valeria lingua: regional design and governance rescaling: comparing european practices

Valeria Lingua AssistantprofessorofUrbanandRegionalPlanning,UniversityofFlorenceDirectoroftheRegionalDesignLab,DepartmentofArchitecture

SCIENTIFIC INDEPENDENCE OF YOUNG RESEARCHERS

AREAVASTA2.0anewformoflocalisminItaly:

challenges,risksandopportuniBesforspaBalplanningacrosslocalboundaries

Regional design and governance rescaling: comparing European practices

The research project AREA VASTA 2.0

The context

The theoretical framework: Interactive Governance

Ongoing results and perspectives for further research

Regional Design and Governance Rescaling:

comparing European practices

The research project AREA VASTA 2.0 •  Object, objectives, expected results •  Research tasks at TUDelft

The context





Purpose: To understand the forms and outcomes of cooperative planning practices at a supra-local level Object: The rescaling of formal planning activities carried out by joint local authorities, under a cooperative attitude that, in a Localism era, is supposed to replace sub-regional planning strategies.

Context: Neoliberalism in Europe and changes in the Italian institutional system that affect the planning system, calling for new challenges

AREA VASTA 2.0 A new form of localism in Italy: challenges, risks and opportunities for spatial planning across local boundaries

The research project

Objectives The research aims to systematize the lessons learned from the solutions given to strategic issues in previous Italian and European supra-local cooperative spatial planning practices, in order to define:

ü  the pertinent extension of cooperation, in relation to the concerned issues and typologies of interaction

ü  a model for evaluating the performance of cooperation

ü  a platform for managing supra-local planning


AREA VASTA 2.0 A new form of localism in Italy: challenges, risks and opportunities for spatial planning across local boundaries

Expected results

ü  the definition of policy recommendations for strategic and supra-local planning, addressed to Local Planning Authorities and practitioners

ü  an innovative approach to explore new paths for planning at a supra-local level through a methodological and virtual platform for managing joint planning across boundaries


Methods 5. Development of a virtual platform for supra-local planning First step: Giscake_edu Alpha version of the platform for students (made by the academic Spinoff ARTU’) Next step: Giscake_LA Beta version of the platform for Local Authorities

LookingforwardGISCAKE!IlSole24Ore3May2015


Research Tasks at TU Delft

ShapingregionalfuturesMapping,designing,transforming!

Aconferenceontheperformanceofregionaldesign

14th-15thOctober2015OSKARVONMILLERFORUMMunich

Conference host Technische Universität München (TUM) supported by Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) Agnes Förster, Alain Thierstein, Chair of Urban Development, TUM www.re.ar.tum.de

Verena Balz, Wil Zonneveld, Chair of Spatial Planning & Strategy, TU Delft http://www.spatialplanning.bk.tudelft.nl

Research focus: PlanningacrosslocalboundariesinamomentofplanningrescalingallaroundEurope,whenasharedneedemergesfor:•  shapingtheboundariesoftheurbanregion•  conceivingasharedvisionofitsspaGaldevelopmentà“Regionaldesign”processesariseandhavedifferentrolesinplanningpracGces,anddifferentcondiGonsmakethemwork.Research questions: •  Giventhatthecontextisimportant,whicharetherelaBons

betweentherescalingofgovernanceandplanningsystemsandprocessesofregionaldesign?

•  DoesregionaldesignmaTersforplanningstrategicallyacrosslocalboundaries?HowandunderwhichcondiGons?

Research thesis: REGIONAL DESIGN MATTERS!


Research Tasks at TUDelft

Connected research questions:

1.Whatdoesregionaldesignmeans?1.1RegionaldesignasakeymomentininteracGvegovernance

processes(Lingua)1.2RegionaldesignasadiscreGonaryapproachtoregional

planning(Balz,Zonneveld&Nadin,2014)1.3SeZngRegionalDesign:whatisaregion?2.Howtoevaluateitsperformanceinrela;ontodiverseplanningsystemsandcultures?2.1HowtoanalyseRegionalDesign?Provideatoolboxto

analyseplanningschemes:whatisshownonthemap?Inwhichway,forwhometc.

2.2HowtoevaluatethePerformanceofRD(Balz&Zonneveld,2015)inrelaGontodiverseplanningsystems(Lingua)

2.3Ina“differenGalEurope”,howcanRDinteractwith“indicaGve”and“imperaGve”planningsystemsandcultures?

Regional design and governance rescaling: comparing European practices.

Research Tasks at TUDelft


The context •  Neo-liberalism and governance rescaling in Europe •  Changes occurring to the Italian institutional system •  Issues to tackle





Strategicvacuum(a]er2011)

Neo-liberalism and governance rescaling

WeliveininteresBngBmes(Hougton&Allmendinger,2014:164)

The context

The context - Italy

Localism in Italy: changes in the Italian Institutional System

Law 7 August 2012, n. 135 & Law 7 April 2014, n. 56

“Re-organization" of local authorities through a process of "rationalization" including:

•  transformation of all provinces in second level institution, with non-elected assemblies and a reduction of their competencies

•  suppression of provinces who insist on 10 major regional capital cities and replacement with "Metropolitan cities"

•  duty to union for municipalities with a population up to 5,000 inhabitants. In any case, the optimal size cannot be less than 10,000 inhabitants (or 3,000 in mountain areas).

