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Monica RothArchaeology of College Hill1 Oct 2013

Keeney Quadrangle

Keeney Quadrangle is the largest freshman dorm on campus; with the capacity to house

585 students, it provides a home for roughly one-third of every first-year class. It was built

under the reign of President Barnaby Conrad Keeney, and it was one of many of his projects to

better the school, although it was a controversial move. This legacy of revamping the school

continues through recent renovations to the dormitory.

Barnaby Keeney was born in Oregon in 1914, but moved to Colorado and Connecticut as

he grew up. Before obtaining a master’s degree and a Ph.D. from Harvard, he completed

undergrad at the University of North Carolina. He then went on to teach for a few years at

Harvard and serve with the 35th Infantry during World War II, where he was given multiple

awards. After studying in Europe for a year, he become assistant professor of medieval history

at Brown, and he soon worked his way into the role of Acting Dean of the College, before

becoming a full professor in 1951. He spent some time off working for the Central Intelligence

Agency, which he also did covertly during his presidency, but returned to his deanship and held

the job until he was chosen as the successor to President Henry Wriston in 1955.

In his new role, Keeney sought to expand Brown’s borders. He built the Rockefeller

Library, Barus-Holley, J. Walter Wilson Lab, Hunter Lab, the Computer Lab, and Meehan

Auditorium, and he also bought around 400 acres of additional land, although he was prepared to

build skyward if necessary. Although his predecessor, Wriston, built dorms for what would

become the hub of Greek Life on Brown’s campus, Keeney built dormitories for the remainder

of the students. In regards to his proposed West Quad, which would later be named Keeney

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Quad in his honor, he said the goal was to “provide a dignified and happy home for the

independents.” He was also responsible for dorms on Pembroke campus, namely Champlin and

Morriss Halls and Emery and Woolley Halls, along with a renovation that turned Hope College

into a dormitory. He wanted to broaden the school’s brand, and to make it as impressive of an

institution as he thought it could be. His success in building Brown was due to his ability to raise

money, and he convinced multiple benefactors to contribute to his projects. To him, Brown was

supposed to be a beacon of education, and he wanted to attract the best students. He said: “The

best way to solve the problem of great increases in college enrollment in the next decade is to

refuse admittance to the unqualified student.” He did increase enrollment by over a thousand

students, but he especially increased the size of the Graduate School, which is ironic considering

his name was bestowed to the lowest level undergraduate housing available, a freshman dorm.

After his presidency at Brown, the president of the United States, Lyndon Johnson,

named him the first head of the National Endowment and Council on the Humanities. By

leaving Brown when he did, he managed to avoid the onslaught of student activism in the late

1960s and early 1970s. He continued to work for the government until he became the first

president of Claremont Graduate School in 1971. He retired in 1976, and died in 1980 in

Providence.

West Quad, which was later named after him, was designed by Thomas Mott Shaw and

built by the Gilbane Building Company. It was built between Benevolent, Brown, and Charles

Field Streets, and it sat on the edge of the University’s campus at that time. It took two years to

complete, beginning in 1955 and opening in 1957 with the capacity to house nearly 600 first year

students. Before construction could begin, however, first the university needed to demolish

homes in the community, which was already a touchy subject considering Wriston’s massive

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destruction to community homes only a few years prior. The community fought construction,

petitioning that the university keep two buildings and integrate them into the new building. This

was rejected, and the properties were destroyed, which led to the establishment of the Providence

Preservation Society, which strives to keep historical buildings in the city intact.

The quad takes the shape of a blocky number eight, or “an enclosed H,” and it contains

two courtyards flanked on all sides by student rooms. In its original construction, all of the

individual houses within Keeney could be accessed without ever needing to leave the building

and reenter it. The houses are made up of multiple floors, and since Keeney is built into a slope,

at the upper end of the hill the entrance is onto the second floor with only the first floor

underneath, but at the lower end the entrance is on the first floor with the basement level

underneath. These individual houses were named for faculty members: Everett, Bronson,

Jameson, Mead, Archibald, and Poland.

Everett is an homage to Walter Goodnow Everett, an instructor of Greek and Latin and

later Professor of Philosophy in 1894. Bronson was named for Walter Cochrane Bronson, who

served as an English professor from 1892 until his retirement in 1927. Jameson comes from

John Franklin Jameson, history professor from1888 to 1901, later leading the charge to create the

National Archives. Albert Davis Mead began as professor of comparative anatomy in 1900, but

finished his time as professor of biology in 1936. Raymond Clare Archibald was professor of

mathematics from 1911 until 1943. Poland is named for William Carey Poland, who served as

professor of classics and art, beginning as an instructor of Greek in 1870 and retiring as professor

of the history of art in 1915, at which point he served in various capacities at other schools. The

lounges also bear the names of Provost Samuel T. Arnold and Vice President Bruce Bigelow.

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Two years after his death, West Quad was renamed for the president in office during its creation,

Barnaby Keeney.

Keeney Quadrangle remained relatively the same until it was renovated before the class

of 2016 arrived for the first time on campus, and the final renovations were completed for the

class of 2017. The university made the decision to revamp Keeney by repainting rooms,

installing new carpets and lights, giving it a clean, hotel type feel. Elevators were also installed,

and although previous classes could freely pass between houses, the class of 2017 must be

careful which doors they enter so they can use their IDs to get to their rooms. These renovations

were part of a university goal to make freshman dorms look nicer and provide a homier feel for

incoming students. They also shifted sophomore dorms around, clustering them closer to the

center of campus, and strove to have juniors and seniors in suites and apartments.

President Barnaby Keeney had a vision of expanding Brown’s borders, and his namesake

dormitory contributes to this goal, having ushered in a new kind of residential life for Brown

students outside of the established Wriston Quad. This goal of keeping Brown a welcoming

place for each incoming class is demonstrated in the renovations put into the building in recent

years, and it will continue to be improved upon in the future.

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Images

Destroyed buildings before Keeney’s construction—From the Brown Daily Herald

Newly-renovated lounge—From the Brown Daily Herald

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Keeney now-Photos by Author

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Bibliography

Li, Sophia. "When Building Brown Meant Burning Bridges." Brown Daily

Herald[Providence, RI] 23 Oct. 2009: n. pag. Print.

Jordan-Detamore, Greg. "Campus Housing to Be Renovated, Transformed." Brown Daily

Herald [Providence, RI] 13 Feb. 2013: n. pag. Print.

Mitchell, Martha. "Archibald, Raymond C." Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Brown

University, 1993. Web. 01 Oct. 2013.

Mitchell, Martha. "Bronson, Walter C." Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Brown University,

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Mitchell, Martha. "Everett, Walter G." Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Brown University,

1993. Web. 01 Oct. 2013.

Mitchell, Martha. "Jameson, John Franklin." Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Brown

University, 1993. Web. 01 Oct. 2013.

Mitchell, Martha. "Keeney, Barnaby C." Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Brown University,

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Mitchell, Martha. "Keeney Quadrangle." Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Brown University,

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Mitchell, Martha. "Mead, Albert D." Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Brown University, 1993.

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Mitchell, Martha. "Poland, William Carey." Encyclopedia Brunoniana. Brown

University, 1993. Web. 01 Oct. 2013.

Phillips, Janet M. Brown University: A Short History. Providence, RI: Office of

University Relations, Brown University, 1992. Print.