Vincent MASSAUT 24/10/2006

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Final meeting tasks Final meeting tasks TW5-TSW-001, -001B, -002TW5-TSW-001, -001B, -002

Recycling issuesRecycling issues

IntroductionIntroductionV. MassautV. Massaut

23-24 October 2006

UKAEA, Culham, United Kingdom

V. Massaut 24/10/2006

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The waste and recycling aspect is of very The waste and recycling aspect is of very high strategic importancehigh strategic importance

• the claim on low radioactive waste production from the claim on low radioactive waste production from fusion must be substantiated and based on solid analysisfusion must be substantiated and based on solid analysis

• the recycling process is the main part of the waste the recycling process is the main part of the waste minimization processminimization process

• recycling materials always produces secondary waste; it recycling materials always produces secondary waste; it should be interesting to know which proportion these should be interesting to know which proportion these wastes representwastes represent

• the sorting and classification of materials cannot be the sorting and classification of materials cannot be based on the radiation level alonebased on the radiation level alone

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Two tasks were launched Two tasks were launched for this purposefor this purpose

• TW5-TSW-001: TW5-TSW-001: Study on Recycling of Fusion Activated Materials,Study on Recycling of Fusion Activated Materials, which covers a large overview of the recycling loop for which covers a large overview of the recycling loop for fusion materialsfusion materials

• TW5-TSW-001B (05-1268): TW5-TSW-001B (05-1268): Complex Recycling of Fusion Activated MaterialsComplex Recycling of Fusion Activated Materialswhich mostly covers the return of experience from the which mostly covers the return of experience from the nuclear industry to deal with rather highly active nuclear industry to deal with rather highly active materials for recyclingmaterials for recycling

There were already tasks carried out under TW3and TW4 preparing the approach.

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Some questions needed to be answered…Some questions needed to be answered…

• It is not obvious that all the materials and parts can be It is not obvious that all the materials and parts can be recycled; what is the return of experience to date ?recycled; what is the return of experience to date ?

• The radioactivity is not the only parameter leading to recycle The radioactivity is not the only parameter leading to recycle or not; what are the other parameters to look at ?or not; what are the other parameters to look at ?

• Recycling “noble” or valuable materials involves also other Recycling “noble” or valuable materials involves also other challenges (separation, metallurgy, refining, machining, challenges (separation, metallurgy, refining, machining, joining, leak-tightness, changes in properties,…); what is the joining, leak-tightness, changes in properties,…); what is the current experience and what need to be developed ?current experience and what need to be developed ?

• What is the experience in remote handling for all these steps What is the experience in remote handling for all these steps (dismantling – separation – raw material processing – (dismantling – separation – raw material processing – machining and fabrication)?machining and fabrication)?

• Are there needs for further R&D (like e.g. mechanical testing Are there needs for further R&D (like e.g. mechanical testing of reused material)?of reused material)?

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Therefore it was proposed to work in stepsTherefore it was proposed to work in steps• Define components and Define components and materialsmaterials involved; Determine volumes involved; Determine volumes

& masses+ properties + main boundary conditions & masses+ properties + main boundary conditions • Define activity limits for the dismantling, (melting), fabrication or Define activity limits for the dismantling, (melting), fabrication or

reuse (&waste )reuse (&waste )• Define duration before recycling, activation of materials and Define duration before recycling, activation of materials and

decay time (depending on parts & components concerned)decay time (depending on parts & components concerned)• Estimate storage capacity needed or limits. Compare with Estimate storage capacity needed or limits. Compare with

existing storage facilities. existing storage facilities. • Summarize the whole process and cycle Summarize the whole process and cycle • Category of wastes (based on international standards) and on Category of wastes (based on international standards) and on

results of the cycle analysis results of the cycle analysis • Define the categories of materials based on the different routes Define the categories of materials based on the different routes

in the cycle in the cycle • Define the needed R&D Define the needed R&D

Fin

alis

ed

In parallel, study on the so-called “Complex Recycling” industrial experience

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Some “results” were already presented Some “results” were already presented at the SOFT’06 conferenceat the SOFT’06 conference

6Li enrichment allowing reuseHigh activity

Li-containing materials (liquid Li, Li-Pb, ceramics pebbles)

