 35YURIY OSTROVSKIY UAGJ Seattle 38 51 43 44 176ZENITH ELOU5 Miami 0 1 3 9 13ZIM AMERICA 4XGR Newark 43 53 27 16 139ZIM ASIA 4XFB New Orleans 33 33 84 90 240ZIM ATLANTIC 4XFD New York City 17 62 38 31 148ZIM CANADA 4XGS Norfolk 52 16 21 47 136ZIM CHINA 4XFQ New York City 28 19 44 40 131ZIM EUROPA 4XFN New York City 3 24 59 32 118ZIM HONG KONG 4XGW Houston 18 42 25 18 103ZIM IBERIA 4XFP New York City 9 16 3 2 30ZIM ISRAEL 4XGX New Orleans 31 57 31 26 145ZIM ITALIA 4XGT New Orleans 19 0 50 69 138ZIM JAMAICA 4XFE New York City 36 48 28 35 147ZIM JAPAN 4XGV Baltimore 22 14 41 74 151ZIM KOREA 4XGU Miami 23 36 36 34 129ZIM PACIFIC 4XFC New York City 28 59 57 29 173ZIM SANTOS ELRJ6 Baltimore 0 0 14 3 17ZIM SEATTLE ELWZ3 Seattle 56 42 34 50 182ZIM U.S.A. 4XFO New York City 12 17 47 36 112

Totals Sep 24360Oct 25745Nov 23672Dec 21580

Period Total 95357


U.S. Port MeteorologicalOfficers

Headquarters

David McShaneVoluntary Observing Ship Technical LeaderNational Data Buoy CenterBuilding 1100, Room 353AStennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Tel: 228-688-1678Fax: 228-688-3153E-mail: [email protected]

Robert A. LukeVoluntary Observing Ship Program LeaderNational Data Buoy CenterBuilding 1100, Room 353DStennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Tel: 228-688-1457Fax: 228-688-3153E-mail: [email protected]

Mary Ann Burke, EditorMariners Weather Log230 E. 5th StreetFrederick, MD 21701Tel and Fax: 301-663-7835E-mail: [email protected]

Atlantic Ports

Robert Drummond, PMONational Weather Service, NOAA2550 Eisenhower Blvd, Suite 312P.O. Box 165504Port Everglades, FL 33316Tel: 954-463-4271Fax: 954-462-8963E-mail: [email protected]

Lawrence Cain, PMONational Weather Service, NOAA13701 Fang RoadJacksonville, FL 32218-7933Tel: 904-741-5186Fax: 904-741-0078E-mail: [email protected]

Peter Gibino, PMO, NorfolkNational Weather Service, NOAA4034-B G. Washington HighwayYorktown, VA 23692-2724Tel: 757-877-1692Fax: 757-877-9561E-mail: [email protected]

James Saunders, PMONational Weather Service, NOAAMaritime Center I, Suite 2872200 Broening HighwayBaltimore, MD 21224-6623

Tel: 410-633-4709Fax: 410-633-4713E-mail: [email protected]

Tim Kenefick, PMO, New York/New JerseyNational Weather Service, NOAA110 Lower Main Street, Suite 201South Amboy, NJ 08879-1367Tel: 732-316-5409Fax: 732-316-7643E-mail: [email protected]

Great Lakes Ports

Amy Seeley, PMONational Weather Service, NOAA333 West University Dr.Romeoville, IL 60446-1804Tel: 815-834-0600 Ext. 269Fax: 815-834-0645E-mail: [email protected]

George Smith, PMONational Weather Service, NOAAHopkins International AirportCleveland, OH 44135Tel: 216-265-2374Fax: 216-265-2371E-mail: [email protected]

Gulf of Mexico Ports

John Warrelmann, PMONational Weather Service, NOAANew Orleans International AirportBox 20026New Orleans, LA 70141Tel: 504-589-4839E-mail: [email protected]

James Nelson, PMONational Weather Service, NOAAHouston Area Weather Office1620 Gill RoadDickinson, TX 77539-3409Tel: 281-534-2640 x.277Fax: 281-337-3798E-mail: [email protected]

Pacific Ports

Derek LeeLoyOcean Services Program CoordinatorNational Weather Service Pacific Region HQGrosvenor Center, Mauka Tower737 Bishop Street, Suite 2200Honolulu, HI 96813-3201Tel: 808-532-6439Fax: 808-532-5569E-mail: [email protected]

