Vocabulary

1. Bourgeoisie

2. Deficit spending

3. Faction

4. Émigré

5. Republic

6. Suffrage

7. Nationalism

8. Secular9. Plebiscite10. Annex11. Blockade12. Guerrilla warfare13. Abdicate14. legitimacy

The French Revolution and Napoleon

(1789-1815)

24 questions

Part 1- Setting the Stage/ Problems

*Three Social Classes

• The clergy, or First Estate

• The nobility, or Second Estate

• Third Estate– *Bourgeoisie=upper

middle class) – *Sans-culotte=lower

middle class– Peasants=approx. 90%

*Problems in 1789

• Social discontent– 3rd estate paid for everything

• Severe financial crisis– Deficit spending

• Serious food shortages– Bread riots

• King Louis– Pleasure before country– Weak and indecisive

Third Estate defied the king• Claimed they

represented the people• *Proclaimed

themselves the National Assembly– After thinking the king

had locked them out of the meeting

• *Tennis court oath

*Bastille- July 14,1789

• Angry Parisians stormed the Bastille thinking that it had weapons

• Event that quickly became the symbol of the French Revolution.

98 were killed

73 wounded

National Assembly-Ended feudal Privileges

-Issued the *Declaration of the Rights of Man

-Set up limited monarchy

Part 2- French Revolution

European Nobility’s Reaction

• *June 1791 Louis and Marie try to escape but are caught

• *Denounced the reforms of the French Revolution

• *By 1792, France was at war with most of Europe.

*The Jacobins• Radical revolutionaries take control to the

Assembly• Declare war on Europe’s tyrannical

monarchs

4 Stages of The Revolution

*Stage One• 1792, radicals control National Assembly

– Abolished monarchy– In 1793, Louis XVI (June) and queen Marie

Antoinette (Oct) executed*Stage Two

• July 1793-1794– *Committee of Public Safety- religious toleration,

outlawed slavery– 40,000 French citizens to their deaths on the

guillotine

The Guillotine

• 10/10/1789 On the second day of the Assembly debate about the Penal Code, Dr Guillotin submitted a proposition in six articles which included a recommendation that death, without the accompaniment of torture and by means of decapitation, should become the sole and standard form of capital punishment in France.

*Stage ThreeThe Directory 1795-1799

• Convention members turn on the committee• New constitution

– Causes chaos

• Politicians turn to a military hero– Napoleon Bonaparte (stage four)

• *1799 France had changed– Monarchy gone– Church under state control– Nationalism grew– State schools, social security

Part 3- Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna

The Age of Napoleon• *Rise to power

– War Hero– 1799 - 3 man Consulate– 1802 named himself 1st Consul– 1804 crowned himself Emperor of

France

• *Reforms– Price control, public school– New Industry, public works– *Napoleonic Code

• Equality before the law• Religious toleration• Merit advancement

*Napoleon’s Grand Empire1804 to 1814

• Subdued great European powers

• Built a vast empire by annexing lands, making alliances, and war – In Spain he put his brother

Joseph on the throne

*The Russian Campaign

• Sent his Grand Army (600,000)• Scorched earth• 10,000 returned

The End of an Era• 1st Downfall• Spurred by rising nationalism

– European nations rebellions – Failed invasion of Russia

• Napoleon Abdicated (1813)

• Return– The French were afraid the old ways would return– Napoleon escapes and many soldiers flock to his banner– March 1815 he enters Paris to cheering crowds

• 2nd Downfall– June 18, 1815 he meets his Waterloo– Exiled to St. Helena

*Napoleon Legacy

• Code, constitution, elections, property rights, education

• Spread revolutionary ideas, sparked nationalism, Louisiana territory

*The Congress of Vienna

• Tried to restore stability and order in Europe.

• Redrew national boundaries• Restored hereditary monarchies• Created the Concert of Europe

– To maintain the balance of power

– To suppress any uprisings inspired by the ideas of the French Revolution

Industrial Revolution is next