Online Version ISSN: 1314-412XVolume 5, Number 2

June 2013

2013

Scope and policy of the journalAgricultural Science and Technology /AST/ – an International Scientific Journal of Agricultural and Technology Sciences is published in English in one volume of 4 issues per year, as a printed journal and in electronic form. The policy of the journal is to publish original papers, reviews and short communications covering the aspects of agriculture related with life sciences and modern technologies. It will offer opportunities to address the global needs relating to food and environment, health, exploit the technology to provide innovative products and sustainable development. Papers will be considered in aspects of both fundamental and applied science in the areas of Genetics and Breeding, Nutrition and Physiology, Production Systems, Agriculture and Environment and Product Quality and Safety. Other categories closely related to the above topics could be considered by the editors. The detailed information of the journal is available at the website. Proceedings of scientific meetings and conference reports will be considered for special issues.

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Editor-in-Chief

Tsanko YablanskiFaculty of AgricultureTrakia University, Stara ZagoraBulgaria

Co-Editor-in- Chief

Radoslav SlavovFaculty of AgricultureTrakia University, Stara ZagoraBulgaria

Editors and Sections

Genetics and Breading

Atanas Atanasov (Bulgaria)Ihsan Soysal (Turkey)Max Rothschild (USA)Stoicho Metodiev (Bulgaria)

Nutrition and Physiology

Nikolai Todorov (Bulgaria)Peter Surai (UK)Zervas Georgios (Greece)Ivan Varlyakov (Bulgaria)

Production Systems

Dimitar Pavlov (Bulgaria)Dimitar Panaiotov (Bulgaria)Banko Banev (Bulgaria)Georgy Zhelyazkov (Bulgaria)

Agriculture and Environment

Georgi Petkov (Bulgaria)Ramesh Kanwar (USA)

Product Quality and Safety

Marin Kabakchiev (Bulgaria)Stefan Denev (Bulgaria)Vasil Atanasov (Bulgaria)

English Editor

Yanka Ivanova (Bulgaria)

2013

ISSN 1313 - 8820 Volume 5, Number 2June 2013

Variation of yield components in coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.)

N. Dyulgerov*, B. Dyulgerova

Institute of Agriculture, 8400 Karnobat, Bulgaria

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to generate information on variation of some important yield components in a coriander collection. The study was conducted in the Institute of Agriculture - Karnobat, during the period 2008-2010 and included 81 coriander accessions. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Ten plants were randomly selected from each plot and data were collected for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbel per plant, number of fruits per umbel, fruit weight per umbel, 1000-fruits weight and fruit weight per plant. A large variation was observed for most of the studied traits. Suitable accessions for future use in coriander breeding program were identified.

Keywords: coriander, yield components, variation

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 5, No 2, pp , 2013160 - 163

Introduction

Results and discussion

Material and methods

plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbels per plant, number of fruits per umbel, fruit weight per umbel, 1000-fruits weight and fruit weight per plant. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual spice herb that

Accession means were used to calculate the mean, belongs to the family of Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. It is used as a spice minimum, maximum, range and coefficient of variation (CV) for in culinary, medicine and in perfumery, food, beverage, and each trait. For analysis of stability of studied traits in different pharmaceuticals industries (Diederichsen, 1996; Jansen, 1981). years of testing GGE biplots were used. The GGE biplots were Although coriander has got diverse uses the knowledge on the computed in GenStat (Payne et al., 2007).extent and magnitude of genetic variability of agronomic and quality

traits is limited. The existence of sufficient level of genetic variability is a prerequisite for variety development and therefore detailed evaluation of the accessions for different morphological, agronomic and quality traits is necessary in order to identify accessions with useful traits for improvement programs. A large variation was observed for most of the characters

This study was designed to assess the variation that exists in studied (Table 1). Plant height ranged coriander accessions for some important yield components. from 48.67 to 101.67 cm and was the lowest variatied trait with a CV

13.77 per cent. The mean number of branches per plant was 7.81 and varied from 5 to 12 branches in different accessions. Number of umbel per a plant ranged from 11.00 to 40.67 and CV was 30.30 per cent. Number of fruits per umbel varied from 17.00 to 58.00 and with a CV of 24.04 per cent. Coriander accessions showed wide variation The study was conducted in the Institute of Agriculture, in fruit weight per a umbel and fruit weight per plant. Fruit weight per Karnobat, during the period 2008–2010 and included 81 coriander a umbrel ranged from 0.06 g to 0.51 g and CV was 43.17 per cent accessions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete and and fruit weight per plant ranged from 1.19 g to 7.08 g and CV block design with three replications. Spacing between plants and was 42.23 per cent. 1000-fruits weight also showed wide range of rows were kept as 15 and 30 cm, respectively. At maturity ten plants 3.52 g to 13.13 g with a CV of 34.85. The means observed in this were randomly selected from each plot and data were collected for

