vol-4 outdoor subjects for ct-gd general training

8/15/2019 Vol-4 Outdoor Subjects for CT-GD General Training

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(VOL-4 OUTDOOR SUBJECTS)(MR, GPS, FE, IED, FC, BC, TACTICS,

CI&POLICE OPS, JC & F/FIRING)

TRAINING DIRECTORATE-CRPF

NEW DELHI - INDIA ( DECEMBER – 2011)


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FOREWORD:

The need for a single handbook containing all lessons of Constable (GD) basic training in CRPF has been felt for quitesometime. The raising of Addl. Trg. Centres further necessiated this - to provide the instructors with enough trg.materials in a single booklet form so that there is uniformity inthe contents.. After discussions in various forums andconsultations with experienced trainers the syllabus wasreviewed. While reviewing the syllabus enough attention hasbeen paid to the changing security scenario, modus operandi

of anti-nationals and changing social millieu. This is the firsttime, the syllabus revision committee itself has come out withelaborate and comprehensive lesson plans on each of thesubject which I feel will be very useful to the trainers.Prepared in roman hindi, the contents would be easilyunderstood by even non-hindi speaking personnel. I hope, thishandbook will benefit all trainers and trainees in enhancingtheir Knowledge,skill and aptitude in their duties.

K.VIJAY KUMAR, IPSDEC-2011 DIRECTOR GENERAL,NEW DELHI CENTRAL RESERVE POLICE FORCE


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FROM THE DESK OF ADDL.DGP(TRG.) :

Training is the best investment for any Organisation, more so

in an armed force like ours. The operational efficiency any unitcan be best tested in its trg. ground. This roman hindiHANDBOOK FOR CT-GD BASIC TRG. consisting of alllessons/trg. for the whole 44 weeks trg. period, is prepared tobenefit both instructors and trainees to impart/undergo trg. asper the present needs of our organistion. I hope this book willbe of immense help to all – as prepared in easy languagecovering all topics in a comprehensive manner.

D.K.PATHAK, IPSADDITIONAL DGP (TRG.)-CRPF

NEW DELHI

INTRODUCTION BY IGP(TRG.) :

It is during basic trg. that one learns all the fundamentals of any organisation.Hence its importance cannot beoveremphasized.SRC has made, an all out attempt to review thecontents of the basic course in accordance with theeverchanging dynamics of our country’s internal security scenario.This change could not have been effectively communicated to the target group i.e., thousands of recruits

joining this force- without making an authentic andcomprehensive resource material. The compilation of lessonplans in a booklet form is an attempt in that direction. Thecommittee would welcome any suggestion for inclusion infuture editions.

K.MADHUSUDHANAN,IGP-(TRG.)- CRPF


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PREFACE BY AUTHOR:

“ A man would do nothing if he waits to do a work in such a way- thatnobody would find fault on what he has done “Compiling lesson plans on a variety of subject to be taught during long 44weeks was’nt an easy task. We had to go through various sources like trg.books, pamphlets of Army, BSF, SPG,CRPF,CISF &Other forces/Police from

our country through their publications. Internet was also a main sourcefor thinking globally. This booklet has been made in simple Roman hindi-without changing the meaning or spellings from the source , as Romanhindi is a flexible language with no firm spelling for a particular word -unlike pure English or hindi-and our main intention is to make the user tostudy easily and understand fully. Most of the lessons were prepared afterdue thoughts on the present Training Needs of our constables . I requestthe readers to advise/correct us , if any conceptual or spelling mistakesare found-through my e-mail id -- [email protected] for correctionsand also request for their valuable suggestions to further improve thishandbook.

G.KUMAR , B.Sc.,M.A.,M.Phil.,MBA.,SECOND-IN-COMMAND (30 BN CRPF-ASSAM)

ATTACHED AT ATC – CRPF – AVADI (T.N)

BLOCK SYLLABUS OF 44 WEEKS BASIC TRG.

S/N

O.

CODE SUBJECT PERIODs

DAY NIGHT TOTAL

PERIODS

PERIODS

PERIODS

A PHYSICAL TRAINING

1 RE Running andEndurance

127 - 127

2 RM RouteMarches 36 08 44

3 OCT Obstacle Clearing Trg. 40 04 44

4 UAC Un Armed Combat 45 - 45

5 BOX Boxing 15 - 156 SM Swimming 36 - 36

7 HC Hill & Building Climbing 32 04 36

8 PTT PT Tables 36 - 36

9 OMD-PT

One Minute Drill ForStrengthening

36 - 36

10 PT-TEST

PT Tests 27 - 27


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TOTAL 430 16 446

B DRILL

1 LOD Lectures On Drill 11 - 11

2 FD Foot Drill 138 - 138

3 AD Arms Drill 90 - 90

4 LRD Lathi,Riot Drill andBugle Calls

30 - 30

5 CD Cane Drill 30 - 30

6 FND Last rites Drill O9 - 09

7 OMD-D

One Minute Drills inUniform

20 - 20

8 D- TEST

Drill Tests 12 - 12

TOTAL 340 - 340

C WEAPON TRAINING

1 INSAS 5.56 INSAS Rifle 119 08 1272 LMG-IN

5.56 INSAS LMG 53 - 53

3 SLR 7.62 SLR 12 - 12

4 LMG 7.62 LMG 79 08 87

5 CM 9MM Carbine Machine 28 06 34

6 AKM AKM 35 04 39

8 MOR 51 mm MORTAR 31 08 39

9 GN NO.36 H.E Grenade 29 06 35

10 PIS 9MM Browning Pistol 20 - 20

15 TS Tear Smoke 15 - 15

16 FIR Firing 164 32 196

17 OMD One Minute Drills withWeapon

25 - 25

18 BAY Bayonet Fighting 42 - 42

19 WT-T Weapon Tests 18 - 18

TOTAL 670 72 742

D MR, GPS, FE, IED, FC, BC, TACTICS, CI&POLICE OPS, JC &F/FIRING (OUTDOOR SUBJECTS)

1 MR Map Reading & GPS 28 08 362 FE Field Engineering,

Explosives & IEDs36 - 36

3 FC Field Craft 28 16 44

4 BC Battle Craft 35 -- 35

5 TAC Tactics 53 -- 53

6 CP Counter insurgency &Police operations

36 16 52

7 JC Jungle camp & fieldFiring

240 64 304

8 INT Intelligence & Security 27 - 279 OMD-

CIOne Minute Drills forCI Ops.

31 - 31

TOTAL 514 104 618

E. INDOOR SUBJECTS

1 L Law And Manuals 18 - 18

2 RR Rescue & Relief 08 - 08


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3 FF Fire fighting 08 - 08

4 IS VIP/Jail/ Airportsecurity & Guarding of vital installations

08 - 08

5 HR Human Rights 08 - 08

6 PO Central Police & State

Police organisations

08 - 08

7 HF Hygiene &Sanitation,FirstAid&AIDS

16 - 16

8 OP Office procedure 04 - 04

12 IN/OU T-T

INDOOR/OUTDOORWRITTEN Tests

08 - 08

TOTAL 86 - 86

Grand Total 2040 192 2232

BLOCK SYLLABUS FOR JUNGLE CAMP TRG.

S/No

Code SUBJECT NO. OF PERIODALLOTTED

Day Night Total

1 PT Endurance Training 12 08 20

2 MR Map Reading & GPS 18 14 32

3 Tac Tactical Ops 70 20 90

4 FC Field Craft 16 06 22

5 FE Field Engineering 13 00 136 EXP Explosive 06 00 06

7 FF Field firing 18 00 18

8 Misc Miscellaneous 16 00 16

9 BI Battle inoculation 11 00 11

TOTAL 180 48 228

10 SCE 7 days self containedexercise

During Day &Night

76

TOTAL 240 64 304

********************************************************************************

DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR OUTDOOR SUBJECTS

MR, GPS, FE, EXPLOSIVES, IED,FC, BC, TACTICS,

CI&POLICE OPS, JC& F/FIRING

Subject : (1) MAP READING& GPSCode : MR

S/NO

CODE SUBJECT PERIODS

L/D Pra Night Tot


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2 MR-2-3 Conventional signs, Technicalterms aur Topographical forms

1 1 - 2

3 MR-4-6 Disha aur degrees ,uttar kiprakar aur uttar disha ka pata

lagana

1 2 - 3

4 MR-7 Service prismatic compass 1 - - 1

5 MR-8-9 Service protractor 1 1 - 2

6 MR-10-11

Scale, bearing and backbearing

1 1 - 2

7 MR-12-13

Map ko set karna aur ownposition ka pata lagana

1 1 - 2

8 MR-14-23

Map to ground aur ground to

map

1 8 1 10

9 MR-24-28

Din ke samay aur raat kesamay march karna

1 - 4 5

10

MR-29-31

GPS se parichay, vishestain waprakar,baitary prarmbh karneki prakriya, switch wa controlaur GPS ko on-off karne tahtasystem setup karne ka tarika

1 1 1 3

11 MR-32-36

GPS ke mark sakirn par we – point banana , map ke visheshpoint ki akhash aur deshantarke data ko edit/delete karnaaur GPS set ke prayog se nayesthan par pahuchakar wapisloutana

1 2 2 5

TOTAL 11 17 8 36

Subject : (2) FIELD ENGINEERING, EXPLOSIVES & IEDsCode : FE

S/NO


L/D Prac.

Night

Total

1 FE-1-2 Sabhi prakar ke tenton ke baremein jankari

2 - - 2

2 FE-3-4 Field engineering ki bare mein jankari

2 - - 2

3 FE-5-7 Road block lagana. 1 2 - 3

4 FE-8-11

Taar ki rukavaton ke bare mein jankari

2 2 - 4

4 FE-12- Fire trench aur weapon pit ko 1 3 - 4


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6 FE-16-19

Mine fields 2 2 - 4

7 FE-20-21

Trip flair ko lagana aur armkarna.

1 1 - 2

8 FE-22-24

Demolition set aur blind kobarbad karna

1 2 - 3

9 FE-25-27

Booby traps aur IEDs 1 2 - 3

10

EXPL-28-31

Basic demolition set aurAssault charges

1 3 - 4

11

EXPL-32-34

Mine Anti pers. M-18,directional fragmentation (Clay more mine)

1 2 - 3

12

EXPL-35-36

Snipper dogs ki baremain jankari

1 1 - 2

Total 16 20 - 36

Subject : (3) FIELD CRAFTCode : FC

S/

N


L/D Prac.

Night

Total

1 FC-1-3 Targeton ka bayan aurehchan

1 2 - 3

2 FC-4-5 Cheejen kyo nazar aati hei. 1 1 - 2

3 FC-6-7 Shru ki dekh bhal 1 1 - 2

4 FC-8-3

Fasle ka anuman lagana 1 3 2 6

5 FC-14-

9

Camouflage and

oncealment

1 3 2 6

6 FC-20-5

Khali hath aur hathiyar keath harkat karna(Stalking)

1 3 2 6

7 FC-26 Fire position chunana 1 - - 1

8 FC-27-8

Range card banana. 1 1 - 2

9 FC-29-2

Rat ka kaam aur dekhbhal - - 4 4

10 FC-33-8

F.C.O (fire control order) 2 2 2 6

11 FC-39-4 Night sentaries ki duties 2 - 4 6

Total 12 16 16 44

Subject : (4) BATTLE CRAFTCode : BC


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S/N


L/D Prac.

Night

Total

1 BC-1-5 Section and Platoon Battledrills

2 3 - 5

2 BC-6-10 Battle procedure 2 3 - 53 BC-11-

15Foji tactical shabdon kamatlab ( Tacticalterms)

2 3 - 5

4 BC-11-20

Field Signals 2 3 - 5

5 BC-21-25

Section / platoonformation

2 3 - 5

6 BC-26-30

Platoon ke hathiyaron kasiting aur employment

2 3 - 5

7 BC-31-35

Surveillance andobservation

2 3 - 5

Total 14 21 - 35

Subject : (5) TACTICSCode : TAC

S/NO


L/D Prac.

