visualizing technology chapter 9 – networks and communication become our fan at facebook copyright...

Visualizing Technology

Chapter 9 – Networks and Communication

Become our fan at FacebookCopyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Visualizing Technology

Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Visualizing Technology

CHAPTER 9

1. Discuss the importance of computer networks.2. Compare different types of LANs and WANs.3. List and describe the hardware used in both wired and

wireless networks.4. List and describe the software and protocols used in

both wired and wireless networks.5. Explain how to protect a network.6. Identify the certifications and careers related to

computer networks.


CHAPTER 9 – RUNNING PROJECT

•Questions about computer networks and communication.


Article 1 – From Sneakernet to Hotspots

Objective 1 – Discuss the importance of computer networks.A computer network is two or more computers that share resources. Network resources can be software, hardware, or files. Computer networks save us both time and money and make it easier for us to work.

Before computers were connected in networks, moving files between them involved physically putting them on a sign and carrying the disk to the new machine. This is referred to as “sneakernet”


Peer-to-Peer Networks•Home P2P network (below)•No centralized authority•Workgroup


Windows 7 Network and Sharing Center•Configure sharing options •Printer connected to desktop – share printer with notebook through home network •Network map


Homegroup•Network a group of W7 computers•Share pictures, music, video libraries and printers•Home Premium•Professional•Ultimate•Enterprise•Homegroup set up (right)•GEOGHAND-TAB (vista)


Client-Server Networks•Server provides centralized network•Log in•Access granted to resources


Windows Home ServerA network operating system specifically designed to be used on a home network.

Use the Internet to find out more about it.

What features does it include? What are the hardware requirements? How much does it cost? Is it worth it?


Server•Multiuser computer system•Runs a networking OS (NOS)•Provides services•Clients•Small to large


Key Terms•Client•client-server network•computer network•homegroup•network resource•P2P•server•workgroup

3 Things You Need to Know•Computer network•P2P•Client-server network

Running Project•Examine the network settings on your computer as described in this article. Does it belong to a workgroup? A homegroup? A client-server network? What resources does it share?

•Include a screen shot of the Network and Sharing Center and other screen that you used to find this information.


How To – Share Files and Printers using a Windows HomegroupPart A – Create a Homegroup1. Check if your computer belongs to

a homegroup.2. Open Windows Explorer.3. Click Homegroup.4. If one doesn’t exist, you can create

one.5. Click Create a homegroup.6. Take a screen shot of this window

and paste it into your document.7. If you don’t see the option, skip to

Part B.


8. Choose what you want to share and then click Next.9. Which resources were shared by default? Which resources did you choose to share?10. A homegroup password is automatically generated. Use this password on your other Windows 7 computers to join the homegroup.


Part B – Join a Homegroup1. Open Windows Explorer, click

Homegroup.2. If you don’t belong to a

Homegroup but Windows detects one, you’ll see the message Share with other home computers running W7.

3. Click Join now.4. If you already belong to a

homegroup, skip to Part C.5. Choose what you want and click

Next.6. Click Finish.


Part C – Examine Homegroup Settings1. On a computer that belongs to a

homegroup, open the Network and Sharing Center by clicking the network icon on the taskbar.

2. Click Choose homegroup and sharing options.

3. Under Share libraries and printers, check the resources that you want to learn.

4. Take a screen shot of this window, paste it into your document, and then click Save changes at the bottom of the page.

5. Take a screen shot of the Media streaming option window. Are there any devices that are blocked?

6. Click OK to return to the Change homegroup settings window.

7. Click Change advanced sharing settings.

8. Examine the settings for the Home or Work profile and the Public network profile. How are they different? How are they the same?

9. Save this file as:Lastname_Firstname_Ch09_HowTo



Article 2 – LANS and WANSObjective 2 – Compare different types of LANs and WANs.

Networks come in many different shapes and sizes.

In this article, we discuss some of the most common types of networks you’ll find in both homes and businesses.


