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BTEC National Level 3 Subsidiary Diploma in Sport

14

UNIT 17

PSYCHOLOGY FOR SPORTS PERFORMANCE

Sports performance is not only about the levels of skill and tactics or the levels of fitness that sports performers have, of equal importance are the psychological considerations that impact on sports performance. Performers need to have good levels of motivation and team players need to be able to function effectively within their teams. During this unit we will look at the effects that the different psychological factors can have on sports performance. This will include looking at: Personality, Motivation, Stress, Anxiety and Group Dynamics

CONTEXT

SCENARIO

You have been given a placement with the Sports Psychologists at the Subject Support Sports Academy. The Sports Academy works with young sports performers that have the potential to succeed. Your role on placement is as an assistant Sports Psychologist. You have been attached to one of the Sports Psychologists that works with one of the teams within the academy. During your time on placement you will develop your knowledge and understanding of the following aspects of sports psychology: Personality and Motivation, Stress, Anxiety, Arousal and Group Dynamics and you will also put together a psychological skills training programme.

UNIT 17


ASSESSMENT TASK 1. (P1/ P2/M1/D1)

Learning Outcome 1 know the effect of personality and

motivation on performance

Personality and Motivation

SCENARIO

As part of your placement at the Subject Support Sports Academy, the Sports Psychologist that you are assisting wants you to begin to develop your knowledge and understanding of some of the key areas of Sports Psychology, beginning with how personality and motivation effect performance.

TASK

The Sports Psychologist that you are assisting has asked you to produce a booklet for the young scholars. In the booklet, they have asked you to define personality and how it can affect sports performance (P1). You also need to describe motivation and how it affects sports performance (P2). You also need to explain and evaluate the effects of personality and motivation on sports performance (M1/D1).

START DATE:

HAND-IN DATE:

UNIT 17

ASSESSMENT TASK 1 (P1/P2/M1/D1). HELPSHEET

GRADING CRITERIA

PASS

MERIT

DISTINCTION

P1: DEFINE personality and how it affects sports performance

P2: DESCRIBE motivation and how it affects sports performance

M1: EXPLAIN the effects of personality and motivation on sports performance

D1: EVALUATE the effects of personality and motivation on sports performance

USE OF KEY VERBS

VERB

PLAIN ENGLISH

Define

Give the precise meaning of a certain topic. You may need to use a quotation to give a definition. (E.g.) A definition of personality is the sum of the characteristics that make a person unique

Describe

Try to Paint a picture in words. Assume that the person that you are Describing to does not know anything about the subject that you are describing. Tell them what you have learned.

Explain

Once you have described the subject, often you will need to give further details and reasons why. (E.g.) Once you have described Englands poor performance in the World Cup, you may also give some reasons why the players did not perform as well as they could.

Evaluate

To complete an Evaluation you need to gather EVIDENCE and make a JUDGEMENT based upon the evidence. You should use the evidence that you have gathered to back up your opinion. (E.g.) If you think that Carlos Tevez is the best striker in the League you need to use statistics goals to game ratio/ assists etc., as well as opinion of media experts to back up this judgement.

NO.

Learner Checklist(Steps to Success)

TICK WHEN COMPLETE

Learner

Assessor

1

Assignment Title: Personality and Motivation

2

In your booklet, give a definition of personality gather some information to enable you to do this. Paint a picture of how personality can affect sports performance.

You may wish to consider some of the following areas:

PERSONALITY: Definition: theories (Martens Schematic view, psychodynamic theory, trait theory, situational approach, interactional approach); types ( type A and B); effects on sports performance (athletes versus non athletes, individual versus team sports, elite versus non-elite athletes, type A versus type B)

(Evidence towards P1)

3

Paint a picture in words of motivation and how it affects sports performance

Include the following:

MOTIVATION: Definition; views (trait centred, situation centred, interactional view); types (intrinsic and extrinsic); theories (e.g.) achievement motivation, attribution theory; effects on sports performance (positive, negative, future expectations of success and failure; developing a motivational climate


4

Give further details and provide reasons (where appropriate) for the effects of personality and motivation on sports performance. Once youve gathered all of your evidence make some judgements using the evidence that you have to back up your judgements for the effects of personality and motivation on sports performance.