Night

Total

1 TAC-1-3 Patrolling 2 1 - 3

2 TAC-4-6 Ambush and Counterambush

2 1 - 3

3 TAC-7-8 Ops. of war--Advance 2 - - 2

4 TAC-9-10

Ops. of war-Defence 2 - - 2

5 TAC-11-12

Ops. of war attack 2 - - 2

6 TAC-13-15

Harbouring 2 1 - 3

7 TAC-16-18

Raid (Larai main aur ciops. main)

2 1 - 3

8 TAC-19-22

Fighting in built up area 2 2 - 4

9 TAC-23-24

Jungle se parichaye 2 - - 2

10 TAC-25-26 Registhan se parichay 2 - - 2

11 TAC-27-28

Heliborne assault ops. 2 - - 2

12 TAC-29-30

Ops. based on a river 2 - - 2

13 TAC-31-33

Escape and evasion 2 1 - 3


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36 objective raste aur firesupport ka vishleshan

15 TAC-37-40

Verbal orders(zubanihukam)

2 2 - 4

16 TAC-41-42

Avalanche ki baremain jankari

2 - - 2

17 TAC-43-44

Mountain warfare 2 - - 2

18 TAC-45-47

Nuclear warfare 2 1 - 3

19 TAC-48-51

Information warfare 2 2 - 4

20 TAC-52-53

Yudh kshetra kemanovagainikpahlu(Dynamics in battlefield)

2 - - 2

Total 40 13 - 53

Subject : (6) COUNTER INSURGENCY & POLICEOPERATIONS

Code : CP

S/N

O


L/D Prac

Night

Total

1 CP-1 Insurgency in general 1 - - 1

2 CP-2-3 Aid to civil authority 2 - - 2

3 CP-4 CI ops at coy level 1 - - 1

4 CP-5 CI ops. mainparamilitary,cpos aur statepolice ke saath kaam karna

1 - - 1

5 CP-6 Armed forces spl. power act 1 - - 1

6 CP-7-9 Built up area ko clear karna 1 - 2 37 CP-10-

12Combat tracking(pichchakarna)

1 - 2 3

8 CP-13-16

Raid on a hide out 1 1 2 4

9 CP-17-20

Crowd dispersal 1 1 2 4

10 CP-21-24

Mobile check post (MCP) 1 1 2 4

11 CP-25-

29

Quick action team (QAT) 2 1 2 5

12 CP-30-33

Road opening and cvy protection

1 1 2 4

13 CP-34-36

Morale 2 1 - 3

14 CP-37-40

Counter terrorism ilaqe meinmedia ki ahmiyat aur mediake saath mel-milaap

2 2 - 4


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42 welfare

16 CP-43-44

Morality andethics(sadvyavhar auraachaarneeti)

2 - - 2

17 CP-45-47

Team work aur team bldg. 2 1 - 3

18 CP-48-52

Unit kote and magazinesecurity drill

2 1 2 5

Total 26 10 16 52

Subject : (7) JUNGLE CAMP & FIELD FIRINGCode : JC

I. ENDURANCE TRAINING

Sl.No. Code Subject Type No. of periods

Total

Day/AN

Night

1 ET Natural / Improvisedbattle obstacles Assault

course

Prac 04 00 04

2 ET Endurance (training) – 10 km rout marchlinked withtac/navigational move

Prac 04 04 08

3 ET Endurance training 15kms in FSMO.

Prac 04 04 08

TOTAL 12 8 20

II. MAP READING & GPS


Total

Day/AN

Night

1 MR Setting of map, findingown position and sixfigure grid reference.

Prac 02 00 02

2 MR Use of compass andmaking night marchchart.

Prac 02 00 02

3 MR Map to ground andGround to Map(Exercise).

Exer. 02 02 04

4 MR Use of GPS andt ith GPS

Prac 02 02 04


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way creating route andback track.

5 MR Point to point marchwith the help of GPS 3to 4 points may beselected over a distance

of 12 to 15 kms.

Prac 08 10 18

6 MR Briefing on Sketch /Xerox copy of Map.

Lec. 02 00 02

TOTAL 18 14 32

III. TACTICAL OPS


Total

Day/AN

Night

1 Tac History of naxalism andorganization of CPI(Maoist)

Discu.

02 00 02

2 Tac Modus operandi of naxals

Discu.

02 00 02

3 Tac Jungle characteristicsand its effect on Ops

Lec 03 02 05

4 Tac Harboring /LUP(Troops will be made tounder take crosscountry move up to 15-20 kms in scale B andthen take upLUP/harbour withproper LUP/harbourdrill with all rounddefence. LUP/ harboursite will be selectedkeeping all tactical

consideration likedefence potential,concealment, field of fireetc. in mind). Wireobstacles & Trip flareswill be used in Harbourlocations.

Prac 03 02 05

5 Tac Establishment of Coy/PL post ininsurgency area, campsecurity measures and

communication in thepost. (Concept of offensive defence will beadopted 1/3, - 1 / 2strength for observationoutside the camp roundthe clock) Camp

i b

Prac 04 02 06


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obstacles i.e. Wireobstacles, Intruderalarm (noisy bell), Tripflares, Tree Machans forobservation and betterfield of fire.

6 Tac Preparation of contingency plan forCoy/PL post in case of Naxal attack.(Contingency planshould cater formultidirectional attack, judicious sitting of weapons and location of QRT concept of offensive

defence 1/3 to ½strength to be utilizedfor observation roundthe clock).

Prac 03 00 03

7 Tac Patrolling/Tacticalmovement(Concept of complementary patrolling from basic tothe medium and higher

level will be practicedduring exercises Junglecamp may be located atmore than one locationby dividing partiesunder one DC and onAC and troops will beexposed and trained incomplementary C level,B level and A levelpatrolling as per DGCRPF directions videinstruction No.OPDA3-OPS-DG/CRPF dated05/05/11)

Discu./Prac

03 02 05

8 Tac Approach to Targetand Target recce(Stealth, surprise and Tactical movement willbe kept in mind. Targetwill be approached

through crawling whileclose to it to maintainsurprise)

Discu./Prac

03 00 03

9 Tac Combat survival skilland jungle diseases(Troops may be trainedto survive on one meal aday)

Discu./Prac

03 00 03


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Ambush(Troops to be trained inclover formation drill forbreaking Ambush. Thiswill be practicedrepeatedly to build up

spirit of aggressiveness,quick, fast andspontaneous reflexes,Counter ambush drill toinclude initial responseby bringing down heavy volume of fire with helpof AGL/CGRL/51Mortar to destabilizeentrenched enemy.

Clover formation drillcan be furtherimprovised – (i) Leading sectionunder attack – Action by middle andrear Section –

splitting and takingout flanking move)(ii) Main body under

attack – out

flanking action by leading and rearsections to attack

Ambush site fromflanks)(iii) Rear section under

attack – middle andleading section to

split and takeoutflanking move toattack enemy fromflanks) – Men to

practice counterambush drill withswiftness aggressiveand noisy.

u./Prac

11 Tac Various immediateaction drills(i) Ambush andcounter Ambush(Troops to be trained in

clover formation drill forbreaking Ambush. Thismay be practisedrepeatedly to build upsprit of aggressiveness,quick fast andspontaneous reflexes,counter ambush drill to

Discu./Prac

05 02 07


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bringing down heavy volume of fire with helpof AGL / CGRL / 51Mortar to destabilizeentrenched enemy.Clover formation drill

can be furtherimprovised – (ii) Leading sectionunder attack – Action by middle andrear Section splittingand taking out flankingmove)(iii) Main body underattack

Out flanking action by leading and rearsections to attackAmbush site fromflanks)(iv) Rear section under

attack -Middle and leadingsection to split and takeoutflanking move toattack enemy from

flanks)(v) Action on chance

encounter when -(i) Own Party sees

the enemy first seizeinitiative and lay immed- iate

ambush).(ii) Enemy sees ownparty first charge

enemy and regaininitiative by

aggressive andimmediate retaliationthrough swift andquick reflexes of Scoutand main party.

(iii) Both sees eachother at the same time –

whoever firer first is

likely to win.

12 Tac Search and destroyoperation (SADO)(Troops will be dividedin small teams. One PL with two section up andone section in depth

Prac 05 02 07


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frontage and 1 km indepth No of small teamswill be used to searchan area. The followingcontingencies will beworked out).

(i) Surprise anddeception measures – Induction of troopsat night – cross

country move – Maintaining Radiosilence and use of

codes – coordination &

communication with

flanking parties.(ii) Action on locatinghide out/camp – organize raid OPSimmediately.(iii) Chance encounter – swift offensive andaggressive action.(iv) Hot pursuit – Oncontact withinsurgent, organize

hot pursuit.(v) Ex-Hide and seekwill be practicedand rehearsed.

13 Tac ROP(Strength of ROP couldbe a team of 30 to 35Men i.e. a PL strength Vformations to beadopted – ROP drill foropen terrains and closecountry – Area up to400 meters either side of the road to be searched.

Prac 03 00 03

14 Tac Laying of naka,frisking/ search of individuals andvehicles

Prac 02 01 03

15 Tac Techniques of search – search of house,village and jungle

(Parties will be inductedat night to maintainssurprise – Area forsearch to be isolated by laying stops – searchmay be carried out fromIst light – Communication will be

Prac 03 01 04


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parties – signal codes tobe used – proper reservewill be catered for any contingency)

Ex-Hide and Seek will

be practiced.16 Tac Cordon and search Ops

(CASO)(To ensure surprise andstealth cross country move movement of troops at night – legalaspects – availability of police rep.)

Prac 03 01 04

17 Tac Evasive movement

(Troops will cover adistance of 10-12 kms – They will be practiced toavoid ambush – crosscountry move – Selection of scouts – men with goodobservation skill to beselected as scouts andclearing of boundsthrough fire and move

before crossingsuspicious areas. Troops to be taught tomove with Back Bent,crouching to make lowtarget to avoid exposure.

Bound and obstaclecrossing/ clearing drillswill be practiced.

Prac 03 00 03

18 Tac Planning and conductof raid on hide out /naxal camp.Men will be trained inselection andoccupation of commando base, Sentry silencing techniquesapproaching enemy sentry through stealthand surprise – Use of

commando dagger – simultaneous silencingof sentries – sufficientreserve – lighteningattack and quickdisengagement /withdrawal).

Prac 05 03 08

19 Tac Small Team concept Prac 04 00 04


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conducting tacticaloperations in self contained small teamswhich are much moreeffective in junglewarfare than large

groups – Small teams tooperate in differentareas earmarked forthem at the same timeact as reserve /reinforcement to eachother in any contingency – co-ordi-nation andcommunication betweenvarious teams).

Ex-Hide and Seek willbe practiced.

20 Tac Organization /function of QRT. Troops will be exercisedin laying quick andsudden Ambush inareas where militantmovement is suspected – Composition of

Ambush part and itsdrill to be practiced.

Prac 03 00 03

21 Tac House clearing drilland room intervention(Troops will be taughtconcept of SWAT Teams – Shooting skills – use of primary and secondary weapons – hostagesituation – Roomclearing drill – Importance of speed,surprise – and violentaction – Use of handsignals – Diversiontactics)

Prac 04 00 04

TOTAL 70 20 90

IV.. FIELD AND BATTLE CRAFT


Total

Day/AN

Night

1 FC Camouflage andconcealment and use of ground, movement by d d i ht

Prac 06 02 08


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Ex-Observation will bepracticed.

