Grade 8 Social StudiesSpanish and Aztec in Conflict

Chapter 10 & 11 Student Workbook

Name:_______________________

Aztec WorldviewAztec Worldview

“I can” Statements/ Outcomes

General Outcome

8.3.1 I appreciate how a society’s worldview influences the society’s choices, decisions and interactions with other societies (C, I)

8.3.2 I appreciate how Aztec and Spanish identities and worldviews were affected by intercultural contact (TCC, GC, I)

8.3.3 I appreciate and recognize how rapid adaptation can radically change a society’s beliefs, values and knowledge (TCC, GC)

I can…

Develop skills of critical thinking and creative thinking. (8.S.1) Develop skills of historical thinking. (8.S.2) Demonstrate skills of decision making and problem solving. (8.S.4) Demonstrate skills of media literacy (8.S.9)

Chapter 10 and 11 Vocabulary

Define or describe the following terms and names:

Conquistador-

Governor Velazquez-

La Villa Rica de la Veracruz-

Musket-

Smallpox Epidemic-

Intermediary-

Nahuatl/Mayan-

Totonacs-

Tlaxcalans-

Cholulans-

Catastrophe-

Franciscan order-

Mexico City-

Liberation theology-

Ecomienda system-

Mestizo-

Viceroy-

The Day of the Dead-

Modern Day Heroes

There are many ways to define a hero. A hero to one person may not be a hero to another.

Task 1: Make your own criteria for what you would consider a hero. Include at least 4 points.

Read the Fast Forward on page 218 of your textbook about Romeo Dallaire.

Task 2: Answer the following questions:

1. Does Romeo Dallaire fit your criteria of a hero? If not would you consider him a hero anyways? Why or why not?

2. After reading Dallaire’s story, would you change the criteria you made for being a hero? If so, how? If not, why?

3. Google search “Greatest Canadian CBC” to find the list of top 10 Greatest Canadians that was compiled by CBC based on viewer responses. If there are people that you don’t know on the list, use google search to find out who they are. Do you agree with this list? Why or why not? Is there anyone you would add to the list?

Task 3: On page 219 of your text the Voices box demonstrates how Cortes was view differently by the Mexicans than he was viewed by the Spanish. Read the information in the box and then answer the following questions:

1. Based on the painting, what was Christoph Weiditz’s opinion of Cortes? Use at least 1 specific example from the painting in your response.

2. Based on the painting, what was Diego Rivera’s opinion of Cortes? Use at least 1 specific example from the painting in your response.

3. Why do you think that Rivera and Weiditz’s opinions of Cortes differed?

4. Does examining both paintings affect your personal point of view of Cortes? If so, how? If not, why?

Chapter 10 Questions

1. What was the Conquistadors Formula? What does the formula say about the Conquistadors respect for other people?

2. Page 220 outlines cause and effect relationships. Fill out the following chart in a similar manner to theirs. List at least 2 of your own for each category:

3. On page 223 of your text there is a chart of weapons used between the Spanish and the Aztecs. Choose 2 of the weapons that are being

compared, decide which weapon has the advantage and explain why.

Causes Effects: Major Results:

4. In what ways did disease affect the battle between the Aztecs and the Spanish? To whom did it give an advantage and why?

5. What role did Malinche play in the battle between the Aztecs and the Spanish?

6. What was Moctezuma’s first strategy against the Spanish? Was the contact he made peaceful or not? Why did he choose this strategy?

Chapt er 10: A Dea dly Mee tingWorldview Inquiry: How might differences in worldview contribute to the dominance of one culture over

another?

Cortes, the Conquistador:

1) Define conquistador:

2) What does this tell you about the Spanish worldview?

3) Cortes arrived in Hispaniola (now and ) in .

As a child, he was , , ,

, and . He was given

land by the governor. Did this make him happy?

4) What was the Conquistador's Formula? (List 5 points)

5) Who is Romeo Dallaire? What is he known for?

6) How did Cortes become rich? Explain what he did:

An Unequal Fight:

1) , long - like guns were to the Aztec

people. They thought they were . Cannons were thought to be

.

2) What are the 4 advantages that horses gave to the Spanish?

3) Define epidemic:

Like the Black Death, the broke out in Tenochititloan, killing vast

numbers of and weakening .

Invasion:

1) Define intermediary:

Who was the Cortes' intermediary? Explain her importance:

2) Cortes had to implement different

strategies: Totonacs:

Tlaxcalans:

Cholulans:

3) How did the Aztec ruler ( ) react to news of the invasion?

4) Create a flow chart that illustrates the Battle for Tenochtitlan:

Chapt er 11 : Worldvi ews i n Conflic tWorldview Inquiry: How does cultural contact between two societies affect their identity and worldview?

Changing a Worldview:

1) Define catastrophe:

In what ways was the Spanish conquest a catastrophe for the Aztecs?

-

-

-

2) What did the Aztec priests tell the people?

What was the Franciscan order?

What did Cortez do that shocked the Aztecs?

3) Draw and label Figure 11-7:

What are encomiendas?

A New Worldview Emerges:

1) Cortes had promised his soldiers that after he would

. However, after the siege of Tenochtitlan, all was

sent . How had the soldiers made any

money during the wars with the Aztecs?

Cortes' goal was to stay in and make it part of the Spanish .

