vda dela rosa vs vda de damian

7/24/2019 Vda Dela Rosa vs Vda de Damian

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Republic of the PhilippinesSUPREME COURT

Manila

SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 155733 January 27, 2006

IN THE MATTER O THE INTESTATE ESTATES O THE !ECEASE! JOSEA !E"GA!O AN!GUI""ERMO RUSTIA CAR"OTA !E"GA!O #!A. !E !E "A ROSA an$ o%&'r HEIRS O "UIS !E"GA!O,na(')y, HEIRS O CONCHA #!A. !E ARE#A"O, HEIRS O "UISA !E"GA!O #!A. !E !ANAO,ANGE"A !E"GA!O ARESPACOCHAGA, TERESA !E"GA!O PER"AS, CARO"INA !E"GA!O*ARESPACOCHAGA, RO!O"O !E"GA!O, +ENJAMIN !E"GA!O, G"ICERIA !E"GA!O an$ C"EOAS!E"GA!O an$ HEIRS O GORGONIO !E"GA!O, na(')y, RAMON !E"GA!O CAMPO, CAR"OS!E"GA!O CAMPO, C"ARITA !E"GA!O CAMPO*REI-A, O"AN!A !E"GA!O ENCINAS, E"ISA!E"GA!O CAMPO*ENCINAS an$ ME"IN!A !E"GA!O CAMPO*MA!ARANG,Petitioners,vs.HEIRS O MARCIANA RUSTIA #!A. !E !AMIAN, na(')y, GUI""ERMO R. !AMIAN an$ JOSE R.!AMIAN HEIRS O HORTENCIA RUSTIA CRU-, na(')y, TERESITA CRU-*SISON, HORACIO R. CRU-,

JOSEINA CRU-*RO!I", AME"IA CRU-*ENRI/UE- an$ I!E" R. CRU-, JR. HEIRS O ROMANRUSTIA, SR., na(')y, JOSEINA RUSTIA A"+ANO, #IRGINIA RUSTIA PARAISO, ROMAN RUSTIA, JR.,SERGIO RUSTIA, RANCISCO RUSTIA, "ETICIA RUSTIA*MIRAN!A an$ GUI""ERMINA RUSTIA, aOo%or1an$ GUI""ERMA RUSTIA, a In%'r'nor,Respon!ents."

D E C I S I O N

CORONA, J.:

In this petition for revie# on certiorari, petitioners see$ to reinstate the Ma% 11, 1&&' !ecision of the Re(ional)rial Court *R)C+ of Manila, ranch --,in SP Case No. &/00, #hich #as reverse! an! set asi!e b% the Courtof 2ppeals in its !ecision-!ate! October , ''.

FACTS OF THE CASE

)his case concerns the settle3ent of the intestate estates of 4uiller3o Rustia an! 5osefa Del(a!o.0)he 3ainissue in this case is relativel% si3ple6#ho, bet#een petitioners an! respon!ents, are the la#ful heirs of the!ece!ents. 7o#ever, it is atten!e! b% several collateral issues that co3plicate its resolution.

)he clai3ants to the estates of 4uiller3o Rustia an! 5osefa Del(a!o 3a% be !ivi!e! into t#o (roups6 *1+ thealle(e! heirs of 5osefa Del(a!o, consistin( of her half8 an! full8bloo! siblin(s, nephe#s an! nieces, an!(ran!nephe#s an! (ran!nieces, an! *+ the alle(e! heirs of 4uiller3o Rustia, particularl%, his sisters,/hisnephe#s an! nieces,his ille(iti3ate chil!,&an! the de facto a!opte! chil!1'*ampun-ampunan+ of the!ece!ents.

T&' a))'4'$ &'r o Jo'a !')4a$o

)he !ecease! 5osefa Del(a!o #as the !au(hter of 9elisa11Del(a!o b% one :ucio Ca3po. 2si!e fro3 5osefa,five other chil!ren #ere born to the couple, na3el%, Na;ario, E!ilberta, 5ose, 5acoba, an! 4or(onio, allsurna3e! Del(a!o. 9elisa Del(a!o #as never 3arrie! to :ucio Ca3po, hence, 5osefa an! her full8bloo!siblin(s #ere all natural chil!ren of 9elisa Del(a!o.