2 FC Field signal, section andPL formation

Prac 06 00 06

3 BC Section and PL battle

drill

Prac 03 02 05

4 FC Use of Night visiondevices and challengingprocedure

01 02 03

TOTAL 16 6 22

V. FIELD ENGINEERING


Total

Day/AN

Night

1 FE Sabhi prakar ke tentonke bare mein jankari

Prac 01 00 01

2 FE Field Engineering aurfield fortification ke baremein jankari

- 02 00 02

3 FE Khudai karne valeaujaaron ki kisme aurunka prayog tatha rakhrakhav.

Prac 02 00 02

4 FE Taar ki rukavaton kebare mein jankari

- 01 00 01

5 FE Fire trench aur weaponpit ko taiyar karne ki jankari.

Prac 02 00 02

6 FE Mines ki kisme aur unkivisheshtayen

- 01 00 01

7 FE Trip flair ko lagana aurarm karna.

Prac 01 00 01

8 FE Improvised obstacles –

(i) Laying Panzies.(ii) Use of Intruderalarm.(iii) Preparation of Tree

Machans forobservation

and better field of fire.

L/Pr

ac

01 00 01

9 FE Types and laying of wireobstacles

Prac 02 00 02

TOTAL 13 00 13

VI. EXPLOSIVES AND IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES


Total

Day/A Nigh


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1 Exp Mechanism and makingof demolition set.

Prac 02 00 02

2 Exp Detection handling andneutralization of IEDs

Demo/Prac

02 00 02

3 Exp Booby traps, IEDs and

type of mines used by naxals

Prac 02 00 02

TOTAL 06 00 06

VII. FIELD FIRING

Sl.No.

Code Subject Type No. of periods

Total

Day/A

N

Nigh

t1 FF Field Firing Prac 18 00 18

TOTAL 18 00 18

VIII. MISCELLANEOUS

Sl.No.

Code Subject Type No. of periods

Total

Day/AN

Night

1 Misc First Aid and casualty evacuation

Lec 04 00 04

2 Misc Case studies Lec/disc 06 00 06

3 Misc Employment of Dogsin insurgency / naxalaffected areas

Lec 02 00 02

4 Misc Opening and closingaddress

Lec 02 00 02

5 Misc Causes symptoms,remedial and

preventive measuresof health loss

Discu. 02 00 02

TOTAL 16 00 16

IX. BATTLE INOCULATION


Total

Day/A

N

Nigh

t1 BI Battle inoculation Prac 11 00 11

TOTAL 11 00 11

X. 7 DAYS SELF CONTAINED EXERCISE

Day Cod Subject Typ No. of Tota


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Day / AN /Night

D-1 SCE Jungle Survival – living off the land

Prac 10 10

D-2 SCE Tactical movementby navigation

during day & night.

(Listeningobservation andcounting drills alongwith Bound andobstaclecrossing/clearingdrills will bepracticed).

Prac 12 12

D-3 SCE Camouflageconcealment &stalking (Exercise)(This will be done by night – cooked packfood to be given – Troops to be trainedin locating tell talesigns – Trackpursuit drill – Composition of

tracking team.

Ex-observation willbe practiced &rehearsed as part of this exercise.

Prac 10 10

D-4 & 5

SCE Ex-Harbour & RaidDistribution of narrative, sandmodel/

Enlargementdiscussion/ briefingby theappointments, onsketch/Xerox copy of Map Preparationfor Ops.(All movement willbe carried out atnight)(Troops will under

take two nightsapproach marchcovering distance of 30 km) Lying dogoduring day – noactivity) First nightmarch up to 15 to20 kms and take

Exer 20 20


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harbour drill to berehearsed. (Nocooking permitted – cooked food split intwo meals)

(Casualty evacuation drillafter end of Raid willbe practiced.Actual Raid will beconducted on Day-5. No movementduring day. Allmovement and Opswill take place

during night afterlast light.)

D-6 SCE Ex-Ambush,Counter AmbushDistribution of narrative, sandmodel/Enlargementdiscussion briefingby the appoint-ments on

sketch/Xerox copy of Map. Preparationfor Ops.(All movement willbe carried out atnight No cookingpermitted – Dry/packed food)

(Will be conductedas a two way Exercise.One team willundertake tacticalpatrolling and otherteam to lay Ambush. Separate Teams of instructorswill beaccompanying boththe teams to note

down theirobservations. Team-A will break ambushthrough counterambush drillfollowing cloverformation and oneminute madness

Exer 12 12


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Ambush hot pursuitdrill will bepracticed covering 5to 6 kms distance.)

D-7 SCE Ex seek andDestroy

( Troops will undertake approachmarch, coveringdistance of 10 kmson platoon with twosection up and onesection in depth)covers 1km x 1kmarea. Distribution of narrative,

enlargement/Sandmodel Discussion/Briefing on sketch/Xerox copy of Mapby appointments.Preparation for Ops.

(Ex-Hide & Seek willbe practiced &rehearsed as part of seek and destroy

Ops).

Exer 12 12

Total 76 76

GRAND TOTAL FOR JC TRG. DAY----240 PERIODS NIGHT----64PERIODS

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR JUNGLE CAMP TRG.

1) The following instructions issued for Jungle training by DG CRPFand Dte. CRPF may be kept in mind during conduct of 4 weeks Jungle Warfare training.

i) Dte. CRPF Msg. No.M.V.1/2010-Ops-R&D Cell dated19/11/2010 Reg. Jungle Metaphors.

ii) DG CRPF Msg. No.M.V.1/2010-SPS dated 08/11/2010.

iii) Dte. Genl. (Trg. Branch) Letter No.T.V.6 Reg.7 days self

contained Jungle Training.

iv) DG CRPF Msg. No.Ops A 3 – Ops- DG CRPF dated05/06/2011 Troops will be trained in Reflex shootingskills.

v) For strength of 200 CT one DC and one AC will be attachedfor proper supervision and smooth conduct of Jungle Warfare


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1 OMD-CIO-1-3 Judging ownposition

1 2 3

2 OMD-CIO-4-6 Taking cover 1 2 3

3 OMD-CIO-7-9 Questioning asuspect

1 2 3

4 OMD-CIO-10-12

Hasty ambush 1 2 3

5 OMD-CIO-13-15

Riot drill 1 2 3

6 OMD-CIO-16-18

Mobile Checkpost 1 2 3

7 OMD-CIO-19-21

Security drill 1 2 3

8 OMD-CIO-22-

24

Making fire to cook 1 2 3

9 OMD-CIO-25-27

Ghost walk 1 2 3

10 OMD-CIO-28-31

Move,halt,move 1 3 4

TOTAL 10 21 31

TOTAL OFMR,FE,IED,EXPLOSIVES,FC,BC,

TACTICS,CI&POLICEOPS,JC&F/FIRING

DAY PDS. NIGHTPDS.

TOTAL

514 104 618


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MR-1

MAP READING KI AAM JANKARIPARICHAY :

Suraksha balon ka mukhaya karya desh ki simayon tathaantrik suraksha karna hai. Dushman ke ilaqon ki puri jankari hona zarurihai, taki dushman ke khilaf zamin ka sahi upyog karke karwahi ki ja sake.Zamin ki puri jankari ke liye map ki puri madad leni chahie. Map readingke gayan se koi bhi jawan ya unit, aprachit ilaqon mein aur jadhidar jungle ya ubad-khabad ilaqe mein ek sthan se aa ja sakte hain.UDDESH :

Hamare suraksha bal ke jawano tatha unke commandron kois kabil banana hai, ki vah kisi bhi zamin ka map padkar us zamin ko binadekhe uski asli banawat ka sahi andaza lagakar dushman ke khilaf jaruratke ansusar paryog paryog kar saken. Naye reading ke siddanth ya jankaritatha map kaushal dono ka apas mein dono ka gehra sambandh hai.Map ke bare mein jankari hasil karane ke bad hum map ki sahayata sezamin ke asali banwat ko samajte hai tatha uska paryog karte hai.Dushman ke khilaf karwahi karte samay bade commander ke liye ilake kozamin par jakar dekhna sambhab nahi hai. Unke khilaf karwahi yojanamap ki sahayata se banani padati hai. Iski karwahi ke anusar zamin ki

banawat, pahunchane ka rasta bachaw vah hamle aadi yojana banayi jatihai aur karwahi ko gupt rakha jata hai. Map reading ki shikha ko hum dobhagon mein bant sakte hain.Map ke bare mani jankari hasil karne ke bad hum map ki sahayata se jamin ki asali banawat ko samajhate hain tatha uska prayog karte hai.Dusman ke khilaf commander ke liye ilake ko jamin par jakar dekhnasambhaw nahi hai. Unke khilaf karwahi yojana map ki sahayata se bananipadati hai. Iski karwahi ke anusar zamin ki banawat pahuchane ki rasta


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Bhag No. 2PARIBASHA :- Jab kisi zamini ilaqon ko kisi kagaz par kisi nischit scalemein kisi nischit conventional signs ka paryog karte hue tatha zamin kiunchai tatha nichai aur projection bidhi ko dikhate hue chitrit kiya jata haiusko map kahte hain.

No. 2MAP KA ITIHAS :- Kagaz par sabse pahle map san,1820 mein bana mana jata hai, jo ki Britain ke maseum rakha hua hai. Usse pahle map kobanane ka koi. Khas riwaz nahi tha bharatiya bhu-bhaw ke liye sabsepahle sun 1829 isvi mein quarter inch ki scale ke map England meinbanane wala pahla map san 1827 mein chada aur sun 1867 mein purebharat mein ban gaye. Us samay tak in map ko bharat ka “Atlas of India”kaha jata tha. Bad mein yeh map bharat mein hi banane laga.AWASHAYAKTA :Map ke uddesh aur uske istemal ko dhyan mein rakhte hue map ki nimnrup mein awashayakta padati hai.

(a) Map ke dawara sarkar yeh jan-na chahti hai ki uske rajya ki simma

kahan se kahan tak hai aur uske rajya ke dharatal ki banawat kaisi

hai. Taki banawat ke adhar par desh ki bhalai ke liye zamin ka pura-

pura faida uthaya ja sake.

(b) Suraksha bal ke commander yeh jan-na chahta hai ki desh ke kisi

bhi bhag mein upadraw ladhat ya shatru dawara akarman kiye jane

ki awastha mein pure ilaqe ka istemal kaise apni ladai ki yogna ke

liye kar pate hai.

(c) Selaniyon ko ghumane ke bichar se upyogi sthano ke bare mein

jankari prapat karne ke liye.

(d) Vidharthion ko buggal ke vishay mein deshi-videsh ki puri bhougolik

jankari dene ke liye.

(e) Sarbajanik karyon ke liye, adhikarion ko nirman sthan, nirman

karya adhi ko darshane ke liye tatha uski jankari ke liye.

(f) Parshashanik karwaion ke liye sadak, railway, hawai jahaj vah

samundari margon ko nischit karane tatha uski jankari rakhne ke

liye.

Bhag No. 2MAP KE PRAKAR :- Map chahe prashasanik karwahi, sainik karwahi, yatayat ya sanchar ke ho shabhi prakar ke map ko bargikaran do adharpar kiya jata hai.

(1) Scale ke adhar par.

(2) Uddesh ke adhar par.

SCALE KE ADHAR PAR MAPON KE PRAKAR.

(a) Choti scale ke map : Jin mapon apr zamin ki details ke bich ke padefaslon ko sadharan se choti lambai scale ko map kahte hai. Bharat

mein 1/500000 aur isse upar ki choti scale ke map issi sreni mai ate

hain.

(b) Madhyam scale ke map : Jin mapon par zamin ki detail ke bich ke

pade faslon ki sadharan lambai mein dikhaya jata hai, unhe

madhayam scale ke map kahte hain. Bharat mein 1/500000 se lekar


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(c) Bade scale ke map : Jin mapon par zamin ki details ke bich pade

faslon ko sadharan se badi lambhai mein dikhaya jata hai. Unke badi

scale ko kahte hain. Bharat mein 1/100000 aur isse kam anupat ke

jaise 1/50000, 163360 aur 1/25000 ke bade map badi scale ke

mapon mein ata hai.

