vision and reality
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Chapter 7 JeffersonVision and Reality
What was Jefferson and the Republicans vision?
What was the reality?What about his stance on the Federal
Government?Who would be the true leaders?
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Patterns of Education
• What would keep everyone together—if you don’t have a strong federal government?
• “virtuous and enlightened citizenry”• “crusade against ignorance”• A seed was planted
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• Schooling became the responsibility of private institutions—who received an education?
• Poor?• Women?• “Paternal vision of society”? white men preside benevolently over
everyone else
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Republican Motherhood
• But what about the mothers?—educate the women but only to make them better wives and mothers—no advance schooling
• 1784 Judith Sargent Murray• -equal in intellect and potential• -same educational opportunities than men• -same economic opportunities• -establish a separate sphere for herself• How was she viewed at the time?
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Native Americans
• “noble savages” not “necessarily inferior”• Educate to assimilate-who?
• African Americans?
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Higher Education
• Elitist-One in a thousand went to college—classics and theology
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The Practice of Medicine
• University of Pennsylvania-Benjamin Rush• Practitioners• Bleeding and purging
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Cultural Aspirations
• In terms of Culture, what did Americans want?• We were politically independent and now we
wanted to be culturally independent• What does that look like?
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Noah Webster
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American Writers-struggled to create a somewhat native literary culture
• Washington Irving-• Mercy Otis Warren• Mason Weens
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Religious Skepticism
• Religion declines again—why??
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Reasons for Decline
• The Revolution• --secular affair• --promoting separation of church and state• --human logic• “universalism and Unitarianism”• Only about 10% of white Americans during
this time were members of a Church• Soooooooooooooo…..
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Second Great Awakening
• The First Great Awakening emphasized Calvinist traditions and the deep depravity of human beings and believed they could only be saved through the grace of God.
• S.G.A. placed a greater emphasis on humans’ ability to change their situation for the better-asserting their ‘free will’-in choosing to be saved –everyone could be saved—salvation through good works—more optimistic.
• Women and African Americans participate and play a more active role
• Outcome: reform movement-slavery-moral issue
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Stirrings of Industrialization
• While the US was busy winning its independence, England was in the process of an industrial revolution.
• And in the US????• Samuel Slater-spinning mill• Oliver Evans-automated flour mill• Eli Whitney-cotton gin and interchangeable
parts
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Trade and Transportation
• To becoming industrial, a country needs a system for transporting raw materials to factories and finished goods to market.
• Markets??• Transporting??• Oliver Evans, John Fitch, James Watt and
Robert Fulton—steamboat• Turnpikes