Name: Period:

Unit 3: Progressive EraInteractive Vocabulary

Word Definition Analysis1. The Grange (Farmers’ Alliance—142) Founded in 1867 to serve as a

social club for farmers to help them overcome rural isolation and to spread information about the new farming techniques

Grew into farmers encouraging economic and political reforms, such as establishing machinery and storage cooperatives, and campaigned for increased government regulation of the railroads

What industry was taking advantage of farmers?

2. Interstate Commerce Act (77, 142) Required railroads to charge fair rates to their customers and make those rates public

Created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to investigate complaints and enforce the Act

Why did the government have to become involved in shipping?

How does this act affect Laissez Faire economics?

3. Populist Party (143) The Populists, or People's Party, (1890s) tried to secure political and economic reforms benefitting farmers, industrial workers, miners, or the “common man”, to battle banking and railroad interests

Wanted government to take a larger role in ending oppression, injustice, and poverty

Coinage of silver to increase money supply

What De Tocqueville Value does this political party value?

4. William Jennings Bryan A leading American politician from the 1890s until his death

He was a dominant force in the Populist wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as its candidate for President of the United States (1896, 1900 and 1908)

Why would anyone want to run three times for President and never win?

US Gov

Private Business—Rail Road

5. Cross of Gold Speech (145) Speech by the presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan in 1896

Demanded to end the gold standard to increase the money supply

Wanted to include silver in currency

Praised farmers and denounced (or spoke against) bankers for “crucifying mankind on a cross of gold”

Why would he want to increase the money supply?

6. Progressivism (160-161) The movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms

Era where certain people/groups tried to fix the problems created by the corruption and growth of the Gilded Age

Read through your vocab—List two people who would be considered Progressives:

1.

2.

7. Social Gospel (163-164) The idea that churches should address social issues in their communities

The church should be the group that helped those in need—not the federal government

Do you agree with the social gospel—or do you think the government should be responsible for helping the poor? Why or why not?

8. Robert M . Lafollette (167) U.S. leader of the Progressive Movement

Governor of Wisconsin (1901–06) and U.S. Senator (1906–25) noted for his support of reform legislation such as the initiative, referendum, and the recall

Supported the 17th amendment

What branch of government did Lafollette help reform?

9. Initiative (166) Process by which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot to be voted on

Who does the initiative give power to—the government or the people?

10. Referendum (166) If a small percentage (5-15%) of Who holds the power to add a

all voters sign a petition requesting it, a recently passed law must be placed on the state ballot so that voters can either keep or remove it

referendum to a ballot?

11. Recall (166) The right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected officials from office

Voters have the power to vote an elected official out of office before his or her term ends

What type of politicians did we learn about in Unit 2B who would likely be removed?

12. Pendleton Act Reduced political appointments based on politicians “helping out” their supporters

Required job candidates to pass a civil service examination to prove their qualification

What system from Unit 2B does this Act end?

13. Jane Addams (164) Established settlement houses which helped poor residents/immigrants in urban communities

Known for Hull House, the most famous of the settlement houses

Did Jane Addams’ actions show a belief in Social Gospel or in Social Darwinism?

14. Settlement House (164) Institution located in a poor neighborhood that provided community services to the poor and incoming immigrants (for free)

Programs such as English classes, daycare for working parents, and work study

Do these settlement houses earn profit (make money) from their community work or are they a community service?

15. Muckraker (162) Reporters and journalists who reported on corrupt politicians and other problems in society

For example, Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle about the gruesome details of the working conditions of the meatpacking industry in Chicago

In today’s society can you give an example of a Muckraker? (someone who exposes government corruption)

16. Lincoln Steffens Muckraker who published articles in McClure’s Magazine

What unit 2B vocab term was Steffens responsible for exposing?

—Articles became part of his work “Shame of the Cities”

His reports exposed how corrupt politicians won elections by bribing and threatening voters, and revealed how political corruption affected all aspects of life in a city

(What controlled the city governments during the Gilded Age?)

17. Ida Tarbell She was a muckraker and publisher.

She criticized Standard Oil Company in her book “A History of the Standard Oil Company” for its monopolistic practices

Whose company was Ida Tarbell exposing in her book? (who owned Standard Oil?)

18. Upton Sinclair (163) Socialist muckraker Shocked the nation when he

published The Jungle

How is Sinclair a Muckraker?

19. The Jungle (163) This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meatpacking industry

The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act

Which president would read this book and become inspired to pass the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act?

20. Jacob Riis (163) Photographer and Muckraker Wrote HOW THE OTHER HALF

LIVES which showed the world how the lower classes lived (showed the suffering of the poor) mainly through evocative photographs

How is Riis a muckraker?

21. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (165) A fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911 killed 146 people, mostly women

What do you think—Should the owners of the factory face any criminal charges for the deaths of their employees?