Robert Webster, PMONational Weather Service, NOAA

501 West Ocean Blvd., Room 4480Long Beach, CA 90802-4213Tel: 562-980-4090Fax: 562-980-4089E-mail: [email protected]

Robert Novak, PMONational Weather Service, NOAA1301 Clay Street, Suite 1190NOakland, CA 94612-5217Tel: 510-637-2960Fax: 510-637-2961E-mail: [email protected]

Patrick Brandow, PMONational Weather Service, NOAA7600 Sand Point Way, N.E.BIN C15700Seattle, WA 98115-6349Tel: 206-526-6100Fax: 206-526-4571 or 6094E-mail: [email protected]

Richard CourtneyNational Weather Service, NOAA600 Sandy Hook Street, Suite 1Kodiak, AK 99615-6814Tel: 907-487-2102Fax: 907-487-9730E-mail: [email protected]

Lynn Chrystal, OICNational Weather Service, NOAABox 427Valdez, AK 99686-0427Tel: 907-835-4505Fax: 907-835-4598E-mail: [email protected]

Larry HubbleNational Weather Service Alaska Region222 West 7th Avenue #23Anchorage, AK 99513-7575Tel: 907-271-3507Fax: 907-271-3711E-mail: [email protected]

SEAS FieldRepresentatives

GOOS Center ManagerSteve Cook8604 La Jolla Shores DriveLa Jolla, CA 92037-1508Tel: 858-546-7103Fax: 619-546-7185E-mail: [email protected]

GOOS StaffJohn Steger, LCDRAOML/GOOS Center4301 Rickenbacker Causeway

Meteorological Services

Meteorological Services�Observations


April 2001 87


Miami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4356Fax: 305-361-4366E-mail: [email protected]

Northeast Atlantic SEAS Rep.Jim FarringtonSEAS Logistics/AMC439 West York StreetNorfolk, VA 23510Tel: 757-441-3062Fax: 757-441-6495E-mail: [email protected]

Pacific Northwest SEAS Rep.Bob DeckerSEAS Logistics/PMC7600 Sand Point Way, NE, Bin C15700Seattle, WA 98115-0700Tel: 206-526-4280Fax: 206-526-4281E-mail: [email protected]

Southwest Pacific SEAS Rep.Carrie WolfeSouthern California Marine Institute820 S. Seaside AvenueSan Pedro, Ca 90731-7330Tel: 310-519-3181Fax: 310-519-1054E-mail: [email protected]

Southeast Atlantic SEAS Rep.Ann-Marie WilburnAOML/GOSO Center4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4336Fax: 305-361-4366E-mail: [email protected]

Gobal Drifter ProgramCraig EnglerAOML/PHOD4301 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, FL 33149-1026Tel: 305-361-4439Fax: 305-361-4366E-mail: [email protected]

NIMA Fleet Liaisons

Joe Schruender, East Coast Fleet LiaisonChristopher G. Janus, West Coast Fleet LiaisonATTN: GIMM (MS D-44)4600 Sangamore RoadBethesda, MD 20816-5003Tel: 301-227-3120Fax: 301-227-4211E-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

U.S. Coast Guard AMVERCenter

Richard T. KenneyAMVER Maritime Relations OfficerUnited States Coast GuardBattery Park BuildingNew York, NY 10004Tel: 212-668-7764Fax: 212-668-7684E-mail: [email protected]

Other Port MeteorologicalOfficers

Australia

Head OfficeMarine Observations UnitBureau of Meteorology150 Lonsdale Street, 7th FloorMelbourne, VIC 3000Tel: +613 9669 4651Fax: +613 9669 4168E-mail: [email protected]

MelbourneMichael J. Hills, Port Meteorological AgentVictoria Regional OfficeBureau of Meteorology150 Lonsdale Street, 26th FloorMelbourne, VIC 3000Tel: +613 9669 4982Fax: +613 9663 4957E-mail: [email protected]

FremantleMalcolm Young, Port Meteorological AgentMalMet Services Pty LtdUnit 3/76 Gardner StreetCOMO WA 6152Tel: +618 9474 1974Fax: +618 9260 8475E-mail: [email protected]

SydneyCaptain Einion E. (Taffy) Rowlands, PMANSW Regional OfficeBureau of Meteorology, Level 15300 Elizabeth StreetSydney NSW 2000Tel:+612 9296 1547Fax: +612 9296 1648E-mail: [email protected]