UDDESH KE ADHAR PAR MAPON KE PARKAR :

Is adhar par mapon ke nimn prakar hain :-

(1) Sampurn suchana wale map : Inmein hum un mapon ko shamil

karte hain, jinhe bahut badi scale mein banaya jata hai, jaise plan

map, campon aur dipo adhi nirman ke map. Hawai jahaj se li gayi

tasviron ko jodhne se jo photo map banate hai unhe bhi sampurn

samagri wale mapon mein shamil kar sakte hai. Yeh map zamin ki

vastavik tasavir to hote hain, paranto zamini detailon ka

samajhana bada kathin hota hai.(2) Sambandhit suchana wale map : In mapon ko shamil kiya jin

mein uddesh ko dhayan mein rakhte hue use sambandhit samagri

ko hi dikhaya jata hai. In mapon ke nimn bhag hain :

(a) Guide maps :- en map ka uddesh yatrion ko darshiya sthan

par jane wale aur sambandhit raston ko dikhana hota hai.

Inmein rango ke halke aur gadhapan se bhi alag alag sadkon ki

banawat ko spasht kiya jata hai. Yatrion ki subidha ke liye

hotelon tatha dilchasb sthano ko bhi dikhaya jata hai.

(b) Road and rail maps : Parivahan ya dur dur jane walon ki

subidha ke liye sadakon tatha railon ke mapon ka nirman kiya

jata hai.

(c) Relief maps : Yeh map is parkar k ethos padarth se banaye jate

hain ki inse zamin ki banawat ki sahi tarika malum ho jaye.

Sena main in mapon ke sthan par sand madalo ka upyog kiya

jata hai.

(d) Educational maps : In nirman schoolon mein vidharthiyon ko

bhougolik siksha dene ke liye kiya jata hai. In mapn mein jal,

vaayu, varsha, upog, udhyog, bandargah, parvat , nadhi, rail,

sadak, vayu vah jal marg tatha prakritik bhag dikhaye jate hai.

(e) Outline map : In mapon mein prashan suchna aur rajanatik,

wat ya fauji mukhyalayon ki stithi dikhai jati hai.

(3) Simit suchna wale map : In mapon mein na to puri puri sagari

dikhai jati hai aur na hi kisi uddesh ki purti hoti hai. In mein

sabhi kudrati vah banawati angon ko ek banawati sima tak

dikhane ki koshish ki jati hai, jinka sambandh Vishav se jaida

hota hai. In mapon ke tin bhag hai.

(a) Atals map : Yeh bahut choti scale ke map hota hai. In mapon

mein puri prithvi ke kisi ek mahadveep ya ek dusre desh ko ekhi prusht par dikhaya jata hai. In mein nadhion, parvaton,

sadkon aur bade bade nagaron ko ek sath hi dikhaya jata hai.

(b) Tactical map : Yeh gupt rakhe jate hain aur gupt sanik

suchnaon ko prakat karate hain. Inka nirman field scatch ki

madad se kiya jata hai. Adavance, attack, defence, adhi ke liye

abastha ke anusar banaya jata hai


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(c) Topographical map : In mapon mein zamin ke sabhi kudrati

bhag jaise nadhi, nala, pahad, jungle aadi aur banawati chizen

jaise sadak, rail line, nahren, bandh katai, bahari makan aadi

dikhae jate hain. Hamare desh mein in mapon ka nirman

survey bivagh dwara kiya jata hai. Yeh map bhu-bhag ka

chitaran hote hue bhi prithvi ke anya prakar se khinche huechitron se bhinn hota hai.In chitron mein hame lagbagh dikhai

jati hain, jaise ki vah samne se ya kuch unchai se dikhai deti

hain. Topographical map main zamin kuch aise dikhai deti hai

jaise ki bahut jaida unchai par se dikhai deti hai. Inka dusra

antar yeh hota hai ki jaise chitar ko dekhkar vastu ki banawat

ka shigra gyan ho jata hai, jabki map mein pahle conventional

sign ki madad se zamin ke bare mein apna ek bichar banate

hai.

MAP KI BAHARI SUCHANAYEN : Zamin ki puri jankari hamemap ke bich ke bhag mein hi prapt hoti hai, jo ki ek ayatkat akritibani hoti hai. Map ka asali parichay tatha usko istemal karne kesambandhi anek suchanaye ayatkar akriti ke bahar, upar nichewale bhag mein likhi hoti hain. Jab tak in suchanaon ki jankarihame nahi hogi tab-tak hum na to map se bhali-bhanti parichay ho payega aur na hi map par puri tarah hamare liye upyogi hosakega.

1.Map ka shirshak :- Yeh survey map kisi prant ka hai, yeh suchna naksheke upari Madhya bhag (1) mein di jati hai.

2. Map ka up shirshak : Yeh map survey kis aur kin zilon ka hai. Yehnakshe ke upar bayen kone (2) par di jati hai.

3. Sarbakhen ka shal :- Yeh kis bars ki suchna ke adhar par bana hai.

Yeh suchna karmank 1 aur 2 ke Madhya upari bayen hisse (3) mein

di jati hai.

4. Desh ka nam : Jis desh ka naksha hoga, wahan ka nam nakshe par

hoga. Yeh suchna nakshe ke bayen aur nichle bhag (4)mein di jati

hai.

5. G.S.No :- Odirance se naye survey map mangne ke liye yehi reference

ke roop mein likhana padta hai. Yeh nakshe ke bayen aur bhitarisuchna wale ayatkar hisse ke thik niche mein (6) diya rahta hai.

6. Map sheet no. :- Mpa ki demand karne ki subhida ke liye ya

reference dene ke liye map sheet ka no. nakshe dahine aur akahtiyar

hisse ke thik upar (7) mein diya jata hai.

7. Uttar ki stithi :- Tinon arthat grid north, magnetic north, true stithi

kahan hai. Magnetic variation kitna hai, kya vah ghat-ta badta hai ya

sthir rahta hai. Yadi gat-ta badta hai to kisi hisab se yeh bhi ayatkar

hiss eke dahine aur thik upar (8) diya rahta hai.

Kiske adesh se map publish ya prakashit kiya gaya aur yeh

suchna ayatkar hiss eke Madhya niche (9) di jati hai.

8. Conventional sign : Map mein istemal kiye gaye conventional map

sheet ke niche dono aur (10) diye jate hai.

9. Map sheet ki suchi :- Apni map sheet ka no. suchi ke bich mein hota

hai. Sesh charon aur sheeton ke no. kram se likhe hote hai. Yeh

suchna kramank (10) ke bagal mein andar ki taraf (11) di jati hai.


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10. Scale : Map ki scale tino bidhiyon arthat likhkar, line batkar aur RFCrepresentative fraction) dwara dikhai jati hai. Yeh ayatkar bhag ke Madhyaaur niche (12) di jati hai.

11.Contour Interval :- Unchai ko prakat karne wali rekhaon ke bich

khadi unchain dikhai jati hai. Yeh suchna kramank (12) ke thik

niche (13) mein di jati hai.

12.Refrence : Isme servey map ko padhne sambandhi suchnaye di jati

hain. Yeh nakshe ke nichle bhag (14) mein diya jata hai. Map sheet

ke sanshodan ke bar sheet ke bayen nichle bhag (15) main diye rahte

haiN.

13. Copy Right :- Is mein sheet ko chhapne ka adhikar kewal bharat

sarkar ko hai aur koi vyakti ise nahi chhapwa sakta. Yeh suchna

nakshe ke dahine nichle bhag mein (16) mein di jati hai.

14. Cost of map :- Yahan par survey map ka mulya dahine aur thik

nichle bhag mein (17) diya jata hai.

15.Gridded :- Yeh survey map gridded hai ki nahi aur kin grid rekhaon

sahit suchna nakshe ke upari bhag mein (18) di jati hai. In

suchanaon ke alawa kai mapon par suraksha bargikaran bhi diye

jate hain. Jaise pratibandh kewal defence force ke istemal ke liye

aadi. Kuch suchanao ko map sheet ke upar vah niche dono sthano

par dene ka karan yeh hai ki kisi kone par phat jane par dusre kone

se map sambandhi awashakta suchanye mil sakti hain.

Bhag No. 3(1) MAPON KI VISWASNIYATA :-

Usi mah ya usi saal ka sahi chitran hota hai jis din us ilaqe ka

survey kiya jata hai. Uske bad kitne parivartan hote rahte hai jo ki

dharatal par prabhaw dalkar use pahle se bhinn bana deta hai.

Lekin map mein yeh paribartan tab tak nahi dikhaya ja sakta jab

tak ki us ilaqe ka doubara survey na kiya jaye. Bharat ke kai ilaqon

ke purane mapon ko banane ke bad ittne paribartan kiye jate hai ki

mapon ko zamin ke sath milane par yakin nahi hota ki vah map isi

ilaqe ke hain. Isi parkar map ki vishvasniyata ka arth hai ki us par

vartman dhartal ki banawat ka sahi chitran hone ka kitna vishwas

kiya jaye. Map par vishwas karna nimn baton par nirbhar karta hai.

(a) Yeh map kiske dwara banaya gaya. Pichade hue deshon ke map

kam viwasniya mane jate hain.

(b) Is map ka antim bar nirman kab hua ya kab dohraya gaya,

kyunki nazdiki samay mein banaye gaye mapon mein dharatal ke

paribartan ko shamil kar diye jane ke karan, uski vishwasniyata

badh jati hai.

(c) Map ka scale kya hai kyunki choti scale ke map adhik

vishwasniye mane jate hai. Badi scale ke mapon mein jagah kafihone ke karan hum nishano ko thik sthan par rakh lete hain.

Prantu yadi ko choti scale ka map badi

scale mein badli kiya jata hai, to uski vishwasniyata ghat jati hai.

Iske mapon mein jin conventional signs ka paryog kiya jata hai.

Vah scale se bahut bada kar dikaya jata hai. Is prakar jab badi

scale ke mapon mein dikhate hain to bina survey kiye unki thik


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(d) Map kisi sthan ka hai, kyunki dargham, phadi ilaqo ke mapon

apeksha maidani bhago ke map adhik vishwasniye hote hain.

Pahadi ilaqe ki kul sukhm details hawai photon ki sahayata se

bhi puri ki jati hai aur kisi durlabh stahan ko lewal andaje se hi

dikhaya jata hai.

(e) Map maulik hai ya nakal hai kyunki survey ke adhar par banemap unki naklon aur prakhepano ki apaksha adhik vishwasniye

hoti hain. Map ki vishwasniyata malum karne ke liye sabse acchi

baat to yeh hogi ki khud ki chhanbin ke pahle tak sabhi mapon k

sanka ki drishti se hi dekha jana chahie.

(2) MAP KI KAMIYAN :- Yadapi map ka swabhavik gun yeh hai ki asal

zamin ko dekhe bina uski banawat tatha detailon ki jankari ho jaye.

Survey walon ki bhi yehi koshish rahti hai ki map zamino ke bare

mein sahi jankari de. Fir bhi kafi sabdhani aur hoshiyari rakhane ke

bad bhi mapon mein nimn kamiyon/khamiyon ki sambhawana banirahti hai.

(a) Mapon ko banate samay yeh dhyan rakha jata hai ki map mein

awasshyak detailon ke jam ghat se bachne ke liye anawashyak

detailon ko chod bhi diya jata hai. Kabhi kabhi aisa hota hai ki koi

awashyak detail anawashyak samaj kar chod di jati hai ya chhut

jati hai athwa jo detail map banate samay anawashyak samaj kar

chod di jati hai ya jo detail map banate samay anawashyak thi

vah age chalkar awasyak ho sakti hai.

(b) Kudrati karno se samay samay par zamini halat badalte rahte

hain. Badh aur toofano ke karan zamin mein kafi paribartan ata

rahta hai jissesamay samay par mapon mein nahi dikhaya ja

sakta.

(c) Pahadi ilaqon ke kuch log jinme bakarwal, guzzar addi pramukh

hain. Kuch varson paschat apne purane gaon aur purane

charagaho ko chodkar naye sthano mein chale jate hai aur apne

purane gaon ken am se naye gaon basa lete hain. Yeh paribartan

mapon par shigra nahi dikhaya ja sakta.

(d) Zamin ke sabhi banawati aur kudrati nishan samay ke sath

badali ya nasht hote rahte hain. Purane makan, jungle addi nasht

hote rahte hai aur sadak bijali vah telephone ki line aadi badali

hhoti rahte hain. Nadiya bhi apna rasta badalti rahti hain.

