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TRANSCRIPT
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The Venetian Takeover of English Banking
Lesson by Dr . Douglas Gabr iel
How the Venetian System Was Transplanted into England Against Oligarchy, by Webster G. Tarpley, Ph.D.; New Federalist, June 3, 1996.
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Douglas Gabr iel gives a br ief in tr oduct ion to the sum m ar ized ar t icle below. W e suggest that you l isten to h is lecture f i r st , then cont inue reading for detai ls.
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The ol igarchical system of Great Br i tain is not an autochthonous product of
Engl ish or Br i t ish h istor y. I t r epresents rather the tr adi t ion of the
Babylon ians, Rom ans, Byzantines, and Venetians which has been
tr ansplanted in to the Br i t ish Isles through a ser ies of upheavals. The status of
Br i tain as the nat ion foutué of m odern h istor y is due in par t icular to the
sixteenth and seventeenth century m etastasis in to England and Scotland of
the Venetian ol igarchy along with i ts phi losophy, pol i t ical form s, fam i ly
for tunes, and im per ial geopol i t ics. The victor y of the Venetian par ty in
England between 1509 and 1715 bui l t in turn upon a pre-exist ing foundation of
Byzantine and Venetian in fluence.
Venetian in fluence in England was m ediated by bank ing. Venetian ol igarchs
were a guiding for ce am ong the Lom bard bankers who car r ied out the ?great
shear ing? of England which led to the bank ruptcy of the Engl ish King H enry
I I I , who, dur ing the 1250?s, r epudiated h is debts and went bank rupt. The
bank ruptcy was fol lowed by a large-scale civi l war.
I t was under Venetian auspices that England star ted the catastrophic confl ict
against France known today as the H undred Years? W ar. In 1340, King
Edward I I I of England sent an em bassy to Doge Gradenigo announcing h is
in tent ion to wage war on France, and proposing an Anglo-Venetian al l iance.
Gradenigo accepted Edward I I I?s offer that al l Venetians on Engl ish soi l
would receive al l the sam e pr ivi leges and im m unit ies en joyed by
Engl ishm en. The Venetians accepted the pr ivi leges and decl ined to join in
the f ight ing. H encefor th, Engl ish arm ies laying waste to the French towns
and countr yside would do so as Venetian sur rogates. France was in no
posi t ion to in ter fere in the f inal phase of the r ival r y between Venice and
Genoa, which was decided in favor of Venice. The degeneracy of Engl ish
society dur ing these years of Venetian ascendancy is chronicled in the
wr i t ings of Chaucer ? the greatest Engl ish wr i ter of the age ? who was an al ly
of the ant i -Venetian Dante- Petrar ca- Boccaccio grouping.
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H enry VII?s suppression of the ol igarchs displeased Venice. Venice also did
not l ike H enry?s pol icy of al l iance with Spain, secured by the m ar r iage of h is
heir to Cather ine of Aragon. H enry VII in fact sought good relat ions with
both France and Spain. The Venetians wanted England to becom e em broi led
with both France and Spain. Venice was also fundam ental ly host i le to the
m odern nat ion-state, which H enry was prom oting in England. W hen H enry
VII?s son H enry VII I turned out to be a m urderous pro-Venetian psychotic
and satyr , the Venetians were able to r e-asser t their ol igarchical system .
H enry VII I was King of England between 1509 and 1547. H is accession to the
throne coincided with the outbreak of the W ar of the League of Cam brai , in
which m ost European states, including France, the H oly Rom an Em pire
(Germ any), Spain, and the papacy of Pope Jul ius I I del la Rovere joined
together in a com binat ion that bid fair to annih i late Venice and i ts ol igarchy.
The League of Cam brai was the wor ld war that ushered in the m odern era.
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in the m odern era. H enry VII I attr acted the attent ion of the Venetian
ol igarchy when he ? alone am ong the m ajor r u ler s of Europe ? m aintained a
pro-Venetian posi t ion dur ing the cr isis years of 1509-1510, just as Venice was
on the br ink of destruct ion. H enry VII I was for a t im e the form al al ly of
Venice and Pope Jul ius. The Venetian ol igarchy becam e in tr igued with
England.