Canada

Randy Sheppard, PMOMeteorological Service of Canada16th Floor, 45 Aldernay DriveDartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 2N6Tel: 902-426-6703E-mail: [email protected]

Jack Cossar, PMOMeteorological Service of Canada6 Bruce StreetSt. John’s, Newfoundland A1N 4T3Tel: 709-722-4798Fax: 709-722-5097E-mail: [email protected]

Michael Riley, PMOMeteorological Service of Canada700-1200 West 73rd AvenueVancouver, British Columbia V6P 6H9Tel: 604-664-9136Fax: 604-664-9195E-mail: [email protected]

Ron Fordyce, Supt. Marine Data UnitRick Shukster, PMORoland Kleer, PMOMeteorological Service of CanadaPort Meteorological Office100 East Port Blvd.Hamilton, Ontario L8H 7S4Tel: 905-312-0900Fax: 905-312-0730E-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]@ec.gc.ca

Richard Dupuis, PMOMeteorological Service of Canada100 Alexis Nihon Blvd., 3rd FloorVille St. Laurent, Quebec H4M 2N8

China

YU ZhaoguoShanghai Meteorological Bureau166 Puxi RoadShanghai, China

Denmark

Commander Lutz O. R. NiegschPMO, Danish Meteorological Inst.Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100Copenhagen, DenmarkTel: +45 39157500Fax: +45 39157300

United Kingdom

HeadquartersCapt. E. J. O’SullivanMarine Observations Manager, Met. OfficeObservations Supply - Marine NetworksBeaufort ParkEasthampstead, WokinghamBerkshire RG40 3DNTel: +44-1344 85-5723Fax: +44-1344 85-5873Email: [email protected]

Bristol ChannelCaptain Austin P. Maytham, PMO


Meteorological ServicesContinued from Page 86



P.O. Box 278, Companies HouseCrownWay, Cardiff CF14 3UZTel: + 44 029 2202 142223Fax: +44 029 2022 5295

East EnglandCaptain John Steel, PMOCustoms Building, Albert DockHull HU1 2DPTel: +44 01482 320158Fax: +44 01482 328957

Northeast EnglandCaptain Gordon Young, PMOAble House, Billingham Reach Ind. EstateBillingham, Cleveland TS23 lPXTel: +44 0642 560993Fax:+44 0642 562170

Northwest EnglandColin B. Attfield, PMORoom 331, Royal Liver BuildingLiverpool L3 1JHTel:+44 0151 236 6565Fax: +44 0151 227 4762

Scotland and Northern IrelandCaptain Peter J. Barratt, PMONavy Buildings, Eldon StreetGreenock, Strathclyde PA16 7SLTel: +44 01475 724700Fax: +44 01475 892879

Southeast EnglandCaptain Harry H. Gale, PMOTrident House, 21 Berth, Tilbury DockTilbury, Essex RM18 7HLTel: +44 01385 859970Fax: +44 01375 859972

Southwest EnglandCaptain James M. Roe, PMO8 Viceroy House, Mountbatten Business CentreMillbrook Road EastSouthampton SO15 lHYTel: +44 023 8022 0632Fax: +44 023 8033 7341

France

Yann Prigent, PMOStation Mét., Noveau SemaphoreQuai des Abeilles, Le HavreTel: +33 35422106Fax: +33 35413119

P. CoulonStation Météorologiquede Marseille-Port12 rue Sainte Cassien13002 MarseilleTel: +33 91914651 Ext. 336

Germany

Volker Weidner, PMODeutscher WetterdienstMet. HafendienstPostfach 70 04 2122004 HamburgTel: 040 3190 8826

Volker Weidner, PMOPeter Gollnow, PMOHorst von Bargen, PMODeutscher WetterdienstJenfelder Allee 70a22043 HamburgTel: +49 40 66901411Fax: +49 40 66901496E-mail: [email protected]

Henning Hesse, PMODeutscher WetterdienstAn de Neuen Schleuse27570 BremerhavenTel: +49 471 7004018Fax: +49 471 7004017E-mail: [email protected]

Ulrich Ranke, PMODeutscher WetterdienstFlughafendamm 4528199 BremenTel: +49 421 5372163Fax: +49 421 5372166E-mail: [email protected]

Christel Heidner, OMPChristine Bergs, PMODeutscher WetterdienstSeestr. 15a18119 RostockTel: +49 381 5438830Fax: +49 381 5438863E-mail: [email protected]