(e) Nayi-nayi sadakon, pulo, makano aur badh aadi ka nirman hote

rahne ke karan purane mapon ki details praya badly hoti rahti

hai.

(f) Zamin ki rilif (unchai-nichai) ki banawat ke anusar samtal kagaz

par thik thik dikhana bada kathin hai. Usko thik thik samajhana

aur bhi kathin hai. Banate samay thodi si bhul bhi map ko

samjhane mein bahut bada farq daal sakti hai.(g) Mapon par unchai dekhne ke liye kantur linen kinchi jati hai,

jabki kisi sthano ki unchai mapon mein batayi gayi counter

interval counter line ke bich ke khade fasale ke barabar hoti hai.

Yadi pahadi ya maidani tille ki unchai nischit counter interval se

kam hoti hai to wahan par counter line nahi khinchi jati hai. Is

prakar counter line bhi zamin ke ekdam thik thik unchai dikhane


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(3) MAPON KI SAMBHAL :-

Map kagaz ka bana hone ke karan achi tarah sambhal na karne par jaldi nasht ho sakta hai. Dhyan mein rahe mapon ke tiin dushman hain:-

(a) Gilapan.

(b) Gandagi.(c) Salbut ya parte.

Bhag No. 41. Mapon ko acchi halat mein rakhne ke liye nimn baton par dhyan

diya jaye :-

(a) Mapon ko khuli hawa mein na khola jaye. Khuli hawa mein map

kholne se map udata hai, jisse map mein kriz pad jati hai aur usi

sthan se phatna shuru ho jata hai.

(b) Mapon ko bar bar kholne ya band karne se jaldi se kalaw pad jati

hai. Isliye sawadhani se modkar rakhna chahie.

(c) Map ko kisi bhi halat mein gila na hone diya jaye. Yadi kisi karan

se map gila ho bhi jaye to turant kisi aise sthan par sukha liya

jaye tatha hawa tej nahi chal rahi ho.

(d) Mapon par sayahi, pencil ka paryog na kiya jaye inka paryog se

map gande ho jayenge aur detail dhak jayegi.

(e) Map ko kisi sakt chizon ya ragad se bachaya jaye anyatha ragad

se iski detail mit jayengi .

(f) Mapon ko mar karne ke liye agar in par nishan lagana awashyakhai to inke upar halki pencil ka upyog kar sakte hain taki bad

mein mitaya ja sake. Mark kiye hue mapon ko surakshit jagah par

rakha jaye taki dushman ko hath na lage.

(g) Uddesh pura hone ke bad mapon ko store mein wapas kar diya

jaye tatha register se apna nam katwa diya jaye.

(h) Yadi map gum ho jaye to iski suchna apne uch adhikari ko de

diya jaye tatha awashyak karwahi kar diya jaye.

Sankshep : Uddesh bataya gaya map reading ki aam jankari uske

bad parichay bataya jaye.Yeh lesson (MRI) ke rup mein mana gaya. Yeh

lesson 4 bhagon mein varnan kiya gaya. Mapon ke bare mein

hame jitni jankari hogi ewam jitni dekh-bhal hame karenge. Map

hamare liye utani labhadayak siddh hogi.Sawal aur jabab se pure

lesson ko abhiyas ke liye prashan ke jariye abhiyas karana faidae

mand hoga.

------------------------------------******************-------------------------

MR-2-3

CONVENTIONAL SIGNS, TECHNICAL TERMS


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PARICHAY :-Map kisi zamini ilaqe ka chote rup mein chitran to hota hai prantu mapmein itani jagah nahi hoti ki zamin ki sabhi akritiyon ke hubahu chitrbanakar uske nam likh diye jaye. Isliye zamin ki akritiyon ko map pardikhane ke liye kuch nischit chinho ka prayog kiya jata hai jinki madad se

chote shaklon mein zamini akritiyo ko map par dikhaya jata hai.Adhayan ke dauran har Vishay mein aise shabd hote hai jo kip arm paragtupyog ke karan swamy hi apne vishesh rup mein viksit ho jate hain aurunka us vishya vishesh mein apna hi mahataw ho jata hai. Aise shabdo kashabdik arth vah nahi hota jaise ki aam vyawharik bhasha mein hota hai.Aise hi vishesh vyawaharik shabdon ko hi us Vishay ke takniki shabdonken am se jane jate hain.Dhartal ki akrition ya pahadi bhu-bhagon vah akrition ki banawat kaullekh bar bar karna pade to vah samajane aur samay ki drishti seasubidha janak lagata hai. Isse bachne ke liye in akrition ke liye map ridingmain kuch aise nam diye hai jin se in aktition ke liye map riding mein kuchaisa nam diye hai jinse in akrition ki babawat ka sahaj ghyan ho jata hai.In bhu-bhago aur akrition ke samuh ko dharataliye akritiyan kahte hain.Paribasha :- Conventional signs ki paribasha :- Survey of India dwaranischit kiye gaye un nishano ko conventional signs ya rudhi chin kahtehain. Jinki madad se zamin ki kudrati banawat akrition ko mapon pardikhaya jata hai..Bhag No. 1PRAKAR :-Conventional signs do prakar ke hote hai :-

(a) Survey signs :- Survey vivagh dwara nischit kiye gaye un nishano ko

survey signs kahte hain, jinke dwarazamin ke kudrati vah banawatinishan map par dikhaye jate hai.

(b) Military symbols :- Sena mukhalay dwara nischit kiye gaye un

nishano ko military symbols.

Kahte hai jike dwara sena sanbandhi suchnaye mapon pardikhyi jati hai. Yeh gupniye rakhe jate hain. Yeh gopaniye rakhe jatehain. Inse sena ki tukariyan, saman kili badni ya morcha bandi hathiyar,aur gola barud aadi dikhaye jate hainBhag No. 2

CONVENTIONAL SIGNS BANANE KI BIDHIYAN:-Conventional signs banane ke tin vidhiyan hain.

(a) Akrityan banakar :- Akritiyan banane ke tin parkar hain.

(1) Pade rukh mrin : Pade rukh mein conventional signs usi rup mein

banaye jate hai jis rup mein zamini nishano ke conventional signs

pade rukh mein banaye jate hain vah hai railwayline, sadak, nadi,

nahar, jhil, talab, makan, sahar, gaon addi.

(2) Is bidhi mein conventional signs aise rup mein banaye jate hain

jis rup mein zamini nishan samne dikhai dete hain jin zamini

nishano ke conventional signs khad rukh mein banaye jate hai

vah is prakar hai :-

Church, makbara, idgah, mandir, mosque addi.

(3) Samanya rup mein :- Sadharan rup mein conventional signs aisi

sakal mein banaye jate hai jissie un zamini nishano ka bhaw

prakat hota hai. Jaise do talwaron ke mel se ladai ke maidan ka

pata lagta hai. Jin zamini nishano ke conventional signs is bidhi


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(b) Akrition ke sath nam likhakar :- Is bidhi mein un zamini nishano ke

signs banaye jate hain, jinki banawat lagbhag ek jaisi hoti hai. Kuch

zamini nishano ki akritian banakar unke sath sath nam likh dete

hain jaise :- Chimney, khan dwar, yadaghar aadi kuch conventional

signs angrazi ke bade akhro ki madad se banaye jate hai jaise :-

PO(Police Office), RH(Rest house), PS (Police Station), DB (DakBungalow), IB ( Inspection Bungalow), CG ( Campaining Ground)

(c) Rang bhar kar :- Kuch zamini nishano ko rang bhar kar bhi dikhaya

jata hai. Rango ka paryog is parkar kiya jata hai, ki jisse us nishan

kabhav ka matlab pata lag jaye. Jaise pani ko nile rang se aur khati

ko pile rang se, pahadi bhu-bhag ko bhure rang se , jungle ko hare

rang se aur hospital ko lalkrash (+) ke nishan se dikhaya jata hai.

Jabki sukhe kuae ko khali brit se dikhaya jata hai.

Bhag No. 31. SCALE KE ADHAR PAR CONVENTIONAL SIGNS :-

Scale ke adhar par conventional sings do parakar se banaye jate hain :-(a) Map ki scale ke anusar :- Kuch zamini nishano ko mapon ko unki

scale ke anusar dikhaya jata hai. Artharth zamini ilaqon ko

mapon par dikhane ke liye jo anupat nischit kiya jata hai, usi

anupat mein zamini nishano ko mapon par bada ya chota karke

dikhaya jata hai jaise gaon, sahar, nadi, bandh aadi.

(b) Map ki scale se bada banakar :- Kuch zamini nishano ko jinka ki

aakar chota hota hai unhe on map ki scale par bada banakra

dikhaya jata hai, yadi unhe mapon ki scale ke anusar banaya jaye

to vah itne chote bante hai ki unhe pahchanana mushkil ho jata

hai jaise :- alela makan, kuaa, pul, pailway line, sadak aadi.

2. CONVENTIONAL SIGNS KA SIZE :-

Aam taur par conventional signs 4x4mm hota hai. Kuch

conventional signs 2mm choudai se dikhai dete hai jo lambe rukh

mein hote hain jaise :- Sadak, nahar aadi inki lambai nischit nahi

nahi hoti hai. Vaise to har conventional signs diye rahte hain, phir

bhi adhik gyan keliye chart “A” mein kuch conventional signs bananeka kafi abhiyas karana zaruri hai.

3. Military symbols :- Military symbols char prakar ka hota hai. Yeh

nimn hai :-

A- Sena ki tukriyon ke sambandi.

B- Hathiyar sambandi.

C- Saman sambandi.

D- Kila sambandi.

Is padh ke sath lage chart “B” mein charon prakar ke military

symbols diye gaye hain.

Sankshep :- Conventional signs aur military symbols map reading ki kunjihai. Yeh lesson MR2 ke antargat bataya gaya hai jo ki sabse pahle parichay bataya gaya aur bhag no. 1 se lekar bhag no. 3 tak barnan kiya gaya jo kimap reading se anabhing ya sainikon ko samjhane ke liye aur map readingsikhlai dene ke liye yeh conventional signs ki utni awashyakta hoti hai.Tatha sahi natija hasil karne ke liye abhiyas ke dauran sawal aur jawab se


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2. Technical terms :-

Map reading mein aam taur par paryog kiye jane wale takniki shabdonki paribasha jo ki nimn prakar hai.