Small Networks•LAN •Home network – P2P•Business LAN – client-server network•Computers, printers, servers, network hardware all connected (left)

Personal are network•PAN – Bluetooth•Limited range – 30 to 300 feet•Low-power Class 2 radio – 30 feet and 3Mbps•Mice, keyboards, white boards, headsets, cell phones, PDAs, cameras, media players, video game consoles and printers•WLAN – WiFi



Ethernet•How data is transmitted over a LAN•Most widely implemented•Transmit signals over twisted-pair-cable, fiber-optic cable, and WiFi•10Mbps to 10 Gbps•Max speed dependent upon type of media and hardware•100 Mbps Ethernet


Large Networks•WAN•Multiple locations•Connects multiple LANs with dedicated lines and routers•Example – College with multiple campuses•Slower and more expensive than LAN


VPN•Virtual private networks•Private network through Internet•Encrypted for security


Enterprise Network•Campus Area Network (CAN)

•LANs connected to each other using routers

•Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)•Covers a single geographic area

•Storage Area Network (SAN)•Massive amounts of information to move and store•Between data storage devices and the servers on a network

•Cellular Networks•Cell towers•3G and 4G


Key Terms•CAN•cellular network•Ethernet•LAN•MAN•PAN•VPN•WAN•WLAN

5 Things You Need to Know•LAN•Wireless network types•Ethernet•WAN•VPN

Running Project•Make a list of networks that you use.•Include home, cellular, work, and school networks.•Label each as a LAN, WAN, or one of the other network types described in this article.•List the devices you use to connect to each.•What resources do you access?


Article 3 – The Networking HardwareStore

Objective 3 – List and describe the hardware used in both wired and wireless networks.

Every network has two major components:

Hardware – to create the physical connections between devices and

Software – to configure the resource and security.

In this article, we look at the hardware needed to create different types of networks.


Network Adapters•Hardware for P2P less complicated than client-server network•Simplest P2P – two devices sharing files usingwireless•Example – beam data from a smartphone to aComputer•Network adapter (left) – RJ-45•Twisted-pair, Ethernet cable, Cat-5


Wired Networks•Speed, location, and security•Bits per second•1,000 megabits per second•FastEthernet connections = 100 Mbps•Less interference•More secure


Wireless Networks•WiFi homes and hotspots – IEEE 802.11 standards•USB wireless adapter•WiFi Alliance•WLAN•Ad hoc network•Infrastructure wireless network•3G or 4G adapter•Network icon on taskbar

•Right – 3G adapter, Bluetooth adapter, modem, wired Ethernet adapter,Wireless adapter


A comparison of WiFI standards


Network Hardware•Dial-up modem•Cable, DSL – digital modems•FiOS – optical network terminal (ONT)•Wireless routers


Router•Connects two or more networks together

•Home network to the Internet

•Address information•Route data packets•Home network – router is a convergence device•Backbone of internet•Network map (right) shows both a router and a switch


Wireless Access point•Device that allows wireless devices to join a network much like a switch•Built-in router or separate device•Large WAN may have many WAPs


Devices found in a home network


Firewall•Blocks unauthorized access•Software firewalls – W7•Hardware firewalls – router or standalone device•Check outgoing and incoming data packets•Filters


Key Terms•ad hoc network•firewall•infrastructure wireless network•modem•network adapter•ONT•router•switch•WAP

4 Things You Need to Know•Network adapter•Modem and ONT•Router•Firewall

Running Project•Open the Network Connections window as described in this article.•What adapters are installed on your computer?•What type of networks do they connect to?•Which of them are connected now?•Include a screen shot of the window.


Article 4 – The Softer SideObjective 4 – List and describe the software and protocols used in both

wiredand wireless networks.

Network hardware allows devices to physically connect to each other, but it’s the software and protocols that allow them to communicate with and understand each other.

In this article, we look at network operating systems, communication software, and protocols that make a network work.