In 1527, when H enry VII I sought to divorce Cather ine of Aragon, the
Venetian-control led Universi ty of Padua endorsed H enry?s legal argum ents.
Gasparo Contar in i , the dom inant pol i t ical f igure of the Venetian ol igarchy,
sent to the Engl ish cour t a delegation which included his own uncle,
Francesco Zorzi . The ol igarch and in tel l igence operat ive Zorzi ,
consum m ately sk i l led in playing on H enry?s lust and paranoia, becam e the
founder of the power fu l Freem asonic tr adi t ion in the Tudor cour t. Later ,
H enry VII I took the m om entous step of break ing with the Rom an Papacy to
becom e the new Constant ine and founder of the Angl ican Church.
H e did th is under the
expl ici t advice of
Thom as Crom wel l , a
Venetian agent who had
becom e his chief adviser.
Thom as Crom wel l was
H enry VII I?s business
agent in the confiscat ion
of the form er Cathol ic
m onaster ies and other
church proper ty, which
were sold off to r ising
fam i l ies. Thom as
Crom wel l thus served as
the m idwife to m any a
l ine of ol igarchs.
Oliver Cromwell
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Under the im pact of the W ar of the League of Cam brai , the Venetian ol igarchy
real ized the fut i l i ty of attem pting a pol icy of wor ld dom inat ion fr om the t iny
base of a ci ty-state am ong the lagoons of the nor thern Adr iat ic. As was f i r st
suggested by the present wr i ter in 1981, the Venetian ol igarchy (especial ly i ts
?giovani? fact ion around Paolo Sarpi) r esponded by tr ansfer r ing i ts fam i ly
for tunes (fondi), phi losophical out look , and pol i t ical m ethods in to such states
as England, France, and the Nether lands. Soon the Venetians decided that
England (and Scotland) was the m ost sui table si te for the New Venice, the
W ar of the League of Cambrai
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future center of a new, wor ld-wide Rom an Em pire based on m ar i t im e
suprem acy. Success of th is pol icy r equired ol igarchical dom inat ion and the
degradation of the pol i t ical system by wiping out any Platon ic hum anist
opposi t ion.
The overal l Venetian pol icy was to fom ent wars of r el igion between the
Lutherans, Calvin ists, and Angl icans on the one hand, and the
Jesui t-dom inated Cathol ic Counter -reform ation of the Counci l of Trent on the
other. The Venetians had spawned both sides of th is confl ict and exercised
profound in fluence over them . The Venetians insisted on the m aintenance of
a Protestant dynasty and a Protestant state church in England, since th is m ade
confl ict wi th the Cathol ic powers m ore l ikely. The Venetians dem anded an
ant i -Spanish pol icy on the par t of London, general ly to energize the im per ial
r ival r y wi th M adr id, and m ost im m ediately to prevent the Spanish arm y
stat ioned in M i lan fr om gett ing an oppor tun i ty to conquer Venice.
The destruct ion of the Engl ish m ind was fostered by the Venetians under the
banner of m urderous rel igious fanat icism . Under H enry VII I , the Engl ish
populat ion cont inued in their tr adi t ional Rom an Cathol icism , which had been
establ ished in 644 at the synod of W hitby. Then, in 1534, H enry?s and Thom as
Crom wel l?s Act of Suprem acy m ade the Rom an Pope anathem a. Those who
refused to fol low H enry VII I down th is path, l ike St. Thom as M ore and m any
others, were executed. This f i r st phase of Angl ican ism lasted unt i l 1553, when
the Cathol ic Queen M ary I (?Bloody M ary,? the daughter of H enry VII I and
Cather ine of Aragon) took power. M ary re-establ ished Papal author i ty and
m ar r ied King Phi l ip of Spain. Bloody M ary?s m ain adviser in her proscr ipt ions
was Cardinal Reginald Pole, who had l ived in Venice for som e years and was
par t of the im m ediate cir cle around Gasparo Contar in i .