(1) True north :- Dhrub tare ki sahayata se jis disha ko malum ya nischitkarate hain use true north kahte hain, tatha jo north ki aur khinchi gayi

rekhaon ko north rekha kahte hain. Survey mapon par yeh rekhanyendakshin se uttar ki aur kale rang ki khinchi jati hain.(2) Grid north :- Survey mapon par baigani rang se dakshin se uttar ki aurkhinchi gayi rekhanyen jis uttar ki aur ishara karti hain vah grid northkahlati hain.(3) Magnetic north :- Compass ki sui artharth chumbaken sui jis uttar kiaur ishara karti hain use magnetic north kahte hain. Sirvey mapon parmagnetic north ko dikhane wale ko rekha nahi khinchi jati hai.(4) Sthaniye chumbakiya akarshan :- Kate sthanno mein zamin ke andarloha, nickel, cobalt addi aisi dhatuyen hain jo ki compass ki chumbakiyasui ko apni aur akarshit karti hai jisse compass ki sui thik chumbak keuttar disha ke bajaye dayen ya bayen ishara kati hai. Uska yahi hataw agarpurb ko ho to wahan ka sthaniye chumbakiyr akarshan purb ka kaha jata jayega. Yadi paschim ka ho to paschim kahlayega.(5) Compass ki api truti :- Kabhi kabhi compass mein kisi kharabi ke karan jab uski sui thik uttar ke vajay kuch degree dahine ya bayen hut jaye to yeh hataw (variation) compass ki apni truti kahlayegi.(6) Degree :- Bearing ke ghumao ko napne ki akai (unit) ko degree kahtehain. Yeh kisi bhi brit (circle) ki paridhi ka 360* wan bhag hoti hai.(7) Magnetic variation :- Kisi sthan par jab true north aur magnetic north kirekhayen apas mein milti hain to us sthan par in dono ke bich ki konatmak

duri ko magnetic variation kahte hain.(8) Sambayan kon ( Angle of convergence) :- Kisi sthan par to north ya gridnorth ki rekhayen apas mein milti hain to us sthan par in dono northrekhaon ke bich ke konatmakduri ko sambay kon kahte hain.(9) Local variation :- Kisi sthan par milte samay grid north aur magneticnorth rekhaon ke bich jo konatmak duri banti hai use local variation kahtehain.(10) Bearing :- Kisi ek sthan se dusre sthan ko milane wali rekha aur usistahn se tino uttar artharth true magnetic aur grid north mein kisi ek uttarko milane wali rekhaon ke bich ki konatmak duri ko us sthan ko biyarigkahte hain. Yeh duri ghadi ki suion ke sulte rukh mein degree, minutes aur

seconds mein napi jati hain.(11) Forward bearing :- Kisi sthan par khade hokar dekhane wale admi sekhade hokar dekhane wale admi se apne samne ke kisi sthan ya nishan kapadha gaya bearing forword bearing kahlata hai.(12) Back bearing :- Forword bearing ke biparit back bearing dusre sthan ya nishan se dekhane wale ki aur padhe jane wale bearing ko back bearingkahte hain.(13) Grid :- Sarb mapon par baigani rang se kinchi gayi kadi aur padirekhaon ke jal ko degree kahte hain. Jinki sahayata se map par diye gayesthan par pata sandrabh nikala jata hai.

(14) Grid rekhayen :- Survey mapon par baigani rang se khinchi vahrekhayen grid rekhayen kahlati hai vah jo nakshe par varg banati hain.Uttar se dakshin ko khade rukh kinchi gayi purbi rekhayen aur purab sepaschim pade rukh khinchi gayi rekhayen uttari rekhayen kahlati ahin.(15) Deshantar rekhayen (Longitude) :- Survey mapon par kale rang sekhinchi gayi khadi rekhaon ko deshantar rekha kahte hain. Jo nakshe partrue north ko prakat karti haininko true north ki rekhayen bhi kaha jatahai.


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(16) Akkhansh rekhayen( latitude) :- Survey mapon par kale rang sekhinchi gayi rekhaon ko akkhansh rekha kahte hain.(17) Isogonal :- Choti scale ke mapon ke pure ilaqon mein magneticvariations saman nahi hota. In mapon mein mapon par yeh antar samanhota hai, wahan se hote hue ek rekha khinchi jati hai. Jise isogonal kahtehain.

(18) Re-section :- Map par apni jagah nischit karne ki us bidhi ko re-sectionkahte hain. Jisme map par hum do ya adhik jane hue sthan se apni jagahki aur rekhayen khinchati hai.(19) Inter section :- Kisi anjane sthan ki jagah ko malum karne keliye jabmap par kinhi do ya tin jane hue sthano se rekhayen khinchte hain, to usprakar anjane sthan ki jagah malum karne ki vidhi ko inter section kahtehain.(20) Orientation :- Orientation ka vyawaharik ka arth plane tablesketch kozamin par is prakar rakhana hota hai ki jisse banaye ja rahe hain. Sketchka true north zamin ki aur ishare Karen.(21) Orienteering :- Map aur zamin ko ek rup mein karane wai vyawaharikbidhi ko orienteering kahte hain. Is bidhi se map kaushal mein ruchebadhai ja sakti hai athawa nipunta prapt ki ja sakti hai.(22) Relief :- Zamin ki unchai- nichai tatha tuti-futizamin ityadi ko kisimadl par hu-bahu dikane ko relief kahte hain.(23) Counter : Servey mapon par bhure rang se khinchi gayi vah rekhayencounter ya counter rekhayen kahlati hain to samudr satah se nischitunchai wall bhu-bhag se gujarti hui apni –apni unchai ki rekahaon meinakar milti hai. Inki madad se nakshon par bhinn bhinn sthano ko samudrtal se unchai darshati jati hai.(24) Khade fasale ka antar :- Kinhi do ya do s adhik sthano ki unchai ya

counter linon ki unchai ke antar ko khade fasle ka antar kahte hain. Iskorifle ki madad se nikala jata hai.(25) Pada fasla :- Kinhi do sthano ya nishano ke bich ki sidhi padi duri kopada fasala kaha jata hai. Isko nakshe par service protractor ya ganti kegur se napa/nikala ja sakta hai.(26) Form lines :- Sketch par nischit unchai ke bad counter rekhaon kesaman khinchi jane wali rekhayen form lines kahlati hain. Yeh rakhayenadhi rakhaonke saman hi khinchi jati hai.(27) Datum level :- Kisi map ya sketch mein dikhaye gaye zamini ilaqon kesabse nichle bhag ki samudr satah se unchai ko datum level kahte hain.(28) Gradient :- Bhinno mein dhikai gayi dhlano ko gradient kahte hainathwa khade aur pade fasale ke anupat ko gradient kahte hain. Jaise 1/30ka arth hai 30 mtr chalne ke bad khadi unchai 1 mtr hogi.(29) Tangent :- Diagramon mein batai gayi dhlano ko tangent kahte hai.(30) Mean grid north :- Mapon par kayi grid rekhayen hone ki wajah se inkikonatmak duri ka true north rekha se antar alag-alag hota hai. Nakshe keliye iska Madhya mein nikal lete hain jo mean grid north kahlata hai.Madhymik scale ke mapon mein kafi jaida bhu—bhag dhikaya jata hai,isliye yeh karwahi aur bhi awashyak ho jati hai.(31) Adhar rekha :- Vah rekha jahan par khade hokar koi bhi sketchbanaya jata hai.

(32) Sthapit chin :- Map par dusri zamini chinon ki sahayata gayat ki huithi sthiti ko sthapit chin kahte hain.(33) Rekha :- Vah rekha jo stithi ya apne dusre nishan tal kinchi jati hai yaek nishan ko dusre nishan se milati hai use rekha kahte hain.(34) Plotting : Kisi bhi bhumi par ke chinnho ko map ko nischit karna hiplotting kahte hain..(35) Meridian :- Vastavik uttari dhruv se dakshin dhruv ko milane walirekha ko meridian kahte hain


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13. Mound :- Maidani bhag mein ubhara hua akela sa tila mound kahlatahai, jis par khade hokar charon aur ka ilaqa dikhai deta hai. Mapon paraamtaur yeh apekhit unchai se dikhai deta hai.14. Dune : Re-tili ilaqe mein hawa dwara vah mitti udane se banne waletille Dune kahlate hain. Yeh bante bigadte rahte hain aur pahadi ke samandikhai dete hain. Inki stithi sthai nahi hoti hai.

15.Tekri ya nol (Knoli) :- Wahan akeli pahadi nol kahlati hai. Jiska kisipahadi silsile se koi sambandh nahi hota hai. Iski counter rekhayen golhoti hai aur unchai kam hone se aam taur par ek hi counter rekhayen sedikhai jati hai.16.Defile :- Lambi aur unchain paruat spani ki us unchai uthai pith kodivide kahte hai. Jahan se pani do alag alag deshaon ko banane lagate hai.17.Jal bhi-bhaja ya water shed :- Jab kisi parvat shreni ka uncha bhag jo jal prabhaon ko alag kar ke use jal bhebeja kahte hai, yeh zaruri nahi kiwater shed ke liye parvat ka sabse uncha bhag hai .18.Jal prabha marg ya water course :- Kisi ilaqe mein sabse niche jagah jalprabha marg kahlati hai. Jis hokar us ilaqe ka pani bahta hai. Yeh sukhabhi ho sakta hai aur pani bhi bhar ho sakta hai.19.Revine :- Nadion dwara tode gaye us gahre aur lambi bhu-bhag korevine kahte hain, jo ek lambi tang ghati ke rup mein hota hai.20.Maha khadd ya gorge :- Pani apne bahab se jab kisi bhag mein sankaraaur gehra rasta bana deta hai, to us raste ke unche aur khade kinare gorgekahlate hain. Pahadi ilaqe mein ki tang aur tuti-futi revine bhi gorgekahlati hai.21.Bhrugu ya chattan (CLIFF) :- Jahan kahi diwar ki bhanti unchai aa jatihai, use clif kahte hain. CLIFF mein bahut se counter rekha ek sath mil jatihai.

22.Kagar ya escarpment :- Jab kisi pahad k eek aur ekdam badi lambi aurkram badh rup se unchai aa jati hai, to use Escarpment kahte hain.

23.Ghati (valley) :- Do parvat srinkhalon ke bich ka kafi niche chouda tathakafi lamba niche chouda tatha kafi lamba bhag ghati kahlati hai. Ghationmein pahadion ki dhalan utal (Convey) hota hai.24.Cirque ya himaj gahawar :- Glaciers ke nikalne ke sthan par vah gaddacirque kahlata hai, jo charon aur se khade kinaron se ghira rahta hai aur jiske kisi aur glaciers ke bahne ka rasta bana hota hai, kafi bade ilaqe meinphaile cirque ko girital ya turn kahte hain. Sarak ko dikhane wali counterrekha kafi bade ilaqe ko gherati hai aur bad ki counter rekhanyen pas pasho jati hain.25.Antarip :- Zamin ke us kam chaude aur nukile bhag ko anarip kahtehai. Jo dur tak samudr ke bhitar chala jata hai.26.Jal prapat ya jharna :- Jahan nadi ya nalon ka pani ekdam unchain seniche ki aur sidha girta hai ase jal prapat ya jharna kahte hai. Jharne kesthan par counter rekhayen cliff ke saman mil jati hai.

Note : Jis sthan pa nadi ka pani ekdam badi unchai se na girkar kuchdalan mein girta hai to use drutwah kahlate hai. Drutwah ko dikhanewali counter rekhayen jaharne ki rekha duri par khinchi hoti hai.

27.Main features :- Kisi ilaqe vah kudrati vah banawati nishan mein

features kahlata hai jinse us ilaqe ki banawat ka pata lagta hai.28.Under features :- Pahadion ki dhalano par jo chote chote sikhar ubharate hai, unhe under features kahte hai. Yeh mukhya parvat srinkhala sehatkar hote hai.29.Dead ground :- Dono aur uthi zamin ke bich mein davi hui zamin jo davihui hone ke karan dur se dikhai nahi deti, use dead ground kahte hain.30.Uvulas :- Chune wale ilaqon mein kudrati taur par bane vah chode aurgahre chhed uvulas hain jinse hokar us ilaqe ka pani zamin ke bhitar


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31.Lapis :- Chune wale ilaqe ki lambai, gahrai aur tang ghation ko lapiskahte hain. Inki counter rekhayen gahtit rehti hain.32.Crater :- Jwalamukhi (volcano) :- Dwara bane sanku (cone) ke akaar kegaddon ko crater kahte hai, jo ki kahin kahin itne choude hote hai ki jhilka rup dharan kar lete hain.33.Nadi ka dhartal :- Zamin ke jis bhag mein hokar nadi ki dhara ya

dharayen bahti hain, uske dhartal aur kinaron ke bich ke bich ke bhag konadi ka bed ya dhartal kahte hain.34.Muhana ya Estuary :- Jahan nadi samundra ke sath milati hai, usathan ko nadi ka muhana kahte hain.35.Ox-Bo-Lake :- Maidani ya lagbhag maidani ilaqon mein jab kisi nadi kidhara “C” akaar ke aise daldali bhag bana deti hai, jo badh ya barsat kesamay jhil ka rup dharan kar leta hai. In bhagon ko Ox-Bo-Lake kahtehain.36.Sahayak Nadi :- Us choti nadi ko sahayak kahte hai jo kisi badi meinaakar milti hai, jaise Jhelum, chinav, rabi aadi sindhu nadi ki sahayaknadian hai. Inke milne ke sthan ko sangam kahte hain.