(Evidence towards M1/D1)

USE IMAGES TO MAKE YOUR WORK INTERESTING

UNIT 17


ASSESSMENT TASK 2 (P3)

Learning outcome 2 know the relationship between stress,

anxiety, arousal and sports performance

STRESS AND ANXIETY

SCENARIO

Now that you have developed your appreciation of the effects of personality and motivation on sports performance. As an assistant to the Sports Psychologist at the Subject Support Sports Academy, the sports psychologist wants you to look at other areas of psychology that affect sports performance.

TASK

The Sports Psychologist has asked you to produce some leaflets that can help to educate future scholars in the Academy. The leaflets need to describe stress and anxiety, the causes, symptoms and their effect on sports performance. (P3). The leaflets need to be colourful and informative so that they catch the eye of future scholars and provide them with the necessary information.

START DATE:

HAND-IN DATE:

UNIT 17

ASSESSMENT TASK 2 (P3). HELPSHEET

GRADING CRITERIA

PASS

P3: DESCRIBE stress and anxiety, their causes, symptoms and effect on sports performance

USE OF KEY VERBS

VERB

PLAIN ENGLISH

Describe


NO.


TICK WHEN COMPLETE

Learner

Assessor

1

Title: Stress and Anxiety

2

In your leaflets, Paint a picture in words of stress and anxiety. Look at the causes and symptoms of stress and anxiety and the effects that they can have on sports performance.

You may wish to consider the following:

STRESS: definition; types (eustress and distress); causes (internal, external, personal, occupational, sports environments); symptoms (cognitive, somatic and behavioural); effects on sports performance (nervous system responses, negative mental state, loss of self-confidence and concentration)

ANXIETY: definition; types (state and trait anxiety); cause (negative effect of stress); symptoms (cognitive, somatic and behavioural); effects on sports performance (negative mental state, loss of self-confidence and decreased expectations of success, fear of failure)



UNIT 17


TASK 3 (P4/M2)

Learning outcome 2 know the relationship between

Stress, anxiety, arousal and sports performance

Theories of Arousal

SCENARIO

The Sports Psychologist at the Subject Support Sports Academy that you are assisting is really impressed with the effort and quality of the work that you have produced so far. The Sports Psychologist really feels that your knowledge and understanding has really improved through the tasks that you have completed so far.

TASK

The Sports Psychologist has asked you to produce a report on arousal theories. In the report you need to describe and explain three theories of arousal and the effect on sports performance (P4/M2).

START DATE:

HAND-IN DATE:

UNIT 17

ASSESSMENT TASK 3 (P4/M2). HELPSHEET

GRADING CRITERIA

PASS

MERIT

P4: DESCRIBE three theories of arousal and the effect on sports performance

M2: EXPLAIN three theories of arousal and the effect on sports performance

USE OF KEY VERBS

VERB

PLAIN ENGLISH

Describe


Explain


NO.


TICK WHEN COMPLETE

Learner

Assessor

1

Assignment Title: Theories of Arousal

2

Paint a picture in words, give further details and provide reasons (where appropriate) for three theories of arousal and the effect that it can have on sports performance.

You need to consider the following:

AROUSAL: definition; theories (e.g.) drive theory, inverted U hypothesis, catastrophe theory, individual zones of optimal functioning, effects on sports performance (improvements and decrements in performance level, changes in attention focus, increase in anxiety levels, choking.

(Evidence towards P4/M2)


UNIT 17


ASSESSMENT TASK 4 (P5/M3/D2)

Learning Outcome 3 know the role of group dynamics in

team sports

Group Dynamics

SCENARIO

You have gone past the halfway mark during your placement at the Subject Support Sports Academy as an assistant Sports Psychologist, time flies when you are having fun. The Sports Psychologist now wants to turn your attention to how teams perform.

TASK

As an Assistant Sports Psychologist at the Academy, the Sports Psychologist that you are assigned to wants you to conduct some research and produce some posters that look at group dynamics. The posters need to identify, explain and analyse four factors that influence group dynamics and performance in team sports. (P5/M3/D2).

START DATE:

COMPLETION DATE:

UNIT 17

ASSESSMENT TASK 4 (P5/M3/D2). HELPSHEET

GRADING CRITERIA

PASS

MERIT

DISTINCTION

P5: IDENTIFY four factors which influence group dynamics and performance in team sports

M3: EXPLAIN four factors which influence group dynamics and performance in team sports

D2: ANALYSE four factors which influence group dynamics and performance in team sports

USE OF KEY VERBS

VERB

PLAIN ENGLISH

Identify

Create a List of KEY FEATURES. (E.g.) Steven Gerrards strengths are: aerobic endurance, goal scoring ratio etc.