H enry VII I had feared Pole, an heir to the Plantagenets, as a possible pretender ,
and Pole had done everyth ing to exci te H enry?s paranoia. Pole inci ted Bloody
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M ary to car r y out a bloodbath
with 300 to 500 prom inent
vict im s. These executions of the
?M ar ian m ar tyr s? were
im m or tal ized in John Foxe?s
celebrated Book of M ar tyrs
(1554), a copy of which was later
kept in every church in England
and which attained the status of
a second Bible am ong
Protestants of al l types. The events or chestrated by Pole seem ed to m any
Engl ishm en to prove the thesis that a Cathol ic r estorat ion would threaten
their l ives and proper ty.
Bloody M ary died in 1558 and was succeeded by El izabeth I , the daughter of
H enry VII I and Anne Boleyn. From the Cathol ic poin t of view El izabeth was a
bastard, so i t was sure that she would ru le as a Protestant. El izabeth for cibly
r estored her father?s Angl ican or Episcopal Church.
Three t im es with in the span of 25 years the Engl ish populat ion was thus
coerced in to changing their r el igion under the threat of capi tal punishm ent.
Three t im es, the supposedly eternal ver i t ies taught by the vi l lage parson were
turned upside down, clear ly because of dynast ic am bit ion and raison d?état.
The m oral , psychological , and in tel lectual destruct ion involved in th is
process was perm anent and im m ense.
El izabeth?s ant i -Cathol ic and ant i -Spanish pol icies fu l f i l led the basic
Venetian im perat ives. The struggle against the Spanish Arm ada in 1588 also
gave these pol icies an undeniable popular i ty. El izabeth was for 40 years
under the in fluence of W i l l iam Ceci l , whom she created Fir st Baron of
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At the death of El izabeth, Rober t Ceci l
m asterm inded the instal lat ion of the
Stuar t King of Scot land as King Jam es I
of England. Jam es I was an
enthusiast ic suppor ter of Paolo Sarpi
in Sarpi?s 1606 struggle against the
Papal In terdict. Jam es I did th is in par t
by the Pope. Venetian in fluence at the
Stuar t cour t was accordingly very
great. Sarpi even talked of r et i r ing to
England.
Jam es?s feeble pro-Spanish
appeasem ent pol icy bi t ter ly
disappointed Paolo Sarpi , Ceci l?s boss
and the leading Venetian in tel l igence
chief of the era. Jam es m ade peace
Bur leigh and Lord Treasurer. The Ceci ls were notor ious assets of Venice;
their ancestral hom e at H atf ield house was festooned with Lions of St. M ark .
W hen W il l iam Ceci l was too old to act as El izabeth?s control ler , he was
succeeded by h is son Rober t Ceci l , the 1st Ear l of Sal isbury. The
Venetian-Genoese Sir H orat io Pal lavicin i was an im por tant control ler of
Engl ish state f inance.
El izabeth?s econom ic pol icies had strong elem ents of m ercanti l ism . The
num erous industr ial m onopol ies she prom oted had the resul t of establ ish ing
new areas of product ion in the countr y. Ceci l developed the m erchant m ar ine
and the navy. There were taxes to suppor t those unable to work , and a detai led
regulat ion of jobs and work ing condit ions. M any of these successful
m easures were coherent wi th the Venetian desir e to bui ld up England as the
new wor ld em pire and as a counterweight to the im m ense power of Spain.
Rober t Cecil, 1st Ear l of Salisbury
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with Spain in 1604, ending 19 years of war. Ceci l then tr ied to induce Jam es in to
an ant i -Spanish pol icy with a planned provocation ? Guy Fawkes and the
Gunpowder plot of 1605. Sarpi schem ed to un leash the Thir ty Years? W ar
(1618-1648) as an apocalypt ic confrontat ion between Protestant and Cathol ic
Europe, and he wanted England in the fr ay. Jam es?s adviser , Sir Francis Bacon
of the Ceci l fam i ly, urged Jam es to enter the war against Spain and Austr ia, but
Jam es f i r st attem pted to m ediate the confl ict and then did noth ing. Char les I
was equal ly disappoint ing: H e m ar r ied the Cathol ic Pr incess H enr ietta M ar ia
of France and helped France to defeat the French Calvin ists or H uguenots ? a
Venetian asset ? in their str onghold of LaRochel le.