in germplasm accessions

* e-mail: nikolaydyulgerov@gmail.com

160

Table 1. Mean and variation of yield components in 81 coriander accessions

№

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Plant height, cm

Number of branches per plant

Number of umbels per plant

Number of fruits per umbel

Fruit weight per umbel, g

Fruit weight per plant, g

1000-fruits weight, g

81.96

7.81

22.55

36.17

0.27

2.78

7.23

48.67

5.00

11.00

17.00

0.06

1.19

3.52

101.67

12.00

40.67

58.00

0.51

7.08

13.13

53.00

7.00

29.67

41.00

0.45

5.89

9.61

13.77

14.79

30.30

24.04

43.17

42.23

34.85

Traits Mean Min Max Range CV

161

study were comparable to the reports of Diederichsen (1996). The Figure 6 indicates that the accession 63 with the highest wider ranges of some traits observed by the same author could be average fruit weight per plant was the least stable accession. due to the larger sample size of 237 world coriander Accessions 31 and 25 have good combination of high fruit weight per collections.Coriander is very sensitive to of the environmental plant and stability. The coordination biplot for 1000-fruits weight variation and its yield shows high fluctuations over environments. showed that 96.5 % of the total variation was explained by PC 1 and Knowledge of the nature and magnitude of genotype x PC 2 (Figure 7). Accessions 40, 31, 42, 25, 46 were the high and environmental interactions is very important for design strategy leading for progressive coriander breeding program. Therefore, mean performance and stability of traits in different years of this study were graphically represented by GGE biplots.

Even though plant height may not be considered strictly as a ''yield components,'' there is data in literature that plant height was tightly associated with plant yield and with all yield determinants (Diederichsen, 1996; El-Ballal and Abou El-Nasr, 1987). Contrariwise reducing plant height allows producers to seed at higher rates, makes cultivation practices easier, and strengthens stems, preventing lodging. Therefore, suitable for breeding purpose were accessions 25, 48, 55, 56, 58 with plant height about 70–80 cm and most stable for this trait (Figure 1). In contrast, the 33, 57, 6, 27 were the least stable accessions for plant height.

The biplot for number of branches per plant (Figure 2) indicates that the 41, 44, 4, 10 are the accessions with the highest average number of branches per plant and relatively good stability.

Accessions 38, 72, 71, 54, 60 have stable and high number of umbels per plant (Figure 3). Accessions 67, 61, 10, 79 also have high number of umbels per plant but low stability in different environments.

Traits number of branches per plant and branches per plant in coriander breeding are in particular interest in coriander breeding becouse correlation and path coefficient analysis indicated that this traits were ones of the most important traits as they exerted positive direct effect on seed yield (Singh et al., 2006). High mean values with stable performance for fruit number per umbel (Figure 4) had accessions – 37, 80, 63 and for fruit weight per umbel (Figure 5) accessions – 31, 48, 37, 12 can be select.

Figure 1. GGE-biplot for the means performance andstability for plant height in 81 coriander accessions

Scatter plot (Total – 90.32%)

Pc1 – 65.73%

Pc2

– 2

4.59

%

Figure 3. GGE-biplot for the means performance andstability for number of umbels per plant in 81 corianderaccessions

Scatter plot (Total – 90.26%)

Pc1 – 67.58%

Pc2

– 2

2.68

%

Figure 2. GGE-biplot for the means performance andstability for number of branches per plant in 81coriander accessions

Scatter plot (Total – 78.49%)

Pc1 – 55.18%

Pc2

– 2

3.31

%

162

stabile weight 1000-fruits. the possibility for further improvement through selection using these The results from this study showed that some genotypes were variations is wide.

stable for some traits and unstable for another, suggesting that the Accessions 31, 25, 38, 72, 71, 54, 60 were identified as genetic factors involved in the G x E differed between yield-related suitable for future use in coriander breeding program for the traits. The data presented in the present study had shown the production of high yielding coriander varieties.presence of substantial variability in coriander accessions. Hence,

Figure 4. GGE-biplot for the means performance andstability for number of fruits per umbel in 81 corianderaccessions

Pc1 – 62.83%

Scatter plot (Total – 89.33%)P

c2 –

26.

