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Ionic Bonding NotesAtoms and Ions1. Atoms are electrically neutral- ____________________________________________________________________________
2.Ion- atoms which have either gained or lost electrons- __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a) cation- electrically positive ion- ___________________________________________________________________
b) anion- electrically negative ion- __________________________________________________________________
Valence electrons•Valence electrons - ___________________________________________________________________________________________
•______________________________________________________ Highest energy level occupied by electrons
•For representative elements the ___________________________________________________________________________ (1A - 1e; 4A - 4e, etc)
•Valence electrons are usually ______________________________________________________________________________;
therefore, as a general rule __________________________________________________________________________________.
Lewis Dot Structure•Symbolic description of the distribution of valence electrons in an atom
•It is also known as an ________________________________________________________________________________________
Oxygen Nitrogen Sodium Calcium
Bonds
Octet rule: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Electron Configuration for Cations
Example: Write the electron configuration for K+1
Electron Configuration for Anions
Example: Write the electron configuration for N-3
Oxidation Number•Oxidation numbers indicate ________________________________________________________________________________
•Metals will typically _________________________________________________ to achieve stable configurations,
due to their _________________________________________________________________________________
The result are positive ions (fewer electrons than protons) which are called cations.
•Nonmetals will typically ______________________________________________to achieve stable configurations,
due to their __________________________________________________________________________
•Result are negative ions (more electrons than protons) which are called anions.
Electron Configurations for Transition Metals
Formation of Ionic Compound•Ionic bond - ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Properties of Ionic Compounds–Most of them are _____________________________________________________________________________________________.
–Ions in such crystals are arranged in ______________________________________________
Crystalline Structure of Ionic Compounds
Properties of Ionic Compounds•Ionic Compounds generally have ________________________________________________________________ due to
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
•Ionic compounds are ________________________________________________________________________________________
•Ionic compounds ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Metallic Bonds•Metallic bond - ________________________________________________________________________________________________
•There are forces between these electrons (negative) and cations (positive) - ___________________________________________________________________________________
Properties of Metals•Because of the specific atomic structure, metals are
Crystalline Structure of Metal
Alloys•Alloys are _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
•Alloys have ____________________________________________________________