W ith their t i r ades about their own divine r ight, the ear ly Stuar ts were violat ing
a cardinal poin t of the Venetian pol i t ical code. Venice was an ol igarchy ru led
by, at m ost, a few thousand m ale nobles. In pract ice, power belonged to several
dozen patr ician leaders. But no single patr ician was strong enough to
dom inate al l the rest as dictator. The Grand Counci l (M aggior Consi lgio) was
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the general assem bly of the nobi l i ty, and elected the Senate or Pregadi. The
Grand Counci l , using a com pl icated procedure, also elected the Doge or Duke,
who occupied the h ighest post in the state. The Doge was accordingly an
elected and l im ited executive who served for l i fe. This off ice was never
heredi tar y; when one Doge died, a new one was elected by the M aggior
Consigl io. The Doge was sur rounded by h is cabinet or Col legio, including the
m in ister s (savi) of var ious depar tm ents. Under th is system , the Doge was not
the leader of a nat ion and the protector of al l the people, as an absolute
m onarch m ight be; he was the chief funct ionary of a consor t ium of noble
fam i l ies who owned and ran the state for the pr ivate profi t of their own fondi .
For the Venetians, an ol igarchy required the weak executive power of a Doge,
and th is was the system they wanted tr ansplanted in to their clone, England.
England was the countr y where the tr ium ph of the ol igarchs was eventual ly
m ost com plete. This is even clearer i f we bear in m ind that the Engl ish gentr y
and squires cor respond to the level of count in the cont inental t i t led
ar istocracy. The Engl ish gentr y were determ ined that they, and not in tendants
fr om the governm ent in W hitehal l , would ru le in the shir es.
Par l iam entary leaders wanted to establ ish an ol igarchy by the sur render of the
King to Par l iam ent so they could bui ld up a navy and hasten the loot ing of the
Spanish Em pire in the Car ibbean. They wanted a m ore vigorous pursui t of the
slave tr ade. Pym and H am pden asser ted Par l iam entary author i ty by passing
bi l ls of im peachm ent and attainder against r oyal favor i tes l ike Strafford and
Archbishop Laud, the head of the Church of England, who were both executed.
In 1641, Char les I t r ied to ar rest Pym and H am pden. The pro-Venetian City of
London, the por ts, and the south and east of England rebel led against th is
botched coup by the stupid King, who f led nor th. The Engl ish Civi l W ar , or
Pur i tan Revolut ion, was on. M any Engl ish were appal led by the m iserable level
of leadership and wretched program s of both the sides. The civi l war was
ar t i f icial ly im posed by two r ival London cl iques, both under Venetian
in fluence.
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England would be the on ly m ajor European countr y in which a war of
r el igion would be fought between two pro-Venetian Protestant fact ions ? the
Angl ican royal ist caval ier s and the Par l iam entary Pur i tan Roundheads.
Dur ing the f i r st phase of the civi l war , (1642-1646), there em erged two fact ions
am ong the Par l iam entar ian Roundheads. A m ore conservat ive group favored
a l im ited, defensive war against Char les I , fol lowed by a negotiated peace.
They hoped to defeat Char les by using a foreign arm y, preferably the Scott ish
one, in order to avoid arm ing the Engl ish lower orders. The Scots dem anded
for England a Presbyter ian state church on the m odel of their own k ir k ? run
by synods of Calvin ist elders ? but that was what the m ajor i ty of the Long
Par l iam ent wanted anyway. So, th is fact ion cam e to be cal led the
Presbyter ians. Am ong them were the Calvin ist town ol igarchy of London.
The other group wanted total war and eventual ly the execution of the King
and the end of the m onarchy and the H ouse of Lords. This group was wi l l ing
to accept a standing arm y of sectar ian rel igious fanat ics in order to prevai l .
This group was cal led the Independents or Congregational ists. They were
favored by Venice. Ol iver Crom wel l em erged as the leader of th is second
group.