Sankshep :- Hamesha sankshep sawal aur jawab se kiya jata hai aur inparibasha ko acchi tarah samaj lena aur yad kar lena map reading kiagli sikhlai ko samjhne mein kafi madad deta hai.--------------------------------*******************------------------------------------

MR 4-6DISHA AUR DEGREES ,UTTAR KI PRAKAR

AUR UTTAR DISHA KA PATA LAGANA.

PARICHAY :-Hamare suraksha balloon ko abhiyason aur yudh aadi ke

absaron par jana padta hai. Aise anjane sthan par agar koi jawan akelarah jata hai ya raste se bhatak jaye to, uske liye apne sthan par wapaspahunchana mushkil ho jata hai. Aisi dasha mein pratyek sainik kodishaon ka gya hona bahut zaruri hai. Map reading ki padhai mein ekache map ke asul ki sikhali ka prarambh dishaon aur degreeon ke gyanse prapt hoti hai :-

Zamin aurmanchitra par dishaon ka gyan karna bahut hi zaruri hai. Disha ghyat

ke liye bina manchitra ya ko sketch banaa aur samjhana kathin hai. Thik is parkar zamin par bhi hame bhinn bhinn paristhithion meinmarch karne ke liye bhi dishaon ko ghyat karna bahut zaruri hai.Uttar disha ghyat karne ke liye hamare pass kayi ache sadan hai. Inmerat aur din ke samay uttar disha ghyat karne ke sadan alag alag hain.Lekin in mein kuch sadan aise bhi hai jo raat aurr din, dono abasthonmein uttardisha malum karne mein sahayak hote hain. Is prakar jabuttar disha malum ho jati hai to hum sesh dishaon ka pata laga saktenhain.1. AWASHYAKTA :-

Ek acche sainik ke jevan mein dishao aur degreeon ka paryog sainikkushalta kahlata hai. Sainik yudh mein vijay mane ke liye, pahla

path map reading ki sikhlai mein dishaon aur degrreon ke gyan se

sikhata hai. Is liye sainik ko dishaon ka gyan hona zarurai hai. Is

kara sikhlai ke liye dishon aur degreeon ka mahatwa bahut zaida

hai.

2. DISHAON KE PRAKAR :-


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(a) Badi dishayen.

(b) Pramukh dishayen.

(c) Choti dishayen.

Badi dishayen :- Yeh dishayen char hoti hain. Jinko hum uttar, dakshin,purb aur paschim kahte hain. Uttar disha 360* degree mein jati hai,

kyunki bearing ke ghumab ko degreeon mein napne ke liye uttar disha seshuru karte hai. Ek pure chakar mein artharth, uttar se ghum kar wapasuttar tak ane se puri 360* hoti hai. Is chakar mein ghumao purb disha 90*dakshin 180* aur paschim disha 270* par hoti hai.

Agar hum uttar dishaon ki aur muh karke khade ho jayen tohamara muh uttar ki taraf hoga. Jab uttar disha se pura dahine mud kartehai to hamara muh purab disha mein 90* par ho jata hai. Yahan se phir90* ya purab disha se punah dahine mud Karen, to hamare dakshin dishase pura dahine mud kare, to is bar hamara muhn pachim disha mein 270*par hoga aur paschim se pura dahine mud kare to hamara muh wapas

uttar arthrth 360* degree par ho jayega. Is prakar ek bar pura dahine yabayen mud Karne par 90* hota hai.Pramukh dishyaen :- Pramukh dishayen bhi char pakar ki hoti hai. Yehdishayen cardinal point ke bich padati hai. Arthrth ek cardinal point ko dobar bar bar bhag mein bantati hai. Is prakar ek bhag 45* ka banta hai. Yehdishayen do aksharon se likhakhar dikhai jati hain. Uttar disha ko hum jaida mahatwa dete hain, kyunki dishaon ki bant uttar disha se shuru hotihai. Iske bad dakshin disha ko pramukh mana jata hai. In dishaon ken amis prakar diye jate hain, ki uttar disha ke nazdik padti hai, uske pahle uttarnam nam phir us taraf nazdik wali disha ka nam likha jata hai. Is prakar jodisha dakshin disha ke nazdik padti hai us disha ka nam pahle dahine,

phir us taraf wali disha mein nazdike padti hai us disha ka nam sath meinlikha jata hai. Isko karmbadh Uttar Purab( North- East), Dakshin Purab(South-East), Dakshin-Paschim (North-West), aur Uttar Paschim (North-West) ke nam diye gaye hain. Yeh dishayen karmbadh NE 45*, SE 135*, SW225*, aur NW 315* par hoti hai.Choti dishayen :- Choti dishayen 08 hoti hai. Badi aur pramukh dishaon kebich mein ek choti disha hoti hai. Jo tin akshron se darshai jati hai. Inkenam is prakar diye jata hai.Inke nam is prakar hain :-

(1) Uttar – Uttar-Purab 22 ½* (NNE)

(2) Purab- Uttar-Purab 67 ½ *(ENE)(3) Purab-Dakshin-Purab 112 ½* (ESE)

(4) Dakshin-Purab 157 ½* (SSE)

(5) Dakshin-Dakshin-Paschim 202 ½ (SSW)

(6) Paschim-Dakshin-Paschim 247 ½ (WSW)

(7) Paschim-Uttar-Paschim 292 ½ (WNW)

(8) Uttar-Uttar-Paschim 337 ½* (NNW)

Bhag No. 2

Is prakar koi ek choti disha ek pramukh aur badi disha ke bich kikonatmak duri ke adhe hisse par hoti hai.Arthrth pyatek choti disha usdegree ke aadhe 22 1/2* ke antar par hogi. Is prakar sabse badi dishayen 4aur choti pramukh dishayen 4 aur choti dishayen 08 hoti hain, kul milakaris prakar choti aur badi dishayen 16 ho jati hain.UTTAR DISHA KA MAHATWA :-Sainik karwahi ke bichar se 4 badi dishayon mein uttar disha ko sabsejaida mahatwapurn mana jata hai Iske nimn karan hai :-


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(a) Din aur raat ke samay uttar disha malum karne ke kayi sadhan

hain.

(b) Uttar disha ghyat hone ke bad sesh sabhi dishaon ka pata assani se

lagaya ja sakta hai.

(c) Uttari America se Butan lend pahad ki aur ishara karne wali

chumbakiye sui se bhi uttar disha asani se ghyat ho jati hai.(d) Prithvi apani kili par uttar se dakshin ki aur khadi hai.

(e) Digrion ki bant vah ginti bhi uttar disha se hi shuru hoti hai.

(f) Sabhi prakar ke sketchon mein uttar disha ko tirir ke nishan se

dikhaya jata hai.

(g) Sabhi prakar ke bhougolik vah topographical mapon ke shirshak

uttar disha ki aur hote hai.

(h) Map set karte samay bhi uttar disha ki zarurat padti hai.

Sankshep :- Yeh lesson mein suraksha ballon ko din mein aur raat

ke samay disha ka gyan karane ke liye barnan kiya gaya hai. Sabsepahle parichay bataya gaya hai. Yeh lesson do bhagon mein barnan

kiya gaya hai. Is prakar map reading ke live disha ka gyan hona

awashyak hai. Is parkar dishayen bhi itni hoti hai jitni degrean hoti

hai arthrth dishayen bhi 360* hi hoti hai, jo ki degreeon ken am se hi

jane jate hain. Is prakar compass ki sui ke ek chakar mein arthrth

uttar 360* se shuru hokar 360* ya 0* uttar main hi samapt ho jati

hai. Ant mein abhiyas ke liye sawal aur jabab se abhiyas karane se

sahi natija hasil hoga.

DIN KE SAMAY MEIN UTTAR DISHA MALUM KARNA VAH NIMNPARKAR :-

(1) Compass :- Uttar disha gyat karne ka uttam sadhan hai compass.

Compass ek diban ke akar ka yantra hota hai, jiske andar ek

chumbakiye sui lagi hoti hai. Jisse arrow mark bhi kahte hai, yeh sui

sadaa uttar disha ki aur ishara karti hai. Iska sambandh uttari

America mein Buthia lend Namak chumbakiye parvat shilla se hai. Is

parvat shila mein chumabkiye akarshan ki shakti apni aur khinchti

hai. Yadi us sthan par us samay chumbakiye antar ghyat ho to ham

vastavik uttar aur dakshin rekha ghyat kar sakte hain. Atah compass

sui ke samanantar rekha kinchkar chumbakiye uttar-dakshin rekha

khinchen aur iske sath 15* ka cone banate hue purab ki aur ek saral

rekha kinche to vastavik Uttar dakshin hogi. Compass ki sui raat ko

chamakti hai.

(2) Surya :- Surya se bhi hum uttar disha ghyat kar sakte hai. Surya

hamesha purab mein nikalta hai aur paschim mein chupta hai.

Subah surya nikalte samay agar hum surya ke samne muh karke

khade ho to hamare thik samne purab disha piche ki taraf paschim

disha, bayen hath ki aur uttar disha dahine hath ki aur dakshin

disha hogi.

(3) Is prakar sabdhyakal mein chipte hue suraj ki taraf muh karke

khade ho jayen to muh ke samne paschim, hamare pith ki aur purab

dahine ki aur uttar aur bayen hath ki aur dakshin disha hogi.

(4) Dopahar 12 baje ke samay suraj ki chaya uttar disha ki aur hoti hai,


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ke samne uttar, piche ki taraf dakshin, bayen hath ki aur paschim

aur dahine hath ki aur purab disha hogi.

(5) Is prakar surya se hum mote taur par din mein tin bar disha ghyat

kar sakte hain. Kewal 21 march aur 23 december ke din surya

Madhya rekha par lambat hota hai. Isliye in do dino mein suraya thik

purab mein udaya hota hai aur thik paschim mein dubta hai.(6) Dhup ghadi :- (1) Dhup ghadi banakar hum vastavik uttar-dakshin

rekha asani se gyat kar sakte hain. Dhup ghadi banate samayus

sthan ke sthaniye samay janne ke liye aur us par ghanto ke anko ko

nischit karane ke liye ek ghadi lete hain. Is prakar sath hi ghanto ke

bajane ka time har nishan ke sath likh dete hain. Kili ka khaya

sundayal dhup ghadi par darshate samay nishan kiaur sanket karti

hai, wahi lagbhag shahi sthaniye samay hoga.

3. Is dhup ghadi mein dopahar se pahle baje kinishan vastavik

uttar-dakshin rekha se paschim ki aur tatha dopahar ke bad baje kenishan vastavik uttar dakshin rekha se purab ki aur honge. Dopahar

ke 12 baje kili ki chaya hamesha ek hi sidh mein padegi 12 baje wali

chaya jis taraf padti hai us taraf agar hum muh karke khade hon to

hamara muh ke thik samne uttar disha hogi aur hamare pith ki aur

dakshin disha hogi.

4. Chaya :- Kisi chhadi dwara surya ki chaya se bhi hum uttar disha

ghyat kar sakte hain, kisi samtal sthan par ek chhadi gadh dete

hain. Subah lagbhag 8-9 baje chhadi ki chaya dekho, jahan tak iski

chaya pahunchti hai vah nishan lagakar us bindu ka nam “F” rakh

do aur ghadi ke sthan ko Kendra mankar chayon ke sthan ko par

bindu se saral rekha khinch do, chadi gadne ke sthan ko “C” bindu

ken am se likho, kendrey se chaye lambhai ko ardhya bayast mankar

ek brit khincho chhadi ki chaya lagbhag char aur pach baje ke bich

mein brit ki paridhi ko chhayegi to us samay is chaya ki nok par

nishan lagakar us ‘a’ bindu nam se likh do. Cone ‘A’ ‘C’ ‘F’ ko

sambibhag karo. Is cone ko saman bhagon batne wali rekha hi

vastavik uttar dakshin rekha ko prakat karti hai. Is vidhi se hum

uttari golaradh mein uttar dakshin rekha ghyat kar sakte hai.