Peer-to-peer Network Software•Operating systems•Client for Microsoft Networks•To verify that Client is installed:

•Open Network and Sharing Center•Click Change adapter settings•Right-click the active adapter•Choose Properties (right)

•W7 Workgroup•Running Mac OS X to a Windows network•Mac belongs to the same workgroup

•Linux

An Ubuntu Linux computer can detect a Windows workgroup (right)



Client-Server Network Server•Client makes requests•Server fulfills•Microsoft Server OS•Domain•Log in to multiple servers•Security database•Special client software (e-mail, FTP, etc.)

Using a Web browser as an e-mail client (right)

Network Operating System•NOS•Controls software and hardware•Multiple clients communicate with the server•Centralizes resources and security


Servers•Classified by the type of services they provide•Common services include:

•File and print•E-mail•Database•Web chat•Audio/video•Applications

•Most common network OS•Microsoft Windows (2003, 2008)•Linux (Red Hat, SUSE)•UNIX (HP-UX, IBM AIX, Sun Solaris)•Novell (Netware, SUSE)



Network Protocols•Hardware connects devices•Protocols allow communication•Define rules between devices•Rules determine how data is:

•Formatted•Transmitted•Received•Acknowledged

•Without protocols, no communication


TCP/IP•Transmission control protocol / Internet protocol•Most important•Suite that defines how to:

•Transfer files (FTP)•Web pages (HTTP)•Sending (SMTP)•Receiving e-mail (POP)

Network Protocols TCP/IP Stack



TCP/IP•Internet protocol•LAN•Default for Windows, Mac, Linux•Version 4 or 6•IP address•DHCP protocol


Server Virtualization•Utilizes idle computer capabilities•Example – Exchange e-mail server and an Apache Web server on the same computer•Run at same time, sharing hardware but not interacting•To client they appear to be separate servers•Component of cloud computing•Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)


Mac ProtocolsBefore the need for Internet access necessitated the use of TCP/IP, Mac computers used different protocols to talk to each other. Use the Internet to find out how they did this.


Key Terms•domain•IP•NOS•protocol•TCP•TCP/IP

5 Things You Need to Know•P2P•Domain•Clients•Server software•Protocols

Running Project•Make a list of networks you can use.•Include home, cellular, work, and school networks.•List the software clients that you can use to connect to each.•What resources do you access?•Do you use different clients to access different resources?


Article 5 – Protecting Your NetworkObjective 5 – Explain how to protect a network.

A few years ago, network security was only a concern to network administrators in large businesses; but today, with networks everywhere, it has become a larger problem.

Just as you use layers of security at home – fences, door locks – the same approach should be used with network security.


Layer 1 – The Fence

•Firewall•Home – router•Business – stand-alone device•Examines data packets•Shield


Layer 2 – Door Locks

•Network configuration•Access•Usernames•Strong passwords


Layer 3 – Alarm Systems•Software-based firewalls (below)•Antivirus•Detects breaches

Layer 4 – Guard Dogs•Up-to-date•Raise difficulty level


Ethics•Piggybacking•Why not?•Statutes vague•Detection•Wardriving•Wardriving communities


Key Terms•piggybacking•wardriving

4 Things You Need to Know•Firewall•Passwords•Antivirus and antimalware software•Up-to-date and secure

Running Project•Make a list of networks you can use.•Include home, cellular, work, and school networks.•List the software clients that you can use to connect to each.•What resources do you access?•Do you use different clients to access different resources?

Article 6 – What Can I Do With Knowledge About Computer

Networks?Objective 6 – Identify the certifications and careers

related to computer networks.You’ll find computer networks in every type of business, and knowing how to access network resources is a critical skill for most employees.

However, there are some technical certifications and careers that require more extensive knowledge and skills..



Certifications•CompTIA•Network+

•A+•Linux+

•Microsoft•MCTS•MCITP

•Cisco•Five levels•CCENT

•Network Administrator (right)

•Security+•Server +


Chapter 9 Objectives Recap

1. Discuss the importance of computer networks.2. Compare different types of LANs and WANs.3. List and describe the hardware used in both wired and

wireless networks.4. List and describe the software and protocols used in both

wired and wireless networks.5. Explain how to protect a network.6. Identify the certifications and careers related to computer

networks.


All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

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