50%

Scatter plot (Total – 92.43%)

Pc2

– 1

2.40

%Pc1 – 80.03%

Figure 5. GGE-biplot for the means performance andstability for fruit weight per umbel in 81 corianderaccessions

Scatter plot (Total – 92.71%)

Pc2

– 1

9.93

%

Pc1 – 72.78%

Figura 6. GGE-biplot for the means performance andstability for fruit weight per plant in 81 corianderaccessions

Scatter plot (Total – 96.53%)

Pc1 – 91.20%

Pc2

– 5

.33%

Figura 7. GGE-biplot for the means performance andstability for 1000-fruits weight in 81 corianderaccessions

163

Conclusion

References

Gaterslbebn/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy. El-Ballal ASI and Abou El-Nasr TH, 1987. Selection for earliness A large variation was observed for most of the characters and phytotherapeutic value in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). studied High coefficients of variation I. Breeding system. Acta Hortic. 208, 179-196.(CVs) were recorded in fruit weight per umbel and per plant and Jansen PCM, 1981. Spices, condiments and medicinal plants in 1000-fruits weight. Accessions 31, 25, 38, 72, 71, 54, 60 could be Ethiopia; their taxonomy and agricultural significance. Center for used successfully as progenitors in breeding programme for the Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, production of high yielding coriander varieties for conditions of Netherlands. 294pp.Bulgaria. Payne RW, Murray DA, Harding SA, Baird DB, Soutar DM, 2007. GenStat for Windows 10th Ed. Introd. VSN Intern. Hemel Hempstead.Singh D, Klain U, Rajput SS, Khandelwal V, Shiv KN, 2006. Genetic variation for seed yield and its components and their

Diederichsen A, 1996. Coriander (Corianderum sativum L). association in coriander (Coriandrum siltivum L.) germplasm. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 15, 1, 25-29.crops. 3. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research,

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83pp.

Review

Genetics and Breeding

Nutrition and Physiology

Production Systems

Trends in battery cage husbandry systems for laying hens. Enriched cages for housing laying hens H. Lukanov, D. Alexieva

Influence of environments on the amount and stability of grain yield in modern winter wheat cultivars I. Interaction and degree of variabilityN. Tsenov, D. Atanasova

Variation of yield components in coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.)N. Dyulgerov, B. Dyulgerova

Plant cell walls fiber component analysis and digestibility of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L) in the vegetationY. Naydenova, A. Kyuchukova, D. Pavlov

Functional properties of maltitolV. Dobreva, M. Hadjikinova, A. Slavov, D.Hadjikinov, G. Dobrev, B. Zhekova

Food spectrum of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) along the Bulgarian Black Sea coastR. Bekova, G. Raikova-Petrova, D. Gerdzhikov, E. Petrova, V. Vachkova, D. Klisarova

Metabolic and enzymatic profile of sheep fed on forage treated with the synthetic pyrethroid Supersect 10 ECR. Ivanova

Cultivation of Scenedesmus dimorphus strain for biofuel productionK. Velichkova, I. Sirakov, G. Georgiev

Study of the effect of soil trampling on the structural elements of yield and productivity of soybeanV. Sabev, S. Raykov, V. Arnaudov

Stability of herbicides and herbicide tank-mixtures at winter oilseed canola by influence of different meteorological conditionsG. Delchev

Screening of plant protection products against downy mildew on cucumbers (Pseudoperonospora Cubensis (Berkeley & M. A. Curtis) Rostovzev) in cultivation facilitiesS. Masheva, N. Velkov, N. Valchev, V. Yankova

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Efficacy and selectivity of vegetation-applied herbicides and their mixtures with growth stimulator Amalgerol premium at oil-bearing sunflower grown by conventional, Clearfield and ExpressSun technologiesG. Delchev

V. Atanasov, E. Valkova, G. Kostadinova, G. Petkov, Ts. Yablanski, P. Valkova, D. Dermendjieva

Seasonal and vertical dynamics of the water temperature and oxygen content in Kardzhali reservoir, BulgariaI. Iliev, L. Hadjinikolova

Condition and changes in types of natural pasture swards in the Sakar mountain under the influence of climatic and geographic factorsV. Vateva, K Stoеva, D. Pavlov

Comparative studies on the gross composition of White brined cheese and its imitations, marketed in the town of Stara ZagoraN. Naydenova, T. Iliev, G. Mihaylova, S. Atanasova

Effect of the environment on the quality of flour from common winter wheat cultivarsI. Stoeva, E. Penchev

Agriculture and Environment

Product Quality and Safety

Manganese levels in water, sediment and algae from waterbodies with high anthropogenic impact

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thmance in dairy cows,IX International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals, Sept.11 – 14, Berlin, Germany, p. 302 (Abstr.).Thesis:Penkov D, 2008. Estimation of metabolic energy and true digestibility of amino acids of some feeds in experiments with muscus duck (Carina moshata, L). Thesis for DSc. Agrarian University, Plovdiv, 314 pp.

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Volume 5, Number 2June 2013