Recycling process to developHigh activityHigh value or scarce materials

Route

to be

defined

Medium

to high

activity

Remaining components: Various geometries and materials Various activity Physical properties

Melting / crushing< 1000 Bq/g

< 10’s μSv/hLow value, low radiation

Free releaseClearance

Index < 1Clearable

RouteLevelCategory

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One should notice that we tend to step One should notice that we tend to step away from former classification…away from former classification…

• The notions of NAW, SRM, CRM and PDW need The notions of NAW, SRM, CRM and PDW need to be revisitedto be revisited

• As discussed at the monitoring meeting we should As discussed at the monitoring meeting we should look at the origin of some of these levels (like the look at the origin of some of these levels (like the one for NAW, the one between SRM/CRM, the one for NAW, the one between SRM/CRM, the upper limit of CRM etc…)upper limit of CRM etc…)

• The names were not always judiciously chosen The names were not always judiciously chosen (NAW and PDW in particular)(NAW and PDW in particular)

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……to propose a new approachto propose a new approach

• Based on actual recycling Based on actual recycling possibilitiespossibilities

• Based on current radioactive Based on current radioactive waste and materials classificationwaste and materials classification

• Tending to avoid the use of Tending to avoid the use of arbitrary limitsarbitrary limits

• Using internationally accepted Using internationally accepted limits and levels, used and defined limits and levels, used and defined in different fields (like e.g. the in different fields (like e.g. the IAEA clearance index, the ICRP IAEA clearance index, the ICRP 60 recommendations etc)60 recommendations etc)

6Li enrichment allowing reuseHigh activity

Li-containing materials (liquid Li, Li-Pb, ceramics pebbles)

Recycling process to developHigh activityHigh value or scarce materials

Route

to be

defined

Medium

to high

activity

Remaining components: Various geometries and materials Various activity Physical properties

Melting / crushing< 1000 Bq/g

< 10’s μSv/hLow value, low radiation

Free releaseClearance

Index < 1Clearable

RouteLevelCategory

CI<<1 D<10 μSv/h D < 2mSv/h D > 2mSv/h

Cleared Hands on “Shielded” Remote Handling

Example:

Can produce

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……or even more developed classificationor even more developed classification

Specific activitySpecific activity RouteRoute Dose RateDose Rate ProcessProcess

CI<1CI<1 ClearanceClearance

< 10< 10μμSv/hSv/h

ClassicalClassical

(melting, (melting,

milling, milling, powdering,powdering,

etc.)etc.)

<1000Bq/g<1000Bq/gMelting in Melting in existing existing

foundriesfoundries

Levels to defineLevels to define

RecycleRecycle

oror

StoreStore

oror

DisposeDispose

<2mSv/h<2mSv/h

Shielded work Shielded work (some (some

foundries; few foundries; few developments)developments)

>2mSv/h>2mSv/h Remote Remote handlinghandling

proposal

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In parallel, there was also another taskIn parallel, there was also another task

• TW5-TSW-002:TW5-TSW-002:Watching brief activities in the field of radioactive Watching brief activities in the field of radioactive waste management and decommissioningwaste management and decommissioning– Report on the implications from the differences between

IAEA TECDOC 855 and RS-G-1.7. – Report on review of the Radioprotection optimization

planning tools and use for fusion plant

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The agenda was distributed…The agenda was distributed…The main points are: The main points are:

• Introduction (this presentation)Introduction (this presentation)• Rationale for the SRM/CRM levels definitionRationale for the SRM/CRM levels definition (following (following

discussion at the monitoring meeting)discussion at the monitoring meeting)• Monitoring of Monitoring of TSW-001TSW-001 including 9 deliverables… including 9 deliverables…• LunchLunch• Monitoring of Monitoring of TSW-001BTSW-001B 1111from only 1 Associationfrom only 1 Association• Monitoring of Monitoring of TSW-002TSW-002 including 2 deliverables including 2 deliverables• Future actions and plan for Future actions and plan for deliverydelivery of the final reports of the final reports • Discussion on the Discussion on the tasks outcomestasks outcomes • Proposal of Proposal of potential future workpotential future work

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Before letting you present and discuss…Before letting you present and discuss…

• I would like to set the scene and put the task into I would like to set the scene and put the task into perspective….perspective….

Nice sites to visit….

Nice sites to visit….

Brussels

Paris