7o#ever, :ucio Ca3po #as not the first an! onl% 3an in 9elisa Del(a!o


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a!3itte!l% one #ithout the benefit of 3arria(e, the le(al status of Ra3on Osorio


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T&' a))'4'$ &'r o Gu))'r(o Ru%a

4uiller3o Rustia an! 5osefa Del(a!o never ha! an% chil!ren. ?ith no chil!ren of their o#n, the% too$ into theirho3e the %oun(sters 4uiller3ina Rustia Rustia an! Nanie Rustia. )hese chil!ren, never le(all% a!opte! b% thecouple, #ere #hat #as $no#n in the local !ialect as ampun-ampunan.

Durin( his life #ith 5osefa, ho#ever, 4uiller3o Rustia !i! 3ana(e to father an ille(iti3ate chil!,1&

theintervenor8respon!ent 4uiller3a Rustia, #ith one 23paro Sa(arbarria. 2ccor!in( to 4uiller3a, 4uiller3oRustia treate! her as his !au(hter, his o#n flesh an! bloo!, an! she enAo%e! open an! continuous possessionof that status fro3 her birth in 1&' until her father


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On Ma% 11, 1&&', the R)C appointe! Carlota Del(a!o vda. de!e la Rosa as a!3inistratri> of bothestates./)he !ispositive portion of the !ecision rea!6

HEREORE, in vie# of all the fore(oin(, petitioner an! her co8clai3ants to the estate of the late 5osefaDel(a!o liste! in the Petitions, an! enu3erate! else#here in this Decision, are hereb% !eclare! as the onl%le(al heirs of the sai! 5osefa Del(a!o #ho !ie! intestate in the Cit% of Manila on Septe3ber , 1&/, an!entitle! to partition the sa3e a3on( the3selves in accor!ance #ith the proportions referre! to in this Decision.

Si3ilarl%, the intervenor 4uiller3a S. Rustia is hereb% !eclare! as the sole an! onl% survivin( heir of the lateDr. 4uiller3o Rustia, an! thus, entitle! to the entire estate of the sai! !ece!ent, to the e>clusion of theoppositors an! the other parties hereto.

)he 2ffi!avit of Self82!Au!ication of the estate of 5osefa Del(a!o e>ecute! b% the late 4uiller3o 5. Rustia on5une 1-, 1&/" is hereb% SE) 2SIDE an! !eclare! of no force an! effect.

2s the estates of both !eceB!ents have not as %et been settle!, an! their settle3ent Bis consi!ere!consoli!ate! in this procee!in( in accor!ance #ith la#, a sin(le a!3inistrator therefor is both proper an!necessar%, an!, as the petitioner Carlota Del(a!o V!a. !e !ela Rosa has establishe! her ri(ht to theappoint3ent as a!3inistratri> of the estates, the Court hereb% 2PPOIN)S her as the 2DMINIS)R2)RIG of theintestate estate of the !ece!ent 5OSE92 DE:42DO in relation to the estate of DR. 4I::ERMO 5. RS)I2.

2ccor!in(l%, let the correspon!in( :E))ERS O9 2DMINIS)R2)ION issue to the petitioner C2R:O)2DE:42DO VD2. DE DE :2 ROS2 upon her filin( of the re=uisite bon! in the su3 of 9IVE 7NDRED)7OS2ND PESOS *P-'','''.''+.

9inall%, oppositor 4I::ERMIN2 RS)I2 RS)I2 is hereb% or!ere! to cease an! !esist fro3 her acts ofa!3inistration of the subAect estates, an! is li$e#ise or!ere! to turn over to the appointe! a!3inistrati> all hercollections of the rentals an! inco3e !ue on the assets of the estates in =uestion, inclu!in( all !ocu3ents,papers, recor!s an! titles pertainin( to such estates to the petitioner an! appointe! a!3inistrati> C2R:O)2DE:42DO VD2. DE DE :2 ROS2, i33e!iatel% upon receipt of this Decision. )he sa3e oppositor is hereb%re=uire! to ren!er an accountin( of her actual a!3inistration of the estates in controvers% #ithin a perio! ofsi>t% *0'+ !a%s fro3 receipt hereof.

SO ORDERED.

On Ma% ', 1&&', oppositors file! an appeal #hich #as !enie! on the (roun! that the recor! on appeal #asnot file! on ti3e.&)he% then file! a petition for certiorari an! 3an!a3us"'#hich #as !is3isse! b%the Court of2ppeals."17o#ever, on 3otion for reconsi!eration an! after hearin( the parties< oral ar(u3ents, the Court of2ppeals reverse! itself an! (ave !ue course to oppositors< appeal in the interest of substantial Austice."