Greece

George E. Kassimidis, PMOPort Office, PiraeusTel: +301 921116Fax: +3019628952

Hong Kong

C. F. Wong, PMOHong Kong Observatory134A Nathan RoadKowloon, Hong KongTel: +852 2926 3113Fax: +852 2311 9448E-mail: [email protected]

Israel

Hani Arbel, PMOHaifa PortTel: 972 4 8664427

Aharon Ofir, PMOMarine DepartmentAshdod PortTel: 972 8 8524956

Japan

HeadquartersKanno YoshiakiMarine Div., Climate and Marine Dept.Japan Meteorological Agency1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-kuTokyo, 100-8122 JapanFax: +03-3211-6908Email: [email protected]

Utsunomiya Tadayoshi, PMOKobe Marine Observatory1-4-3, Wakinohamakaigan-Dori, Chuo-kuKobe, 651-0073 JapanFax: +078-222-8946

Yazawa Yasushi, PMONagoya Local Meteorological Observatory2-18, Hiyoricho, Chigusa-kuNagoya, 464-0039 JapanFax: +052-762-1242

Uwabe Willy, PMOYokohama Local Met. Observatory99 Yamate-cho, Naka-kuYokohama, 231-0862 JapanFax: +045-622-3520

Kenya

Ali J. Mafimbo, PMOPO Box 98512Mombasa, KenyaTel: +254 1125685Fax: +254 11433440

Malaysia

NG Kim LaiAssistant Meteorological OfficerMalaysian Meteorological ServiceJalan Sultan, 46667 PetalingSelangor, Malaysia

Mauritius

Mr. S RagoonadenMeteorological ServicesSt. Paul Road, Vacoas, MauritiusTel: +230 6861031Fax: +230 6861033

Netherlands

Jan Schaap, PMOKNMI, Afd. WM/OWPort Meteorological OfficePostbus 2013730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands



April 2001 89

Tel: +3130-2206391Fax: +3130-2210849E-mail: [email protected]

New Zealand

Julie Fletcher, MMOMetService New Zealand Ltd.P.O. Box 722Wellington, New ZealandTel: +644 4700789Fax: +644 4700772

Norway

Tor Inge Mathiesen, PMONorwegian Meteorological InstituteAllegaten 70, N-5007Bergen, NorwayTel: +475 55236600Fax: +475 55236703

Poland

Jozef Kowalewski,PMOInstitute of Meteorology and Water Mgt.Maritime Branchul.Waszyngtona 42, 81-342 Gdynia PolandTel: +4858 6205221Fax: +4858 6207101E-mail: kowalews@stratus/imgw.gdynia.pl

Saudi Arabia

Mahmud Rajkhan, PMONational Met. Environment CentreEddahTel:+ 9662 6834444 Ext. 325

Singapore

Edmund Lee Mun San, PMOMeteorological Service, PO Box 8Singapore Changi AirportSingapore 9181Tel: +65 5457198Fax: +65 5457192



South Africa

C. Sydney Marais, PMOc/o Weather OfficeCapt Town International Airport 7525Tel: + 2721-934-0450 Ext. 213Fax: +2721-934-3296

Gus McKay, PMOMeteorological OfficeDurban International Airpot 4029Tel: +2731-422960Fax: +2731-426830

Mnikeli NdabambiAssistant Director, Meteorological TrainingSouth African Weather BureauTel: +2712-309-3090Fax: +2712-323-4518E-mail: [email protected]

Sweden

Morgan ZinderlandSMHIS-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden

Headquarters

Marine Weather Services Program ManagerNational Weather Service1325 East-West Highway, Room 14126Silver Spring, MD 20910Tel: 301-713-1677 x. 126Fax: 301-713-1598E-mail: [email protected]

Richard MayAssistant Marine Weather Services Program ManagerNational Weather Service1325 East-West Highway, Room 14124Silver Spring, MD 20910Tel: 301-713-1677 x. 127Fax: 301-713-1598E-mail: [email protected]

U.S. NWS Offices

Atlantic & Eastern PacificOffshore & High Seas

David FeitNational Centers for Environmental PredictionMarine Prediction CenterWashington, DC 20233Tel: 301-763-8442Fax: 301-763-8085

Meteorological Services - Forecasts

Tropics

Chris BurrNational Centers for Environmental PredictionTropical Prediction Center11691 Southwest 17th StreetMiami, FL 33165Tel: 305-229-4433Fax: 305-553-1264E-mail: [email protected]