They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground

Showed the world the poor working conditions of sweatshops and let to federal regulations to protect workers

22. Ida B. Wells (170) Wells was characterized as a militant and uncompromising leader for her efforts to abolish lynching and establish racial equality

Published her own newspaper

What is lynching?

23. Trustbuster (182) Someone who breaks up a trust into smaller companies

Using the political cartoon can you give an example of a ‘trust buster’? (or use Google)

24. Theodore Roosevelt (180-186) 26th president Known for: conservationism,

trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, and his "Square Deal"

Was a trustbuster—however he believed in ‘good’ and ‘bad’ trusts

Also in the Unit 4 Vocab

What was his political campaign called?

25. Square Deal (181) Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all

Domestic policy program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection

What three areas did the ‘square deal’ focus on?

1.

2.

3.

26. Meat Inspection Act (183) Roosevelt urged Congress to pass this act which required meat that was to be sold across state lines to be inspected by federal agents

Also allowed inspection of meat

What book might have inspired Roosevelt to want this act passed?

processing plants

27. Pure Food and Drug Act (183) The act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs

Ads like the one in the example were very common during this time period

Why should foods be truthfully labeled?

28. Conservationist Someone who is in involved with environmental protection

Wants to protect nature for future generations and manage natural resources wisely

Read through your vocab—list two men who would be considered a conservationist:

1.

2.

29. John Muir (183) He campaigned for preservation of wildlife, that nature should be untouched

The Birth of the Preservation Movement began in the 1870s because of his efforts

What other vocab person might John Muir agree with when it comes to the environment?

30. Gifford Pinchot (184) U.S. forestry and conservation pioneer

Helped plan the U.S. system of forest reserves (later national forests).

He established the nation's forest-service system

What did Pinchot create?

31. William H. Taft (185-186) Began by following TR’s policies then switched to his own which included more government involvement in business

He approved the Payne-Aldrich Act (1909) and he pushed Congress to pass the Mann-Elkins Act (1910), which gave the government control over telephone and telegraph rates

He dropped Roosevelt's distinction between good trusts and bad trusts

According to his description does Taft fully support Laissez Faire economics? WHY?

32. New Nationalism (186) Roosevelt's progressive political policy in 1912 election

What political party did TR form to use this platform in 1912?

Favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice

33. Bull Moose Party Nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912

TR split from the Republican party and voted when the Republican party refused to nominate him again in 1912

What party did TR split due to the Bull Moose Party’s creation?

34. Woodrow Wilson (186-189) 28th president Created Federal Reserve,

Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, and women's suffrage (reluctantly)

Also in Vocab 4 and 5

Is Wilson a progressive president?

35. New Freedom Similar to T.R’s “New Nationalism”

This was Wilson’s plan for the 1912 election

Place strict government controls on corporations

In a speech on the New Freedom, Wilson outlined his aim to provide more freedom for small businesses.—Does this idea fit with the policy of ‘laissez faire’ economics?

36. 16th Amendment (187) Gave Congress the power to pass an income tax

Before the income tax, federal taxes were based on what your property was worth, which was easy for rich people to avoid by putting in in others’ names

How do we pay income tax?

37. 17th amendment (167) Direct election of senators If the 17th amendment gave the people the power to vote for

senators --then how were senators chosen before?

38. Clayton Anti-trust Act 1914 (188) Law passed in 1914 (under Wilson) to strengthen federal antitrust enforcement by spelling out business activities that were forbidden

Passed to give more strength to the enforcers than the previous Sherman Anti-trust Act

Why was this act passed?

39. Federal Trade Commission (188) An independent agency of the United States federal government

Their job is to maintain fair and free competition

Established in 1914 under President Wilson

Why would an agency need to ensure fair competition? (what do you call a company that has no competition)

40. Federal Reserve System (188) A 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks

gave government the power to control the money supply

The federal reserve system gave who the power to control the money supply?

41. Temperance (169-170) Movement founded by the WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union) seeking legislation designed to limit alcohol consumption

Why would women (or Christians) want to restrict the availability of alcohol?

42. 18th Amendment Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

What previous vocab term was applied to a group who was seeking legislation designed to limit alcohol consumption?

43. Francis Willard (170) Was an American educator, How are temperance and

temperance reformer, and women's suffragist

Her influence was instrumental in the passage of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution

women’s rights related to one another?

44. Suffragist (170-171) A person who campaigned for women's right to vote such as: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Alice Paul

What amendment would have the suffragists supported?

45. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony (170)

Social reformers who campaigned for women’s rights, for temperance, and abolition

They helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association

They were suffragists—which means they supported what?

46. 19 th Amendment (173) In August of 1920 this amendment gave women the right to vote

Suffrage = the right to vote

What was the last amendment that EXPANDED the right to vote to a new group?