In a petition for revie# to this Court, petitioners assaile! the resolution of the Court of 2ppeals, on the (roun!that oppositors< failure to file the recor! on appeal #ithin the re(le3entar% perio! #as a Auris!ictional !efect#hich nullifie! the appeal. On October 1', 1&&/, this Court allo#e! the continuance of the appeal. )hepertinent portion of our !ecision""rea!6

2s a rule, perio!s prescribe! to !o certain acts 3ust be follo#e!. 7o#ever, un!er e>ceptional circu3stances, a

!ela% in the filin( of an appeal 3a% be e>cuse! on (roun!s of substantial Austice.

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)he respon!ent court li$e#ise pointe! out the trial court


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In this instance, private respon!ents< intention to raise vali! issues in the appeal is apparent an! shoul! nothave been construe! as an atte3pt to !ela% or prolon( the a!3inistration procee!in(s.

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2 revie# of the trial court>> >>> >>>

HEREORE, in vie# of the fore(oin( consi!erations, the Court hereb% AIRMSthe Resolution !ate!Nove3ber /, 1&&1 of the Court of 2ppeals in C284.R. SP No. "1-, for the APPRO#A"of the privaterespon!ents< Recor! on 2ppeal an! the CONTINUANCEof the appeal fro3 the Manila, ranch :V Re(ional)rial Courtt% *0'+ !a%s fro3 notice of the a!3inistratorecute! b% Dr. 4uiller3o Rustia on 5une 1-, 1&/"isREMAN!E! to the trial court for further procee!in(s to !eter3ine the e>tent of the shares of 5acobaDel(a!o8Encinas an! the chil!ren of 4or(onio Del(a!o *Ca3po+ affecte! b% the sai! a!Au!ication.

7ence, this recourse.

)he issues for our resolution are6

1. #hether there #as a vali! 3arria(e bet#een 4uiller3o Rustia an! 5osefa Del(a!o

. #ho the le(al heirs of the !ece!ents 4uiller3o Rustia an! 5osefa Del(a!o are
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". #ho shoul! be issue! letters of a!3inistration.

)he 3arria(e of 4uiller3o Rustia an! 5osefa Del(a!o

2 presu3ption is an inference of the e>istence or non8e>istence of a fact #hich courts are per3itte! to !ra#fro3 proof of other facts. Presu3ptions are classifie! into presu3ptions of la# an! presu3ptions of fact.

Presu3ptions of la# are, in turn, either conclusive or !isputable."/

Rule 1"1, Section " of the Rules of Court provi!es6

Sec. ". Disputable presumptions. H )he follo#in( presu3ptions are satisfactor% if uncontra!icte!, but 3a% becontra!icte! an! overco3e b% other evi!ence6

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*aa+ )hat a 3an an! a #o3an !eportin( the3selves as husban! an! #ife have entere! into a la#ful contract of3arria(e

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In this case, several circu3stances (ive rise to the presu3ption that a vali! 3arria(e e>iste! bet#een4uiller3o Rustia an! 5osefa Del(a!o. )heir cohabitation of 3ore than -' %ears cannot be !oubte!. )heirfa3il% an! frien!s $ne# the3 to be 3arrie!. )heir repute! status as husban! an! #ife #as such that even theori(inal petition for letters of a!3inistration file! b% :uisa Del(a!o vda. deDanao in 1&/- referre! to the3 as@spouses.@

et, petitioners 3aintain that 5osefa Del(a!o an! 4uiller3o Rustia ha! si3pl% live! to(ether as husban! an!#ife #ithout the benefit of 3arria(e. )he% 3a$e 3uch of the absence of a recor! of the conteste! 3arria(e, thetesti3on% of a #itness"attestin( that the% #ere not 3arrie!, an! a baptis3al certificate #hich referre! to5osefa Del(a!o as @Seorita"or un3arrie! #o3an."&

?e are not persua!e!.