Central Pacific High Seas

Tim CraigNational Weather Service Forecast Office2525 Correa Road, Suite 250Honolulu, HI 96822-2219Tel: 808-973-5280Fax: 808-973-5281E-mail: [email protected]

Alaska High Seas

Dave PercyNational Weather Service6930 Sand Lake RoadAnchorage, AK 99502-1845Tel: 907-266-5106Fax: 907-266-5188

Coastal Atlantic

John W. CannonNational Weather Service Forecast OfficeP.O. Box 1208Gray, ME 04039Tel: 207-688-3216E-mail: [email protected]

Mike FitzsimmonsNational Weather Service Office810 Maine StreetCaribou, ME 04736Tel: 207-498-2869Fax: 207-498-6378E-mail: [email protected]

Tom Fair/Frank NoceraNational Weather Service Forecast Office445 Myles Standish Blvd.Taunton, MA 02780Tel: 508-823-1900E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]

Ingrid AmbergerNational Weather Service Forecast Office175 Brookhaven AvenueBuilding NWS #1Upton, NY 11973




Tel: 516-924-0499 (0227)E-mail: [email protected]

James A. EberwineNational Weather Service Forecast OfficePhiladelphia732 Woodlane RoadMount Holly, NJ 08060Tel: 609-261-6600 ext. 238E-mail: [email protected]

Dewey WalstonNational Weather Service Forecast Office44087 Weather Service RoadSterling, VA 20166Tel: 703-260-0107E-mail: [email protected]

Brian CullenNational Weather Service Office10009 General Mahone Hwy.Wakefield, VA 23888-2742Tel: 804-899-4200 ext. 231E-mail: [email protected]

Mike ColbyNational Weather Service Office53 Roberts RoadNewport, NC 28570Tel: 919-223-5737E-mail: [email protected]

Doug HoehlerNational Weather Service Forecast Office2015 Gardner RoadWilmington, NC 28405Tel: 910-762-4289E-mail: [email protected]

Stephanie FauverNational Weather Service Office5777 South Aviation AvenueCharleston, SC 29406-6162Tel: 843-744-0303 ext. 6E-mail: [email protected]

Andrew ShashyNational Weather Service Forecast Office13701 Fang RoadJacksonville, FL 32218Tel: 904-741-5186

Randy LascodyNational Weather Service Office421 Croton RoadMelbourne, FL 32935Tel: 407-254-6083

Roberto Hiraldo-GarciaNational Weather Service Forecast Office11691 Southwest 17 Street

Miami, FL 33165-2149Tel: 305-229-4525

Great Lakes

Daron Boyce, Senior Marine ForecasterNational Weather Service Forecast OfficeHopkins International AirportCleveland, OH 44135Tel: 216-265-2370Fax: 216-265-2371

Tom PaoneNational Weather Service Forecast Office587 Aero DriveBuffalo, NY 14225Tel: 716-565-0204 (M-F 7am-5pm)

Tracy PackinghamNational Weather Service Office5027 Miller Trunk Hwy.Duluth, MN 55811-1442Tel: 218-729-0651E-mail: [email protected]

Dave GuentherNational Weather Service Office112 Airport Drive S.Negaunee, MI 49866Tel: 906-475-5782 ext. 676E-mail: [email protected]

Terry EggerNational Weather Service Office2485 S. Pointe RoadGreen Bay, WI 54313-5522Tel: 920-494-5845E-mail: [email protected]

Robert McMahonNational Weather Service Forecast OfficeMilwaukeeN3533 Hardscrabble RoadDousman, WI 53118-9409Tel: 414-297-3243Fax: 414-965-4296E-mail: [email protected]

Tim SeeleyNational Weather Service Forecast Office333 West University DriveRomeoville, IL 60446Tel: 815-834-0673 ext. 269E-mail: [email protected]

Bob DukeshererNational Weather Service Office4899 S. Complex Drive, S.E.Grand Rapids, MI 49512-4034Tel: 616-956-7180 or 949-0643E-mail: [email protected]

Steve RowleyNational Weather Service Office8800 Passenheim Hill RoadGaylord, MI 49735-9454

Tel: 517-731-3384E-mail: [email protected]

Jeff ZoltowskiNational Weather Service Office9200 White Lake RoadWhite Lake, MI 48386-1126Tel: 248-625-3309Fax: 248-625-4834E-mail: [email protected]