Oliver Crom well
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Oliver Crom wel l was a Venetian agent. Prom inent in Ol iver Crom wel l?s
fam i ly tr ee was the widely hated Venetian agent Thom as Crom wel l
(1485-1540), Ear l of Essex and the author of H enry VII I?s decision to break
with Rom e and found the Church of England. Ol iver Crom wel l (1599-1658)
was descended fr om Thom as Crom wel l?s sister. Ol iver Crom wel l?s uncle had
m ar r ied the widow of the Genoese-Venetian f inancier Sir H orat io Pal lavicin i .
This widow brought two chi ldren by her m ar r iage to Pal lavicin i and m ar r ied
them to her own later Crom wel l ch i ldren. So, the Crom wel l fam i ly was
in t im ately connected to the wor ld of Venetian f inance.
In M arch 1655, Crom wel l decided in favor of a ?thorough? Bonapar t ist
m i l i tar y dictator ship. The countr y was divided in to 11 ad hoc distr icts, and a
m ajor -general of the arm y was put in charge of each distr ict . The
m ajor -generals control led the local m i l i t ia, r an the cour ts, appointed al l
off icials, and suppressed publ ic im m oral i ty. Al l of th is was done arbi tr ar i ly,
wi th l i t t le r eference to law. The ru le of the M ajor -Generals prefigured
European fascism . But they al ienated m any ol igarchs who found th is
in ter ference far worse than that of Char les I .
The second Protectorate
par l iam ent was im pel led by
desperat ion to pass the
H um ble Peti t ion and Advice,
which urged Crom wel l to take
up the crown. But i t was a
doge?s crown, a l im ited
m onarchy of the H ouse of
Crom wel l subject to
Par l iam ent. Under pressure
fr om the arm y generals,
Crom wel l decl ined the t i t le of
k ing but accepted al l the
Oliver Cromwell
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r est. In February 1658, Crom wel l dissolved his last Par l iam ent, and died the
sam e year. Final ly, the arm y spl i t in to pieces; the com m ander of the winn ing
piece, General M onck , joined the new Par l iam ent in r ecal l ing Char les I I , the
son of the executed Char les I .
Observing these events, the pro-Venetian wr i ter John M i l ton ? who had been
Lat in secretar y to Crom wel l?s Counci l of State ? lam ented that the City of
London had concluded that ?nothing but k ingship can restore tr ade.?
M i l ton?s Ready and Easy W ay to Establish a Free Commonwealth, issued in
M arch, 1660, proposed a regim e based on a Grand Counci l along expl ici t ly
Venetian l ines, wi th l i fe tenure and co-optat ion of new m em bers. This could
be obtained, M i l ton thought, by declar ing the Rum p perpetual and capable of
co-opt ing new m em bers when the old ones died off. M i l ton had wanted
rel igious tolerance, but he was wi l l ing to sacr i f ice th is to obtain an ol igarchy
without a single-person executive. M i l ton effusively praised Venice, which
had m ade i ts ?whole ar istocracy im m ovable? with sim i lar m ethods.
Today som e m em bers of the Br i t ish ol igarchy are cal l ing for the end of the
m onarchy and the creat ion of a r epubl ic. W e m ust r ecal l that the last t im e
th is was tr ied, the resul t was the fascist dictator ship of Ol iver Crom wel l and
his m ajor -generals. A ?republ ic? in Br i tain in the ear ly 21st century m ight
turn out to be a m i l i tar y dictator ship rather sim i lar to Crom wel l?s.
Crom wel l?s ru le m arked the tr ium ph of fr ee tr ade, as i t was understood at
that t im e. Al l attem pts by governm ent to supervise the qual i ty of product ion,
to f ix pr ices, to m aintain jobs and em ploym ent, to in fluence
labor -m anagem ent r elat ions, or to in fluence wage rates were whol ly
abandoned. The City of London dem anded fr ee tr ade.
