vegetable crops –plsc 451/551 lecture 11, irish or white potato instructor: dr. stephen l. love...
TRANSCRIPT
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Vegetable Crops –PLSC 451/551Lecture 11, Irish or White Potato
Instructor:Dr. Stephen L. LoveAberdeen R & E Center1693 S 2700 WAberdeen, ID 83210Phone: 397-4181 Fax: 397-4311Email: [email protected]
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Idaho Potato Field – Modern Intensive Production
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Organic/ Market Garden Production
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Ecuador – Subsistence Production
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Potato
Taxonomy
Dicotyledon
Family: Solanaceae
Genus and species: Solanum tuberosum
gp tuberosum
gp andigena
Related species:
tomato, pepper, tobacco, nightshade
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Potato
andigena characteristics:
Short-day adapted
Extremely variable
Some high in alkaloids
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Potato
tuberosum characteristics:
Day-neutral
Narrow genetic base
Market-based variability
Low in alkaloids
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Potato
Domestication
Harvested and/or cultivated in the Peruvian Andes 10,000 years ago
Spread to most of South America by 1000 AD
Imported into Europe by Spanish around 1570
Brought to North America from Europe around 1720
Spread to much of the world by 1800
(Became popular because of ability to survive war)
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Potato
South AmericanVarieties
Derived from several local wild species
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Potato
North American and World Varieties
Derived from European accessions (late 1700s)
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Potato
Use and importance
Ranks as 4th most important food crop (most important of dicots)
Dry matter production/unit area exceeds wheat, barley and maize
World production is nearly 30 million mt
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World Production – Modern Intensive
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World Production – Total
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Potato
Consumer use Industrial countries
30% of production
Fresh market boiled, fried and baked products for home and restaurant use
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Potato
Consumer use Industrial countries
60% ofproduction
Processed french fries and other frozen/fried products, potato chips, dehydrated products, canned, starch products, other
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Potato
Consumer use Developing countries
Fresh preparationboiled and fried for home use
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Potato
Consumer use Developing countries
Processed Home-made potato flour products, glass noodles, tunta and chuno
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Potato
Making chuno and tunta
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Potato
Adaptation
Climate
Cool, temperate, moist
Equatorial highlands
High deserts (irrigated)
Winter seasons in hot climates
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Potato
Propagation
Clonal system
Seed quality
Certification
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Potato
Production – Stand establishment
Seed preparation
cut vs whole seed
seed treatments
chitting
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Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Bacterial
Viral
Potatoes are susceptible to many diseases at all stages of growth and storage, making control an important production consideration
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Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Late blight
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Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Verticillium wilt
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Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Early blight
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Potato
Diseases
Fungal
Fusarium dry rot
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Potato
Diseases
Bacterial
Ring rot
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Potato
Diseases
Bacterial
Soft rot
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Potato
Diseases
Bacterial
Common scab
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Potato
Diseases
Viral
Leafroll
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Potato
Diseases
Viral
Potato Virus Y
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Potato
Disease control
Fungal diseasesFungicides, crop rotation, genetic resistance
Bacterial diseasesSanitation, proper healing
Viral diseasesVector control, seed certification, genetic resistance
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Potato
Weed controlWeed control
Hoeing
Mechanical cultivation
Herbicides
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Potato
Insects
Colorado potato beetle
Green peach aphid
Wireworm
Nematodes
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Potato
Insect Control
Natural predators
Physical methods
Insecticides
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Potato
Harvest
Maturation
Minimizing injury
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Potato
Postharvest handling and storage
CoolingWound healing
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Potato
Storage and Quality Maintenance
TemperatureHumiditySprout inhibition
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Potato
Quality
Based on:
Tuber size distribution
Tuber conformation
Overall appearance
Tuber solids (or specific gravity)
Tuber sugar content
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Potato
Use Suitability
Best use based on tuber starch content (specific gravity):
1.060-1.075 Boiling and canning
1.075-1.085 Baking and boiling
1.080-1.095 French frying and baking
1.085-1.100 Chipping and french frying
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Potato – Modern Intensive
Mechanization
Expense
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Potato – Modern Intensive
Variety Selection
Based on end use
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Potato – Modern Intensive
Seed Management
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Potato – Modern Intensive
Fertilization
Inorganic sources
Seasonal applications
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Potato – Modern Intensive
Pest and weed control
Crop rotation
Pesticides
Green manures
Mechanical control
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Potato – Modern Intensive
Storage – 12 month supply
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Potato – Modern Intensive
Storage temperature considerations
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Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Variety Selection
Based on:
Market preference
Resistance to pests
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Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Seed management
Single drop seed
Certified seed
Sanitation
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Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Fertilization
Applications of:
Organic matter
Organic supplements
Green Manures
Rotation with legumes
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Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Disease Control
Certified seed
Genetic resistance
Avoidance (location)
Sanitation
Crop rotations
Approved fungicides
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Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Insect Control
Exclusion
Flaming
Predators
Approved insecticides
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Potato – Organic/Market Garden
Weed control
Avoidance
Weed bank control
Cultivation
Manual
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Potato – Subsistence
Variety selection
Dependability
Resistance
Personal choice
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Potato – Subsistence
Seed management
Whole seed
Short dormancy
Return planting
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Potato – Subsistence
Pest management
Use of land races
Elimination
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Potato – Subsistence
Storage
Clamp systems
Home processing
Ground storage