5. Ghadi :- Yeh vidhi saral hai prantu isse uttar-dakshin rekha ka sahi

gyan nahi ho pata hai. Isse kewal din mein hi uttar-dakshin rekha

gyat karane ke liye uttari golardh mein bhinn bhinn bhidi prayog

mein late hain. Yeh vidhyan nimn prakar hain :-

(a) Uttari golardh :- Uttari golardh mein ghadi ka zamin par is prakar

se rakhte hai ki uski ghante ki suio surya ki aur ishara kare. Yeh

rekhayen wahi milegi yahan ghadi ki suion ka Kendra hoga.

Ghanto ki sui aur ghadi ke bahar wale ank ko milane wali

rekhayon se bane cone ki sambidhayen karane wali rekha

dakshin disha ki aur ishara karegi, yeh us shetra ki vastavikuttar-daksin rekha hogi.

(b) Dakshin golardh :- Ghadi ko zamin mein rakhte samay iske ‘12’

ke ank ko Kendra se milane wali rekha surya ki aur sanket kare,

uttari golardh mein bataye gaye ke anusar ek rekha ek ghante ki

sui ke upar hoti hue aur dusre ghadi ke 12 wale ank ke upar wale

ki aur zamin par khinchte hain 12 baje ke ank vah gante wale


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uttar dakshin rekha mein jayegi. Is bidhi mein ghadi jitani

vastavik uttar dakshin rekha thik banegi.

(c) Is bidhi mein bhumadhya rekha ke pas ke sthan par surya, akash

mein uncha chadh jane par gante wali sui aur ghadi 12 wale ank

ki line ko suray ki aur karne bada mushkil hai. Is prakar ghadi ke

vastavik uttar-dakshin rekha uttar vah dakshin golardh meinmalum kar sakte hai. Phir bhi is bidhi se ghyat ki gayi vastavik

uttar-dakshin rekha se lag-bhag 5 degree ka antar reh jata hai.

6. Kabri sthan se :- Muslman jab kabhi sthan mein mur pe ko uski

kabra mein rakhte hai to uska sir hamesh uttar dakshin mein rahta

hai aur uska mitti se dabne ke bad uski kaber ke sir ki aur zamin

par ek bada vah uncha pathar Deepak rakhne ke liye ghad dete hai.

Kayi kabron mein murdhe ke pareon ki taraf bhi ek chota pathar

rakhte hain, yadi bade pathar ki aur muh karke khade ho to thik

hamare samne uttar-dakshin, pith ki aur dakshin, dahine hath kiaur purab aur bayen hath ki aur paschim disha hogi. Lekin dhyan

rahe ki kabron se ham uttar disha malum nahi kar sakte hain,

kyunki aise log kabr mein murdhe ko uttar ki aur rakh kar nahi

gadhte hain.

7. Masjid se :- Yadi hum bharat mein masjidon ki banawat dekhe to

uske upar hame do bade minar wali diwar aur ek mehrabadar gumad

dikhayi deta hai, jidhar muh karke muslman log namaj padte hai. Is

badi minar bali diwar ke ghumad se agar pith lagakar muh ki aur

paschim, pith ki aur purab tatha dahine hath ki aur uttar, aur bayen

hath ki aur dakshin disha hogi.

8. Shivalaya se :- Shiva ji ke mandiron mein ek shiv ling bana rehta hai.

Shiv ling ki ali mein se pani bahar jane ke liye iska utaar uttar ki aur

rakhte hain. Jiska sambandh kailash parvat se mana jata hai.

Shivling par jab jal chadate hai to, yeh jal uttar ki aur niche girta hai.

Lekin yeh utna viswas janak nahi hota hai.

9. Briksh ke phal vah paton se :- Jab uttar disha nalum karne mein koi

bidhi sahayak nahi hoti hai to, phal dar ya paton wale pedon se uttar

disha malum karte hain. Phal dar pedon mein ek taraf ka phal pakka

hota hai, dusri aur kacha hota hai ya ek aur ke phal jhad chukte

dusri aur ke phal ped par lage hote hain. Purab taraf wale surya ki

jaida garmi ke karan jaida pakke honge ya jhad chuke honge. Dusri

taraf jidhar phal kam pakke udhar paschim disha hogi, kyunki do

pahar tak jab ki surya tapta hai arthrth garmi ki matra jaida hoti hai

aur dopahar bad waha ki matra ya tapan kam ho jati hai. Is prakar

paton, phalon wale pedon par phal,patte jis taraf jaida pile hoti hai ya

jhad chuke hote hain us tarf purab aur uske dusri taraf paschim

disha hoti hai.

10. Vayu disha suchak :- Hawai addon ya kai badi emarton ityadi par inka

suchak yantra lage hue hote hai. Inke upar wala bhag hawa chalne

ke rukh ke mutabik asani se ghumta rahta hai. Iske bich wale bhag

mein charon ki aur sanket lage rahte hai, yeh sanketak sab sthir

rahte hai. Tab in sanketak par likhe nam se hum dishaon ka lag

bhag sahi anuman laga sakte hain


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Bhag No. 2

1. RAAT KE SAMAY UTTAR DISHA MALUM KARNA :-

a. Taron se :- Raat ke samay dhrubtara se uttar disha ghyat kar sakte

hai. Dhrub tara sada uttar disha ki aur rahta hai. Yeh anya taron

se bahut jaida chamkila hota hai aur sirf 2 ¼* ke andar ghumta

rahta hai, is liye yeh apne sthan par sthir ke barabarhi manajatahai. Is se ghyat hone wali uttar disha ko vastavik uttar ya bhouglik

uttar kahte hai. Lekin yeh kewal uttari golaradh mein hi uttar disha

ghyat kar sakte hai. Iski sithi dekhne wale ke sir kethik upar hoti

hai. Arthrth uttari dhrbh mein yeh 90* ka cone banata hai.

Bhumadhya rekha se dekhne par yeh bilkul sky line ke pas dikhai

deti hai. Dhrub tara ghyat karte samay dusre samuh wale taron ki

sahayata lete hai. Jo ki nimn prakar hain :-

(1) Saptari Rishi :- Raat ke samay aakash mein lag bhag uttar disha

mein taron ka vishesh samuh dikhani deta hai. Tara samuh kosapta rishi mandal kahte hai. Is samuh mein saat taare hote hai.

Sapta rishi jab dhrub tare ke charo aur chakar lagata hai to us

samay uske pahle do taroe arthrth sanketak ka rukh sadev dhrub

tare ki aur hi rahta hai.

(2) Sapta rishi mandal :- Sapta rishi mandal ke sanketon ki sahayata

se hum dhrub tare ki pahchan karte hai. Dhrub tare ko ghyat

karne ke liye agar do no. tare ko milate hue. Inke bich ke fasle ke

lagbhag 4 ½ guna lambi ek kaplit rekha kinche to vah rekha ek

jaise ujjwal man tare ko kat-te hue gujregi. Jo aksar mein dusre

taron ki bajaye chamkile dikhai dete hain.

(3) Dhrub tare ke id-grid tara mandal :- Is tare ki stithi malum karne

ke liye 24 gante mein do bar kalpit rekha ka rukh banati hai. Is

stithi mein sapta rishi mandal ke antim do taron ke Madhya dhrub

tara upar ya niche 90* ka cone banata hai.

(4) Cassiopeia :- Jab sapta rishi aakash mein dikhai nahi deta hai to

us avastha mein hum Cassiopeia taron ke samuh mein panch tare

hote hain. Inki banawat English akshar W ke aakar ke conebanate

hai.

Is prakar in samuhon se bhi hum dhrub tara pahchan sakte hai aur

uttar disha ka pata laga sakte hai.

(5) Dakshin khatola :- Uttari golardh mein hum dhrub tare ki mada se

uttar disha ghyatkarte hain, lekin dakshin golardh mein dhrub tara

dikhai nahi deta hai. Isliye dakshin golardh mein dakshin khatola

ki madad se dakshin disha ghyat karte ha. Dakshin khatola ek

patang ke saman char taron ka samuh hota hai. Is prakar dakshin

dhruv mein taron ki madad se hum lag bhag dakshin disha ghyat

kar sakte hain.

Uttar ke prakar :- Uttar tin prakar ki hoti hai :-(a) Vastavik uttar.

(b) Manchitray uttar.

(c) Chumbakiye uttar.

(a) Vastavik uttar :- Dhrub tare se ghyat hone wale taron ko bhougolik

ya vastavik hone wale uttar ko bhouglik ya vastavik uttar kahte hai.

Map par niche se uppar ki aur kale rang se khinchi gayi rekhayen


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kahte hai. Yeh rekhayen sthayi hoti hain. Lekin ek dusre ke

samanantar nahi hoti hai, balki uttari dhruv aur dakshin dhruv par

mil jati hai aur yeh rekhayen bhu-madhy rekha par 90* par cone

banta hai.

(b) Manchitray uttar :- Map par rang ki khadi rekhayen uttar ko parkat

karti hai use hum grid north kahte hai. Yeh rekhayen bhi sthai hotihai aur dusre ke samanantar hone ke karan uttari dhruv ke karan

sanket nahi karti hai. Yeh rekhayen dhruv ke purab ya paschim

mein apne-apne uttar ki aur chali jati hain.

(c) Chumbakiye uttar :- Compass ki sui se ghyat hone wale uttar ko

chumbakiye uttar kahte hai. Yeh rekhayen sthit rehti hai. Iske liye

inko map par nahi dikhaya jata hai. Bharat mein chumbakiye uttar

ki vastavik uttar rekha se lag-bhag rekha se 3* purab ya paschim ki

aur rahti hai. Aisa isliye hota hai ki chumbakiye north ka

sambandh kamada ke uttari tat par buthiya lend namakchumbakiye parvat shila se hai.

SANKSHEP :-Suraksha balo mein is prakar map reading ki pahadi mein tin prakarke uttar ki zarurat padti hai. Map reading mein sikhlai ke liye uttardisha ka bahut mahatwa hai. Raat aur din ke samay uttar dishamalum karne ke sadhno ke bare mein purn jankari ho taki zaruratpadne par uttar disha ghyat karke nipunta hasil kar saken. Yeh lessonmein sabse pahle mein parichay, awashyakta , bhag no. 1 aur bhag no.2 ke zarie barnan kiya gaya tatha ant mein sankshep mein barnan kiya

gaya. Sankshep mein sawal aur jawab se abhiyas kiya jana chahie takipure lesson ka vastavik taur par sahi natija hasil ho sake.

--------------------------------********************------------------------------------------

MR-7SERVICE PRISMATIC COMPASS


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PARICHAY :-Chumbakiye pathar ki khoj ki dishaon ko pata lagane mein aditiyaparivartan aya. Isse pahle dishaon ko malum karne ke liye prathmiksadhno ki madad li jati thi. Bad mein chumbakiye sui ki visheshta kaparyog kar disha ka pata lagan eke liye compass namak ek yantra kaabishkar kiya gaya jiska ka ki aaj bahutayat mein istemal kiya jara hahai.PARIBASHA :-Compass gol dibiya ke aakar ka yantr hota hai, jisse lagi hue sui kisahayata se hum dishaon, degreean aur bearing malum kar sakte hain.

MAHATWA :-Map reading ki sikhlaike atirikt compass ka paryog sabhi prakar kisuraksha bal jaise, navy, air force, army, paidal sena vah ardhasuraksha bal, ladai ki sthiti mein sahi sthan par pahunch kardushman par fire dalne, thikano ka pata lagana aadi ke liye bhi prayogmein late hai.Bhag No. 1(A) COMPASS KE PRAKAR :-

Upyog ke adhar par compass do prakar ke hote hain :-(A) Kewal dishayen batane bali compass :-

Yeh tin prakar ke hote hain :-(1) Pocket ya watch compass, yeh disha malum karne ke kam aata hai.

(2) Through Compass :- Yeh ayatkar hota hai aur plane table par uttar

rekha khinchne

vol-4 outdoor subjects for ct-gd general training

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