Explain


Analyse

You need to SELECT the KEY POINTS and EXPLAIN each point providing REASONS for each point and also looking at POTENTIAL IMPACTS. (E.g.) If you were looking at the performance of Barcelona you may pick out the key points in their success Money, Lionel Messi, Iniesta etc.. You would then explain the contribution of each player and also look at what the club could do to regain the Champions League next season

NO.


TICK WHEN COMPLETE

Learner

Assessor

1

Assignment Title: Group Dynamics

2

Create a List, give clear details and select the key points, giving reasons for each point and looking at any potential impacts for FOUR factors that influence group dynamics and performance in Team sports

Consider the following:

GROUP PROCESSES. (E.G.) groups or teams; stages of group development (forming, storming, norming and performing); Steiners model of group effectiveness; Ringelmann effect, social loafing; interactive and coactive groups

COHESION: definition (e.g.) task and social cohesion; creating an effective team climate; factors affecting cohesion (e.g.) environmental, personal, leadership and team factors; relationship between cohesion and performance

(Evidence towards P5/M3/D2)


UNIT 17


TASK 5(P6/P7/M4/D3)

Learning outcome 4 be able to plan a psychological skills

Training programme to enhance sports performance

Psychological Skills Training

SCENARIO

The final task of your experience as an Assistant to the Sports Psychologist at the Subject Support Sports Academy is to look at psychological skills and a skills training programme.

TASK

The Sports Psychologist has asked you to produce a report that assesses the current psychological skills of a selected sports performer. In the report you need to identify the strengths and areas to improve of the performer. (P6).

For the final part of this task, the Sports Psychologist has asked you to plan a six-week psychological skills training programme to enhance performance for a selected sports performer. You also need to explain the design of the programme and to justify the design of the programme for a selected sports performer and make some suggestions for improvement (M4/D3).

START DATE:

HAND-IN DATE:

ASSESSMENT TASK 5 (P6/P7/M4/D3). HELPSHEET

GRADING CRITERIA

PASS

MERIT

DISTINCTION

P6: Assess the current psychological skills of a selected sports performer, identifying strengths and areas for improvement

P7: Plan a six-week psychological skills training programme to enhance performance for a selected sports performer

M4: Explain the design of the six-week psychological skills training programme for a selected sports performer

D3: JUSTIFY the design of the six-week psychological skills training programme for a selected sports performer, making suggestions for improvement

USE OF KEY VERBS

VERB

PLAIN ENGLISH

Assess

You need to make a judgement, state your opinion and give some reasons for your answer, using evidence where appropriate (e.g.) Manchester Utd are the best team in the Leaguebecause they have the best goalkeeper in the League... He kept 20 clean sheets last season more than any other goalkeeper.

Identify

Create a List of KEY FEATURES. (E.g.) Steven Gerrards strengths are: aerobic endurance, goal scoring ratio etc..

Explain


Justify

You need to give reasons why you have selected a particular opinion/argument. You must convince the reader why your opinion/argument is correct. (E.g.) Tiger Woods is the best golfer in the worldThis is true because he has won (x) competitions, He has won more prize money etc.

NO.

Learner Checklist (Steps to Success)

TICK WHEN COMPLETE

Learner

Assessor

1

Assignment Title: Psychological Skills Training

2

Make a judgement and give some reasons for your answer for the current psychological skills of a selected sports performer. List the strengths and areas to improve for the sports performer.

Consider the following:

Assessment: Psychological strengths and weaknesses of the individual; identifying psychological demands of sports; performance profiling

Psychological Skills: motivation (e.g.) goal-setting, performance profiling; arousal control (e.g.) progressive muscular relaxation, mind to muscle relaxation, autogenic techniques, breathing control, psyching up techniques; imagery (e.g.) mental rehearsal, controlling emotions, concentration, relaxation, pre-performance routines; confidence building (e.g.) self-talk, positive thinking, changing self-image through imagery.


3

Plan a six-week psychological skills training programme to improve performance for a selected sports performer.

Plan: current situation; aims and objectives; action plan to address aims and objectives; daily and weekly content of the plan


4

Give clear, detailed reasons for the plan that you have designed.

(Evidence towards M4)

5

Put a convincing argument together for the six-week programme. Make some suggestions how the programme could have been improved.

(Evidence towards D2)


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