velondriake “live with the sea” community-based managed protected area madagascar campaign fiji...
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Velondriake “live with the sea” Community-Based Managed Protected Area
Madagascar Campaign
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
The Site (Velondriake)
Spans over 700 km2 , 40km of coast , 23 villagesIncorporating: Coral reefs, mangroves, sea grass beds, baobab forests, spiny forests.
• Community based MPA• Network coordinated management system• Dina (local law and limited national recognition)
• Vezo (indigenous, nomadic, only recently monetized economy)
• Extreme social and economic isolation• Total dependence on marine resources / no
alternatives!• Absolute poverty (under 2$ a day)
• Management was piloted as a fisheries management tool, in order to enhance fisheries revenue (especially octopus)
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
The Strategy
The social marketing campaign will target community leaders, MPA management, local fishermen and the migratory Saraha people to increase compliance and enforcement of the Dina in the Velondriake MPA, in particular in relation to beach seine netting and poison fishing.
The desired behavior change will be the consistent enforcement of the Dina through reporting of illegal activities, participation to Dina enforcement meeting and appropriate fining of poachers (both local and migratory). The campaign will also aim to convince the local community to invite the Fisheries Control Agency to help with patrolling and enforcement of the Dina.
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
CRConservation Result
Increase fish population in the most threatened villages to 20% by 2014
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
KKnowledge
Changing mindsChallenge/Threat: Lack of full commitment from protected area managers and community leaders. Lack of knowledge about the effect of destructive fishing to fish recruitment by resources users.
Solution: Leadership training and effective management skills to leaders; awareness raising to community members and fishermen using destructive fishing.
CRConservation Result
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
AAttitude
Changing heartsChallenge/Threat: community leaders are not willing to execute their role , local fishermen are not involved in the management action and destructive techniques users do not comply to the Protected area
Solution: leaders will feel more responsible of the Velondriake management success; awareness raising will help community members to understand that they also have an important role to play with the Dina enforcement and migrates will understand the objective of the implementation of the MPA and its Dina.K
Knowledge
CRConservation Result
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
ICInterpersonal communications
Changing the dialogueChallenge: Lack of empowerment among community leaders and community members in resources management and Dina enforcement.
Solution: Community dialogue about collaboration between managers/leaders and community members to improve management plan and level of trust.
AAttitude
KKnowledge
CRConservation Result
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
Barrier RemovalBR
Changing the incentivesChallenge: nepotism between community members and fear of migrants fishermen by local community in term of Law enforcement
Solution: Blue ventures staff will help for community dialogue and Fishery controller agency will help to enforce the Velondriake Dina to offenders.
ICInterpersonal Com.
AAttitude
KKnowledge
CRConservation Result
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
BCBehavior Change
Changing behaviorChallenge: Local leaders and community members are not enforcing the Dina, local and migrants fishermen don’t comply to the Velondriake Dina by using destructive methods for fishing
Solution: Complete Dina enforcement by leaders; participation of community members and destructive methods users should stop beach seine or modify their net and use them only in the surface.
BRBarrier Removal
ICInterpersonal Com.
AAttitude
KKnowledge
CRConservation Result
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
BCBehavior Change
TRThreat Reduction
BRBarrier Removal
ICInterpersonal Com.
AAttitude
KKnowledge
CRConservation Result
Changing level of threatChallenge: Fish population are declining due to destructive fishing
Solution: Reduce beach seine net users and Eliminate the use of poison fishing.
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
Target audience
Community leaders (village elders, MPA management, village presidents)
Fishermen (age 15-35) and pirogue owners
Local and migratory beach seine netters
Barriers to Behavior ChangeFIJI BROP WORKSHOP
Desired behavior change
• Enforce the Dina (collect evidence, have meetings and give fines)
• Sign a letter of support to invite Fisheries control
• Raise awareness about the Dina
• Comply with the Dina• Report fishermen who use
destructive fishing techniques (poison and beach seine nets) and compliance with MPA zoning
• Raise awareness about the Dina
• Stop the use of beach seine nets or use them only on the water surface
Barriers to BC
• Fear that fisheries control may override them?