Coastal Gulf of Mexico

Constantine PashosNational Weather Service Forecast Office2090 Airport RoadNew Braunfels, TX 78130Tel: 210-606-3600

Len BucklinNational Weather Service Forecast Office62300 Airport RoadSlidell, LA 70460-5243Tel: 504-522-7330

Steve Pfaff, Marine Focal PointNational Weather Service Forecast Office300 Pinson DriveCorpus Christi, TX 78406Tel: 512-289-0959Fax: 512-289-7823

Larry Maifeld, HMTSteve Smart, HMTNational Weather Service, NOAA300 Pinson DriveCorpus Christi, TX 78406-1803Tel: 361-299-1357E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

Rick GravittNational Weather Service Office500 Airport Blvd., #115Lake Charles, LA 70607Tel: 318-477-3422Fax: 318-474-8705E-mail: [email protected]

Eric EsbensenNational Weather Service Office8400 Airport Blvd., Building 11Mobile, AL 36608Tel: 334-633-6443Fax: 334-607-9773

Paul YuraNational Weather Service Office20 South VermillionBrownsville, TX 78521

Brian KyleNational Weather Service OfficeHouston1620 Gill Road



April 2001 91

Dickenson, TX 77539Tel: 281-337-5074Fax: 281-337-3798

Greg Mollere, Marine Focal PointNational Weather Service Forecast Office3300 Capital Circle SW, Suite 227Tallahassee, FL 32310Tel: 904-942-8999Fax: 904-942-9396

Dan SobienNational Weather Service OfficeTampa Bay2525 14th Avenue SERuskin, FL 33570Tel: 813-645-2323Fax: 813-641-2619

Scott Stripling, Marine Focal PointNational Weather Service OfficeCarr. 190 #4000Carolina, Puerto Rico 00979Tel: 787-253-4586Fax: 787-253-7802E-mail: [email protected]

Coastal Pacific

William D. BurtonNational Weather Service Forecast OfficeBin C15700

7600 Sand Point Way NESeattle, WA 98115Tel: 206-526-6095 ext. 231Fax: 206-526-6094

Stephen R. StarmerNational Weather Service Forecast Office5241 NE 122nd AvenuePortland, OR 97230-1089Tel: 503-326 2340 ext. 231Fax: 503-326-2598

Rick HoltzNational Weather Service Office4003 Cirrus DriveMedford, OR 97504Tel: 503-776-4303Fax: 503-776-4344E-mail: [email protected]

John LovegroveNational Weather Service Office300 Startare DriveEureka, CA 95501Tel: 707-443-5610Fax: 707-443-6195

Jeff KoppsNational Weather Service Forecast Office21 Grace Hopper Avenue, Stop 5Monterey, CA 93943-5505Tel: 408-656-1717Fax: 408-656-1747

Chris JacobsenNational Weather Service Forecast Office520 North Elevar Street



Oxnard, CA 93030Tel: 805-988-6615Fax: 805-988-6613

Don WhitlowNational Weather Service Office11440 West Bernardo Ct., Suite 230San Diego, CA 92127-1643Tel: 619-675-8700Fax: 619-675-8712

Andrew BrewingtonNational Weather Service Forecast Office6930 Sand Lake RoadAnchorage, AK 95502-1845Tel: 907-266-5105

Dave HefnerNational Weather Service Forecast OfficeIntl. Arctic Research Ctr. Bldg./UAFP.O. Box 757345Fairbanks, AK 99701-6266Tel: 907-458-3700Fax: 907-450-3737

Laura FurgioneNational Weather Service Forecast Office8500 Mendenhall Loop RoadJuneau, AK 99801Tel and Fax: 907-790-6827

Ernie JillsonNational Weather Service OfficeHueneme Road, Building 3232Barrigada, Guam 96913Tel: 671-472-0950E-mail: [email protected]

(MWL) at $16.00 ($20.00 foreign) per year (3 issues).

In this Issue:

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Data Buoy CenterBuilding 1100, Room 353DStennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Attn: Mariners Weather Log

Address Correction Requested SpecialOFFICIAL BUSINESS Standard RatePENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300

International Ice Patrol ................................................................................................................ 4

San Patrick: Lost Among the Aleutians .................................................................................... 9

New VOS Program Leaders....................................................................................................... 68

vol. 45, no. 1 april 2001 - vos.woc.noaa.gov

Documents