First, althou(h a 3arria(e contract is consi!ere! a pri3ar% evi!ence of 3arria(e, its absence is not al#a%sproof that no 3arria(e in fact too$ place.'Once the presu3ption of 3arria(e arises, other evi!ence 3a% bepresente! in support thereof. )he evi!ence nee! not necessaril% or !irectl% establish the 3arria(e but 3ust atleast be enou(h to stren(then the presu3ption of 3arria(e. 7ere, the certificate of i!entit% issue! to 5osefaDel(a!o as Mrs. 4uiller3o Rustia,1the passport issue! to her as 5osefa D. Rustia,the !eclaration un!eroath of no less than 4uiller3o Rustia that he #as 3arrie! to 5osefa Del(a!o"an! the titles to the properties inthe na3e of @4uiller3o Rustia 3arrie! to 5osefa Del(a!o,@ 3ore than a!e=uatel% support the presu3ption of3arria(e. )hese are public !ocu3ents #hich areprima facieevi!ence of the facts state! therein.No clearan! convincin( evi!ence sufficient to overco3e the presu3ption of the truth of the recitals therein #aspresente! b% petitioners.

Second, Elisa vda. de2nson, petitioners< o#n #itness #hose testi3on% the% pri3aril% relie! upon to support

their position, confir3e! that 4uiller3o Rustia ha! propose! 3arria(e to 5osefa Del(a!o an! that eventuall%,the t#o ha! @live! to(ether as husban! an! #ife.@ )his a(ain coul! not but stren(then the presu3ption of3arria(e.

Third, the baptis3al certificate-#as conclusive proof onl% of the baptis3 a!3inistere! b% the priest #hobapti;e! the chil!. It #as no proof of the veracit% of the !eclarations an! state3ents containe! therein, 0suchas the alle(e! sin(le or un3arrie! *@Seorita@+ civil status of 5osefa Del(a!o #ho ha! no han! in itspreparation.
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Petitioners faile! to rebut the presu3ption of 3arria(e of 4uiller3o Rustia an! 5osefa Del(a!o. In thisAuris!iction, ever% inten!3ent of the la# leans to#ar! le(iti3i;in( 3atri3on%. Persons !#ellin( to(etherapparentl% in 3arria(e are presu3e! to be in fact 3arrie!. )his is the usual or!er of thin(s in societ% an!, if theparties are not #hat the% hol! the3selves out to be, the% #oul! be livin( in constant violation of the co33onrules of la# an! propriet%. Semper praesumitur pro matrimonio. 2l#a%s presu3e 3arria(e./

)he :a#ful 7eirs Of 5osefa Del(a!o

)o !eter3ine #ho the la#ful heirs of 5osefa Del(a!o are, the =uestione! status of the cohabitation of her3other 9elisa Del(a!o #ith Ra3on Osorio 3ust first be a!!resse!.

2s 3entione! earlier, presu3ptions of la# are either conclusive or !isputable. Conclusive presu3ptions areinferences #hich the la# 3a$es so pere3ptor% that no contrar% proof, no 3atter ho# stron(, 3a% overturnthe3.On the other han!, !isputable presu3ptions, one of #hich is the presu3ption of 3arria(e, can be relie!on onl% in the absence of sufficient evi!ence to the contrar%.

:ittle #as sai! of the cohabitation or alle(e! 3arria(e of 9elisa Del(a!o an! Ra3on Osorio. )he oppositors*no# respon!ents+ chose 3erel% to rel% on the !isputable presu3ption of 3arria(e even in the face of suchcountervailin( evi!ence as *1+ the continue! use b% 9elisa an! :uis *her son #ith Ra3on Osorio+ of thesurna3e Del(a!o an! *+ :uis Del(a!o


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relatives of 5osefa Del(a!o #ho are entitle! to parta$e of her intestate estate are her brothers and sisters ortheir children !ho !ere still alive at the time of her deathon September #$%&. )he% have a veste! ri(ht toparticipate in the inheritance.--)he recor!s not bein( clear on this 3atter, it is no# for the trial court to!eter3ine #ho #ere the survivin( brothers an! sisters *or their chil!ren+ of 5osefa Del(a!o at the ti3e of her!eath. )o(ether #ith 4uiller3o Rustia,-0the% are entitle! to inherit fro3 5osefa Del(a!o in accor!ance #ith2rticle 1''1 of the ne# Civil Co!e6-/

2rt. 1''1. Shoul! brothers an! sisters or their chil!ren survive #ith the #i!o# or #i!o#er, the latter shall beentitle! to one8half of the inheritance an! the brothers an! sisters or their chil!ren to the other one8half.