• Fear of FCA to sanction the community and creating conflict
• Some community leaders use/own beach seine nets
• Don’t consider the environmental Dina as important as it is not linked to ancestors (tabu)
• Don’t always recognize the MPA management as the right leaders
• Consider it their tradition and right
• Will get less money
Management OptionsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP
Objective 1: Reduce poison fishing
1. Work with the Velondriake management committee and community leaders to determine how people will investigate cases of poison fishing and enforce the Dina on poison fishers, and fish buyers
2. Night armed youth patrol to check activities from shore
Objective 2: Reduce beach seine netting
3. Gear Exchange for local fishermen and also with migrant Saraha people. Once local fisherman stop the practice, it will be easier for communities to call fish enforcement agency or enforce the Dina.
4. Fisheries Control Agency (Ministry of Fishing and Agriculture) to raise awareness and enforce DINA and national fishing legislation. Train community leaders to report cases of beach seining to Fish Enforcement Agency.
5. Lobby Mayor and Gendarmerie for gendarme presence in Bevato to protect
local population from Saraha thereby enabling them to enforce Dina. 6. Work with the Velondriake management committee and community leaders to
determine how people will investigate cases of beach seine netting, resolve conflicts and enforce the Dina on beach seine fishers
Impact Feasibility
3 2
3 2
2 1
4 2
3 1
1 3
BRAVO (Barrier Removal Assessment Viability Overview)
FIJI BROP WORKSHOP
TBDTBDTBD
44 3 3.63 324 3.5 2.833
Questionnaire resultsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP
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Results from preliminary pilot questionnaire (N160):
• 30 elder or village president, 15 pirogue owners, 8 V . Community committee members
• 95% of people think that the marine resources in the Velondriake area are decreasing
• 28% (40) of people cited beach seine netting as one of the reasons for decreasing marine resources
• 30% (43) of people cited poison fishing as one of the reasons for decreasing marine resources when asked to evaluate
• Almost nobody has ever enforced the Dina in relation to Poison fishing and beach seine netting but almost everybody says that they are willing to attend a meeting to enforce it in the future
• 4 people say that they have reported someone breaking the Dina before (2 once and 2 3 times)
• 28 people say they have given a warning to someone about breaking the V. Dina
Questionnaire resultsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP
xxXxxx
Results from preliminary pilot questionnaire (N160)
Level of trust for different sources of information:
Velondriake Committee: 26% trustworthy 58% somewhat trustworthy8% not trustworthy
Fisheries controller:49% not trustworthy32% somewhat trustworthy8% trustworthy
Elders:55% somewhat trustworthy21% trustworthy14% not trustworthy
Blue Ventures24% trustworthy53% somewhat trustworthy13% not trustworthy
Questionnaire resultsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP
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Results from preliminary pilot questionnaire (N160):
n people who can name the Dina
n people who can name the forbidden behavior total %
poison fishing 96 49 145 91
small mesh size 33 28 61 38
killing juvenile 44 14 58 36
BROP (Barrier Removal Operational Plan) & partnersFIJI BROP WORKSHOP
xxXxxx
BR strategy:Fisheries Control Agency (FCA) to come and help patrol the Velondriake MPA and help enforce the local Dina (which is also considered national law).
Fisheries Control Agency (FCA) have already said that they will be willing to do so provided that there is local support for their intervention. The strategy is therefore for the campaign to raise awareness and support and get the village leaders to sign a letter of support/invitation for FCA to come and patrol the area (within 6 moths from start of the campaign?).
Outstanding questionsAll details of FCA involvement still need to be agreed and formalized:• timing (when to start patrols, frequency of patrols)• FC involvement in the raising awareness campaign• Vessel (by BV?) and crew (FCA)• Evidence collection and prosecuting procedures• Communication (reporting of illegal activities, collaboration with MPA and village leaders)• Costs (vessel, per diem, fuel, other?)• Potential funder PACP (Projet d’Appui aux Communautes des Pecheurs)
Risks & questionsFIJI BROP WORKSHOP
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People with beach seine nets may opportunistically use them because they have them
Conflict amongst community members and leaders may slow things down or mean the Dina can not be enforced
Enforcement may lead to social and political unrest
People with beach seine nets may not be able to afford not to beach seine.
Would it be better to ban beach seine net use altogether or to ask people to use them only on the surface?
Political elections may coincide with campaign period