2) Cortes put 2 policies in place to solve the problem of how to keep Spanish soldiers in Mexico. They

were:

-

-

Cortes was successful with his policies. What had he achieved? (2 things)

3) What is a Mestizo?

4) Why did the King appoint a Viceroy to Mexico?

What did the King of Spain want

from Mexico? When did Mexico

become independent from Spain?

When did Canada become an

independent country?

Performance Assessment

Grade 8 Chapter 10 & 11

Outcomes: 8.3.4.4 In what ways did factors such as technology and disease contribute to the dominance of the Spanish over the Aztec civilization?8.3.4.5 To what extent were the divergent worldviews of the Spanish and Aztecs factors in the dominance of one nation over the other?

Introduction: The conquistador formula was one of the most successful military strategies in history. The Spanish would lure their prey in close and than pounce. They used this formula to conquer many enemies not just the Aztecs.

Instructions: You have read about the conquistador formula, you have become very familiar with how the Aztecs were defeated by the Spanish, rewrite the formula as if you were the leader of a country going to war with another country. With the questions below as assistance, come up with your very own formula to expand your empire. You are required to produce a one- page formula on your plan to take over new lands. Once completed your one page formula, you will then animate you’re plan. Use the five slides to illustrate what it is you plan on doing.

Questions to Consider:

Think about such things as our modern tools of war and what advantage or disadvantage they would bring to this formula.

Consider the tools of war that the opposing side has to use against you. What would give them an advantage on the terrain they are fighting on? Do they think it likely that the leader from the other side of the conflict

would agree to meet with you?

Original Formula:

1. An expedition would set off from a recent colony.

2. After landing in a new region, the Spanish would try to meet peacefully with the first groups of Indigenous people they encountered and try to find out which group in the area was the most powerful.

3. The Spanish would invite the leader of the powerful group to a meeting to exchange gifts. Then the Spanish would seize the leader and threaten to kill him unless his followers obeyed his orders.

4. If they did have to fight, the Spanish preferred to do so on open ground. Their horses, armor, and weapons gave them a huge advantage.

5. The leader of the expedition would remain as governor of the new colony and his second in command would organize the next expedition. The Indigenous peoples would be forced into slavery.

Slide 1:

Slide 2:

Slide 3:

Slide 4:

Slide 5:

Chapter 10Aztec Weaponry vs. Spanish Weaponry

Short Range: War Club Short Range: Sword

Medium Range: Wooden Spear Medium Range: Halberd

Long Range: Atlatl (Spearthrower) Long Range: Crossbow

Instructions: Please take the following weapons and compare them to their counterpart for each category. Please write two sentences as to which reason you think the weapon would beat its counterpart. Please use page 223 in your textbook to help with any questions that you may have.Outcomes:

8.3.4.4 In what ways did factors such as technology and disease contribute to the dominance of the Spanish over the Aztec civilization?

AZTEC Spanish

Medium Range: Wooden Spear Medium Range: Halberd

Long Range: Atlatl (Spearthrower) Long Range: Crossbow

Decision Time: Select the winner and tell us why

Grade 8 Social Studies – The Conquistador’s Formula

1. An expedition would set off from a recent colony.

2. After landing in a new region, the Spanish would try to meet peacefully

with the first groups of Indigenous people they encountered and try to

find out which group in the area was the most powerful.

3. The Spanish would invite the leader of the powerful group to a meeting

to exchange gifts. Then the Spanish would seize the leader and

threaten to kill him unless his followers obeyed his orders.

4. If they did have to fight, the Spanish preferred to do so on open

ground. Their horses, armor, and weapons gave them a huge

advantage.

5. The leader of the expedition would remain as governor of the new

colony and his second in command would organize the next

expedition. The Indigenous peoples would be forced into slavery.

The Conquistadors’ Formula

Complete the following Cause and Effect chart to demonstrate the ideas surrounding the Conquistadors’ Formula for taking over the Aztec empire. Refer to page 218 for help or guidance.

Idea/Cause Effect/Result of their Actions

The History Channel Presents: The Aztec Empire (Part 2)

Directions: Answer the following questions from the first half of the movie with full, detailed sentences.

1. What belief of the Aztecs resulted in the end of the Aztec empire? Why were the Spanish welcomed with open arms into their empire?

2. Describe the different perspectives that the Aztecs and the Spanish had toward gold.

3. Who was Malinche? Why was she a vital part in the Spanish takeover? How is she viewed by people of Mexico today?

4. What was the Aztec secret weapon?

5. How did the Aztecs view the Spanish war practices?

6. How did Cortes use the hatred of the conquered people against the Aztecs?

7. What did Cortes do to Montezuma after he started the takeover?

8. How did Montezuma die? Why do we need to hear multi perspectives regarding his death?

9. What did the Spanish leave behind when they fled in 1577?

10. What was the impact of the Spanish on the Aztecs? How do the Native people of Mexico keep the Aztec culture alive?

Making a Comparison ChartCreate a comparison chart to help answer the following inquiry question; Who had the advantage in the war between the Spanish and the Aztecs and why?

For each category, you must fill in as much information as you can and be able to explain who had the advantage between the two. Once you have answered the questions for the different categories, your organizer will allow you to draw a general conclusion. How did you determine who had the overall advantage in war? ____________________________

Spanish Aztecs Who had the advantage?

Reasons

Religious Views

Economic Motivations

Leadership

Geography