Since 5osefa Del(a!o ha! heirs other than 4uiller3o Rustia, 4uiller3o coul! not have vali!l% a!Au!icate!5osefa


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)here #as apparentl% no !oubt that she possesse! the status of an ille(iti3ate chil! fro3 her birth until the!eath of her putative father 4uiller3o Rustia. 7o#ever, this !i! not constitute ac$no#le!(3ent but a meregroundb) !hich she could have compelled ac*no!ledgment through the courts .09urther3ore, an% *Au!icial+action for co3pulsor% ac$no#le!(3ent has a !ual li3itation6 the lifeti3e of the chil! an! the lifeti3e of theputative parent.0-On the !eath of either, the action for co3pulsor% reco(nition can no lon(er be file!.00In thiscase, intervenor 4uiller3aecutor is na3e! in the #ill, or thee>ecutor or e>ecutors are inco3petent, refuse the trust, or fail to (ive a bon!, or a person !ies intestate,

a!3inistration shall be (rante!6

*a+ )o the survivin( husban! or #ife, as the case 3a% be, or ne>t of $in, or both, in the !iscretion of thecourt, or to such person as such survivin( husban! or #ife, or ne>t of $in, re=uests to have appointe!,if co3petent an! #illin( to serve

*b+ If such survivin( husban! or #ife, as the case 3a% be, or ne>t of $in, or the person selecte! b%the3, be inco3petent or un#illin(, or if the husban! or #i!o# or ne>t of $in, ne(lects for thirt% *"'+!a%s after the !eath of the person to appl% for a!3inistration or to re=uest that the a!3inistration be
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(rante! to so3e other person, it 3a% be (rante! to one or 3ore of the principal cre!itors, if co3petentan! #illin( to serve

*c+ If there is no such cre!itor co3petent an! #illin( to serve, it 3a% be (rante! to such other personas the court 3a% select.

In the appoint3ent of an a!3inistrator, the principal consi!eration is the interest in the estate of the one to beappointe!./1)he or!er of preference !oes not rule out the appoint3ent of co8a!3inistrators, speciall% in cases#here

Austice an! e=uit% !e3an! that opposin( parties or factions be represente! in the 3ana(e3ent of theestates,/a situation #hich obtains here.

It is in this li(ht that #e see fit to appoint Aoint a!3inistrators, in the persons of Carlota Del(a!o vda. de!e laRosa an! a no3inee of the nephe#s an! nieces of 4uiller3o Rustia. )he% are the ne>t of $in of the !ecease!spouses 5osefa Del(a!o an! 4uiller3o Rustia, respectivel%.

HEREORE, the petition *#hich see$s to reinstate the Ma% 11, 1&&' !ecision of the R)C Manila, ranch --+is hereb% !ENIE!. )he assaile! October , '' !ecision of the Court of 2ppeals is AIRME! #ith the

follo#in( 3o!ifications6

1. 4uiller3o Rustia


11/15

ANGE"INA SAN!O#A"*GUTIERRE-2ssociate 5ustice

A!O"O S. A-CUNA2sscociate 5ustice

CANCIO C. GARCIA2ssociate 5ustice

2 ) ) E S ) 2 ) I O N

I attest that the conclusions in the above !ecision #ere reache! in consultation before the case #as assi(ne!to the #riter of the opinion of the Court


12/15

1'Oppositor 4uiller3ina Rustia Rustia.

11In so3e plea!in(s, this #as spelle! as @9eli;a.@

1In so3e plea!in(s, this #as spelle! as @Osario@ an! in others, @Oscorro.@

1"2rt. &&, ne# Civil Co!e. 2n ille(iti3ate chil! has no ri(ht to inherit ab intestato fro3 the le(iti3atechil!ren an! relatives of his father or 3other nor shall such chil!ren or relatives inherit in the sa3e3anner fro3 the ille(iti3ate chil!.

1Rollo, p. 10.

1-,d., pp. 1''81'1.

10In relation, the Civil Co!e of Spain *the ol! Civil Co!e+ provi!e! that #hen the ac$no#le!(3ent #as3a!e separatel% b% either parent, the na3e of the other parent shall not be reveale!. Nor shall an%circu3stance be 3entione! b% #hich such person 3i(ht be reco(ni;e! *2rticle 1"+. )his sho#e! theintent of the sai! Co!e to protect the i!entit% of the non8ac$no#le!(in( parent.

1/One of the chil!ren of 9elisa Del(a!o #ith :ucio Ca3po.

1C2 !ecision, Rollo, pp. //8/.

