virus status of the texas grape industry - aggie horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · virus status of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry
2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER WorkshopHill Country University Center, Fredericksburg
June 19-20 2017Sheila McBride Program Extension Specialist
Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Lab
![Page 2: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
o Obligate parasites - must have living host to replicate, cannot be cultured/grown in the classic way such as on growth media,
o Reproduce only inside infected cells,o Depend on the aid of vectors
(insects, nematodes, humans), propagation or the environment for their dissemination (spread).
Virus Biology
![Page 3: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Viruses infecting Grapevine
o Grapes are hosts to >70 infectious agents globally
o 15 families, 26 genera, several unassigned species
![Page 4: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Major Virus DiseasesLeafroll
Rugose Wood
Photo: Debra GolinoFanleaf
![Page 5: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Major Virus Diseaseso Redblotch disease is becoming an emerging
threat to the sustainability of the US grape industry
![Page 6: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Grapevine Leafroll Disease (GLD)
o Most widespreado Associated with several distinct closteroviruseso Most GLRaVs belong to genus Ampeloviruso Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3)
is predominant
GLRaV-3 (18,498 nt)
p5
GLRaV-2 (16,494 nt)
GLRaV-1 (17,647 nt)5’ RdRp 3’Hsp70 h p55
p21p24
p5MET HEL CP
CPmCPm
RdRp 3’5’
p20 p4
p7
PRO
MET HEL p21
CPmp6 p55
CP
RdRp3’5’ Hsp70 h p63
p19p24p6PROPRO
MET HEL CPm CP
p20PRO
Hsp70 hGLRaV-3 (18,498 nt)
p5
GLRaV-2 (16,494 nt)
GLRaV-1 (17,647 nt)5’ RdRp 3’Hsp70 h p55
p21p24
p5MET HEL CP
CPmCPm
RdRp 3’5’
p20 p4
p7
PRO
MET HEL p21
CPmp6 p55
CP
RdRp3’5’ Hsp70 h p63
p19p24p6PROPRO
MET HEL CPm CP
p20PRO
Hsp70 h
Photo: Rayapati Lab
![Page 7: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
GLD Symptoms: Discoloration
Cabernet Franc
Chardonnay
Photo: Rayapati Lab
Photo: Rayapati Lab
![Page 8: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
GLD Symptoms: Leaf Rolling
Merlot
Chardonnay
Photo: Rayapati Lab
Photo: Rayapati Lab
![Page 9: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
‘Leafroll-like’ Symptoms
P deficiency
GLDMechanical Injury
Photo: Rayapati Lab
Photo: Rayapati LabPhoto: Rayapati Lab
![Page 10: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Transmission of GLRaVs
Mealybug
Soft scaleVegetative
cuttingsPhoto: B. Bahder
Photo: B. Bahder
o And understanding of virus vector life cycle useful for disease management
![Page 11: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Detection of GLRaVs
M Samples (+) (-)M Samples (+) (-)
Serological assays(ELISA)
Molecular assays(RT-PCR)
![Page 12: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
GLD Spread Within VineyardGLD incidence = 20%
Photo: M. Al Rwahnih
![Page 13: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
GLD Spread Within VineyardGLD incidence 5 years later = >60%
Photo: M. Al Rwahnih
![Page 14: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay
![Page 15: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Negative Impacts of GLD
‘Healthy’
GLD+
o Reduced fruit loado Delayed and uneven
ripeningo Reduced sugaro Increased acidityo Dependent on variety,
clone, rootstock, site, season, leafroll type and strain
Grape cv. ‘White’ Emperor
o Mixed infections of multiple viruses often results in enhanced negative impacts
Photo: M. Al Rwahnih
![Page 16: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fanleaf (GVFL) o Caused by several
nepoviruseso Possess RNA genomeso Vegetatively
transmittedo Field spread mainly by
vectors: longidorid (needle) nematodes
o Associated with fruit yield losses and vine decline
![Page 17: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Grapevine Redblotch Disease
![Page 18: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
GRBaV is widespread in the US
Source: M. Al Rwahnih
![Page 19: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
o Posses a circular ssDNA genomeo Three-cornered Alfalfa Hopper, Spissistilus
festinus, identified recently as a vector• Other vectors currently being investigated
Grapevine redblotch-associated virus
![Page 20: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
GLD-like Impacts of Redblotch
Source: Poojari et al., 2013
![Page 21: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Virus Survey in Texas Vineyards
o Sample collection• Growers and Viticulture Specialists
o Sample preparation, ELISA and/or RT-PCRo Gel electrophoresis
![Page 22: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Blanc du Bois(GLRaV-3+ )
Photo credit: Fran Pontasch
![Page 23: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Redblotch Symptoms
Photo credit: Fran Pontasch
![Page 24: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Viruses detected 2016
o Based on analysis of 115 samples
![Page 25: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Predominance of Mixed Infections
Negative (14.8%) Not tested
(1.7%)
Single virus(27.8%)
5 viruses
4 viruses
3 viruses
2 viruses
![Page 26: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Austin, Hildalgo, Gillespie, Terry,Harris, Victoria, Lynn, Walker
AustinHildalgoGillespieTerryMcClennanHockley Walker
GLRaV-3
GRBaV
![Page 27: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
o First Report of Tobacco ringspot virus Infecting an American Hybrid Grape Cultivar in TexasJune 2017, Volume 101, Number 6 Page 1062https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0111-PDN
o Nepovirus- Transmitted by a nematode• Xiphinema americanus ( Dagger )
Additional Findings - 2016
![Page 28: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
o Soil samples collected from the TRSV positive vines• Xiphinema sp. detected,• PCR pending for detection of virus from nematodes collected.
o 50 Samples submitted• ELISA results for GVLRa-3 and GVFL
• GVLRa-3 7 positives found in 3 Blanc du Bois, 1 Victoria Red, 1 Black Spanish, 1 Sangiovese, and 1 wild mustang.
• GVFL All samples negative.• PCR results pending for Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1,
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2, 3, 4, Tobacco ringspot virus, Grapevine fanleaf virus, Grapevine virus A and B, Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, Grapevine red blotch-associated virus.
Update on 2017 Findings
![Page 29: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Managing Grape Virus Diseases
o Propagate clean nursery stocks• Buy only from certified nurseries
o Practice area-wide vector management• Use IPM tactics: insecticides, parasitoids, mating
disruption
o Manage virus alternative hosts • Free-living grapes in riparian habitats
o Overall goal is to ‘Start Clean’ and ‘Stay Clean’
![Page 30: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Disease & VirusMonitoring
DiseaseImpact
Assessments
Education &Outreach
VectorManagement
Study VectorBiology
VectorIdentification
Clean NurseryStocks
ProductiveVineyard
R&D Needs for a Growing Industry
o Virus disease management will be critical to maintaining a productive vineyard
![Page 31: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sending samples to TPDDL
![Page 33: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
o Representation of transition area between symptoms being observed.
o Entire plant if possible, if not foliar symptoms and subsample of root tissue.• Fresh and kept fresh.
o Complete information (completed form)• Note dates/times (when did symptoms begin to
appear?).• Description of chemical management practices in
the past 4 weeks.o Photographs helpful when putting the
pieces of the puzzle together.
Proper sampling can ensure a proper diagnosis
![Page 34: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry - Aggie Horticulture · 2017. 6. 21. · Virus Status of the Texas Grape Industry. 2017 Advanced GRAPE GROWER Workshop. Hill Country University](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081620/611c1ac822874418d95e851b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Thanks to the Senate Bill 881
Questions?