a mainstreaming strategy for south africa ’s grasslands biome - … · 2008. 2. 21. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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A Mainstreaming Strategy for South A Mainstreaming Strategy for South AfricaAfrica ’’s Grasslands Biomes Grasslands Biome
the principles, policy and approachthe principles, policy and approach
Anthea StephensSouth African National Biodiversity Institute (SANB)
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Overview
• Principles …the building blocks of systematic conservation planning
• Policy …the biodiversity policy context• Approach …developing a grasslands conservation
strategy for implementation
• Addressing national biodiversity priorities, through the national policy framework, in conservationimplementation
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In order to conserve biodiversity effectively, we need to conserve…
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a representative sample of all biodiversity pattern
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ecological processes...
...at the local scale
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…and at the landscape scale
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In order to conserve biodiversity effectively, we need to conserve…
• A representative sample of all biodiversity patternor components of biodiversity – principle of representation
• Ecological and evolutionary processes –principle of persistence
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CONSERVATION GOALS
• Representation• Persistence
Historical emphasis Little attention paid to this in the past
STRATEGY 1Expand and consolidate
protected areanetwork
STRATEGY 2Conservation of
ecosystems in priority areas outside the PA
network
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What is biodiversity planning?
Systematic biodiversity planning identifiescritical biodiversity areas
• Can’t conserve everything
• Need to prioritise
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Systematic approach to biodiversity planning
• Conserve a representative sample of biodiversity pattern (principle of representation)
• Conserve/maintain key ecological processes (principle of persistence)
• Set biodiversity targets – how much do we need to representation and persistence?
– Based on ecological characteristics of biodiversity (veg types, species, aquatic and other features)
– Set in National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment (NSBA)
• Basics of bioregional planning
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National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment (NSBA)
• Spatial component of the NBSAP
• Conducted 2004, published 2005
• First national assessment of biodiversity
• Identifies biodiversity priority areas in marine, terrestrial, river and estuarine environments
• Will be updated every five years
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Biozone Threat StatusCritically endangeredEndangeredVulnerableLeast threatenedIntertidal
Deep photic
Shallow photic
Sub photic
Supratidal
NSBA Ecosystem Status: Terrestrial, River, Marine
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Biodiversity priority areas and bioregional planning
WILD COAST
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NBSAP Strategic Objectives (SOs)• SO1 Policy framework for
biodiversity management
• SO2 Institutional framework for biodiversity management
• SO3 Integrated management of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
• SO4 Sustainable use of biological resources
• SO5 Conservation areas
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NBSAP (2005)
• comprehensive long-term strategy
• 5 Strategic Objectives
• 15-year targetsCB
D r
equi
rem
ent NSBA
(2005)• spatial
component of NBSAP
• geographic biodiversity
priorities
NBF(2008)
• top priority actions (not
comprehensive)• 5 Strategic Objectives
• 5-year targetsBio
dive
rsity
Act
EnvironmentSector Plan
(2008)
NSBA feeds into NBSAP
NBF based on NBSAP &
NSBA
NBF feeds into Environment Sector Plan
Biodiversity Sector Environment Sector
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Developing a strategy for conserving the grasslands
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South Africa’s biomes
29.5% of land surface
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Grasslands gamma diversity
80 different veg types
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Ecosystem Status
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• Approach to the design informed by:– Spatial biodiversity assessment– Agricultural assessment– Land use compatibility assessment– Coal mining assessment– Monetary valuation of grasslands, feasibilities and market
surveys for interventions
Understanding the biome
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Priority clusters
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Land use
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
cultiv
ated
are
asfo
rest
plant
ation
sur
ban
area
s
mine
s
road
swat
erbo
dies
degr
aded
are
asna
tura
l are
as
wetlan
ds
% o
f gra
ssla
nd b
iom
e
22.4
3.6 1.9 0.3 1.2 0.56.4
64.5
Extent of land uses in the grasslands
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Findings on the relative impact of land uses on gra sslands (O'Connor, 2005)
1
1.4
1.9
2.4
3.43.6 3.6
4.04.1
4.54.7
0
2
4
cons
erva
tion
gam
e
lives
tock
tour
ism
dry c
rops
rura
lirr
igate
d cr
ops
diary
timbe
r
mini
ng
urba
n
Land use
Relative impact of land uses
Very compatible High impact
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Achieving conservation goals
• Protected areas– One mega national park– Many small parks
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Achieving conservation goals
• Protected areas– One mega national park– Many small parks
• Mainstream biodiversity into production sectors– High turnover of biodiversity across the landscape – Bulk of biodiversity resides in production landscapes– Critical to capture the value of grasslands ecosystem services
• Desired situation– Outcomes that accommodate biodiversity needs in production
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Barriers
• Address key barriers to mainstreaming– Market failure and lack of incentives– Systemic and institutional capacity weaknesses– Management tools and information
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• Reduce impacts and improve conditions for compatible land uses– Vest responsibility for mainstreaming in production sectors – Engagement across entire supply chain
• Three levels– Policy and regulation– Markets: negotiate trade offs between production and
conservation needs through market mechanisms and incentives – Ground: Demonstration and stewardship
• Sectors– Agriculture, forestry, coal mining, urban
Mainstreaming strategy
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• Lessons– Land use decisions depend on cost/benefit assessment,
biodiversity considerations undervalued– Need to diagnose
• economic drivers in the sector • causes of biodiversity loss in different farming systems • and tailor interventions accordingly
• Intervention example– Pilot improved rangeland management systems– Support biodiversity friendly certification for red meat– Incorporate biodiversity into agricultural policy
Agriculture
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Coal mining
• Lesson– Limited on-site impacts: mining companies are major owners of
land containing important biodiversity– Significant off-site impacts: wetlands and water bodies affected
by abstraction and acid mine drainage
• Intervention– Develop framework and pilot offset schemes in threatened
wetlands through wetland mitigation banking– Ensure biodiversity information is integrated into the planning of
mining operations
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• Success of mainstreaming dependent on cost benefit calculations– Receptive production sector and capacity in conservation – Access to markets– Recognition– Financial incentives and penalties
• Other key lessons– Know what you need to conserve– Supportive policy framework, regulatory drivers needed– Common understanding of mainstreaming
Lessons learnt