1&n!er the ol! Civil Co!e, #hich #as in effect at the ti3e of 4uiller3a Rustia


13/15

"Resolution !ate! Nove3ber /, 1&&1, Rollo, pp. 0-080/1.

""De la Rosa v. Court of 2ppeals, "- Phil. 0/ *1&&/+.

"Decision penne! b% 2ssociate 5ustice 5ose :. Sabio, 5r., an! concurre! in b% 2ssociate 5usticesOs#al!o D. 2(caoili an! Ser(io :. PestaLo of the 1-th Division, !ate! 5anuar% "1, '', Rollo, pp. 08

0".

"-oth the petitioner an! the oppositors file! a 3otion for reconsi!eration of the 5anuar% "1, ''!ecision of the Court of 2ppeals.

"0Date! October , ''.

"/II 9loren; D. Re(ala!o, Re3e!ial :a# Co3pen!iu3 0/ *&th rev. e!. ''1+.

"Elisa v!a. !e 2nson.

"&Rollo, p. 100.

'alo(bo( v. Court of 2ppeals, ""0 Phil. - *1&&/+.

1Certificate of I!entit% No. &-& !ate! Dece3ber 1, 1& issue! to Mrs. 4uiller3o 5. Rustia b% CarlosP. Ro3ulo, then Resi!ent Co33issioner to the nite! States of the Co33on#ealth of the Philippines.

Philippine Passport No. /0/ issue! to 5osefa D. Rustia on 5une -, 1&/.

"Veterans 2pplication for Pension or Co3pensation for Disabilit% Resultin( fro3 Service in the 2ctiveMilitar% or Naval 9orces of the nite! States8 Clai3 No. C8, '', -'" *V2 9or3 -0+ file! #ith theVeterans 2!3inistration of the nite! States of 23erica b% Dr. 4uiller3o 5. Rustia #herein Dr.4uiller3o 5. Rustia hi3self state! un!er oath to his 3arria(e to 5osefa Del(a!o in Manila on 5une ",1&1&.

Rule 1", Section ", Rules of Court.

-5osefa Del(a!o stoo! as sponsor in the baptis3 of :uisa Del(a!o on Septe3ber 1, 1&1&, Rollo, p.100. In 1&/-, :uisa Del(a!o v!a. !e Danao file! a petition for letters of a!3inistration for theintestate estate of 5osefa Del(a!o supra, note -.

02cebe!o v. 2r=uero, / Phil. /0 *''"+.

/V!a. !e 5acob v. Court of 2ppeals, "/1 Phil. 0&" *1&&&+, citin( Peri!o v. Peri!o, No. :8, 1March 1&/-, 0" SCR2 &/.

Ricar!o 9rancisco, Evi!ence '' *"r! e!. 1&&0+.

&Rollo, p. 10.

-'I!., pp. 1''81'1.

-1Ol! Civil Co!e, art. 1". 2n ac$no#le!(e! natural chil! is entitle!6
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14/15

1. )o bear the surna3e of the person ac$no#le!(in( it.. )o receive support fro3 such person, in accor!ance #ith article 1".". )o receive the here!itar% portion, if available, !eter3ine! b% this Co!e.

-)he recor!s !o not in!icate the !ates of birth of 9elisa Del(a!oecution of thisAu!(3ent, their shares in the inheritance of 5osefa Del(a!o shall accrue to their respective estates.

-0)hen survivin( spouse, no# represente! b% his intestate estate.

-/:a# in effect at the ti3e of the !eath of 5osefa Del(a!o.

-n!er the ol! Civil Co!e, #hich #as in effect at the ti3e of 4uiller3a Rustiaceptions to this rule, 4uiller3aceptions.

00SubAect to e>ceptions provi!e! in para(raphs *1+ an! *+ of 2rticle - of the ne# Civil Co!e.

0/I )olentino, supra note 0', at --8-0.

0R)C !ecision, Rollo, p. 1'.

0&Marciana Rustia v!a. !e Da3ian an! 7ortencia Rustia Cru;, represente! b% their heirs in thispetition.

/'Chil!ren of his pre!ecease! brother Ro3an Rustia, Sr.
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/1II Re(ala!o, supra note "/, at "&.

/4abriel et al. v. Court of 2ppeals, 4.R. No. 1'1-1, / 2u(ust 1&&, 1 SCR2 1".
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vda dela rosa vs vda de damian

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