The Anglo-Venetians decided that they were fed up with the Cathol ic,
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pro-French and whol ly useless Stuar t dynasty. Representat ives of som e of the
leading ol igarchical fam i l ies signed an invi tat ion to the Dutch King, W i l l iam
of Orange, and his Queen M ary, a daughter of Jam es I I . John Churchi l l , the
future Duke of M ar lborough, was typical of Jam es? form er suppor ter s who
now went over to suppor t W i l l iam and M ary. W i l l iam landed and m arched
on London. This is cal led by the Br i t ish the ?Glor ious Revolut ion? of 1688; in
r eal i ty, i t consol idated the powers and prerogatives of the ol igarchy, which
were expressed in the Bi l l of Rights of 1689. No taxes could be levied, no arm y
raised, and no laws suspended without the consent of the ol igarchy in
Par l iam ent. M em bers of Par l iam ent were guaranteed im m unity for their
pol i t ical act ions and fr ee speech.
Soon, m in ister s could not stay in off ice for long without the suppor t of a
m ajor i ty of Par l iam ent. Par l iam ent was suprem e over the m onarch and the
state church. At the sam e t im e, seats in Par l iam ent were now bought and sold
in a de facto m arket. The greater the graft to be der ived fr om a seat, the m ore
a seat was wor th. W ith in a few years after the Glor ious Revolut ion there was
a Bank of England and a nat ional debt. W hen George I ascended the throne
in 1714, he knew he was a Doge, the leader of an ol igarchy.
The regim e that took shape in England after 1688 was the m ost per fect copy
of the Venetian ol igarchy that was ever produced. The Venetian Par ty was
broadly hegem onic, and Br i tain was soon the dom inant wor ld power.
The struggles of seventeenth-century England were thus decisive in
par laying the str ong Venetian in fluence which had existed before 1603 in to
the long-term dom inat ion by the Br i t ish Venetian Par ty observable after 1714.
These developm ents are not phenom ena of Engl ish h istor y per se. They can
only be understood as aspects of the in fi l t r at ion in to England of the
m etastat ic Venetian ol igarchy, which in i ts Br i t ish Im per ial guise has
rem ained the m enace of m ank ind.
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The An gl o-Ven et i an Al l i an ce
W ebster G. Tarpley?s descr ipt ion of the in fluence of Venice on London
(CityofLondon) in the ar t icle above is one that is seldom found in a h istor y
book . Yet, i t is qui te tr ue and consistent wi th h istor ians who ?fol low the
m oney? to or iginal sources. H istor y is a col lect ion of biographies and
m onarchies, doges, ol igarchs, and greedy bank ing fam i l ies who often fal l
prey to lower vices and becom e despots in the process. The batt le between
the ?Republ ic? and the m onarchy is descr ibed showing that the idea of the
?divine r ight of Kings? was m ore an econom ic considerat ion rather than a
rel igious one. A single m onarch decided the fate, l i fe, and death of their
subjects based upon loans m ade by W ar lord Bank ing Fam il ies. Those in
control of m oney were m ore power fu l than popes, k ings, and queens. The
f inancing of pol i t ical aim s could restructure a nat ion, a governm ent, a
cont inent.
Dr. Douglas Gabriel summarizes The Venetian Takeover of English Banking which brings to light the Venetian plan to supplant the Roman Catholic Pope, the European monarchy and any others who tried to slow down their insatiable desire for hegemony. The Venetian Republic became the new model for ruling a kingdom through multiple committees of oligarchs who exercise total control over the civic population, including imprisonment for debt or even assassination of those who got in the way of the bankers making money. The financing of war became the biggest business these warlord bankers conducted. The control of kings, queens, popes and despots fell to the control of central banks that came to rule most European nations as monarchs were transplanted by Italian Republics.
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W e wi l l see in the condensed and abbreviated ar t icle next in our bank ing
ser ies, by Gerald Rose, fur ther substant iat ion of the sam e ideas that Venice
and I tal ian central bankers m olded the h istor y and dest iny of the Br i t ish
through devious and im m oral plots to control and dir ect the m onarchy
through quest ionable bank ing pract ices. The cont inuing plans to turn the
Br i t ish m onarchy in to a Venetian Republ ic of ol igarchs is obvious to those who
fol low the path of I tal ian bank ing fam i l ies in fi l t r at ing Br i t ish econom ics.