Senate Bill 1429 Revocation of provinces

PianoTerritorialedicoordinamentoprovinciale–

P.T.C.P(ProvincialSpaGalco-ordinaGonPlan)

Regionallevel

Provinciallevel

Locallevel

Previousplanningsystem(1942,1977,1993,2001)

Laws135/2012&56/2014:weakeningtheProvinciallevel

PianoTerritoriale/diindirizzoRegionale

(RegionalSpaGal/StructuralPlan,diverseregionaldenominaGons)

PianoTerritorialedicoordinamentoprovinciale–

P.T.C.P(ProvincialSpaGalco-ordinaGonPlan)

Pianoregolatorecomunale(PRG/diverseregionaldenominaGons)

PianostruTurale(Structuralplan)

PianooperaBvo(Landuseplan)

PianoTerritoriale/diindirizzoRegionale

(RegionalSpaGal/StructuralPlan,diverseregionaldenominaGons)

Pianocomunale(diverseregionaldenominaGons)

PianostruTurale(Structuralplan)

PianooperaBvo(Landuseplan)

StrategicMetropolitan

plans

Inter-municipalplans

The re-scaling of the statutory planning system

The context - Italy

Attempts at defining a national framework

Progetto ‘80 (1969-71)

The context - Italy

Thefirsta8emptofcoordina>onatna>onallevel-abandoned

StrategicterritorialplaAormsandpivotareasFrameworkforthealloca>onofStructuralFounds

NaBonalOperaBveProgram2007-2013

An important tradition of Regional Planning 20Regions:20RegionalSpaGal/StructuralPlans

The context - Italy

Regional boundaries

Approved Plan Adopted Plan Work in progress

Approved Plan Adopted Plan Work in progress

Second planning season

First planning season

No planning activities

LEGEND

Success and failures of Provincial Planning

Lingua&GerundoinINU(2011),Rapportodalterritorio

The context - Italy

The context - Italy

Joint planning Inter-municipal structural plan (Piano di assetto del territorio intercomunale - P.A.T.I.) of “Padova Metropolitan Community” (16 LAs)

Practices of inter-municipal planning

Aligned cross-boundary strategiesAlignedStructuralPlansinTufoArea(Grosseto,SouthernTuscany,3LAs)

1.  the extension of cooperation and the presence of overlapping spaces of cooperation, between joint local development plans and sectoral and economic development programs

The context: issues to tackle

Planning across local boundaries in Europe and Italy

Questions and challenges:

2.  the need, for majors, planning officers and practitioners, to achieve new negotiation and participation skills in activating practices of effective joint planning across local boundaries

3.  the performance of cooperative planning practices. How and with which extend collaborative planning and regional design practices contributes to shape the boundaries of the region and to conceive a shared vision of its spatial development

1. The extension of cooperation

•  unrelated to territorial specificities

•  overlapping with different spaces of cooperation

MetropolitanciBesunderL.56/14

MunicipaliBesupto5,000inhabitants

Paradoxes of the shift from provinces to metropolitan cities

1. Lesson learned: evidences from early practices

Conflicts and disagreement



Birmingham&Sollihull

Paradoxes of the shift from regional strategies to DtC & LEP

Black Country Core Strategy Key Diagram


Conflicts and disagreement

1.  the extension of cooperation and the presence of overlapping spaces of cooperation, between joint local development plans and sectoral and economic development programs

The context: issues to tackle

Planning across local boundaries in Europe and Italy

Questions and challenges:

2.  the need, for majors, planning officers and practitioners, to achieve new negotiation and participation skills in activating practices of effective joint planning across local boundaries

3.  the performance of cooperative planning practices. How and with which extend collaborative planning and regional design practices contributes to shape the boundaries of the region and to conceive a shared vision of its spatial development

à Regional design as a discretionary planning practice

Lesson learned: evidences from practices

Roles of Regional design

ZURICHMetrobildZürich(2011)

3 Design groups

RUHRZukunIMetropole

Ruhr

CompeGGon(2014)

5 design groups

AMSTERDAMMetropoolregioAmsterdam&StructuralPlan

à Regional design as a synthesis of knowledge

à Regional design as a creative process to define the vision of the region

The research project AREA VASTA 2.0 The context

The theoretical framework: Interactive Governance •  Interactive governance: definition and dimensions •  Elements of interactive governance •  The focus on images, scenarios and visioning




The theoretical framework

Interactive Governance: «The whole of interactions instigated to solve societal problems and to create societal opportunities; including the formulation and application of principles guiding those interactions and care for institutions that enable or control them» Koimann & Jentoft (2009:820) «The complex process through which a plurality of social and political actors with diverging interests interact in order to formulate, promote, and achieve common objectives by means of mobilizing, exchanging, and deploying a range of ideas, rules, and resources». Torfing et al., (2012:2)

NaGonal

Regional

Provincial

Local

Government/ Hierarchical governance

Co-governance/ cooperative governance

Regional Spatial plans/ Strategies

Provincial Spatial plans

National frameworks/ guidelines

Inter-municipal plans

Local Structure plans/ Local Land-use plans

Influence

Influence

META-Governance

Self- governance

META-

Governance

Influence



ComponentsofinteracBvegovernance

Components of the interactive governance model (Kooiman et al., 2009)


ElementsofinteracBvegovernance

Components of the interactive governance model (Kooiman et al., 2009)

ELEMENTSOFGOVERNANCE

Images: guiding lights in terms of the how and why of governance. Many types: visions, metaphors, models, knowledge, facts, judgements, presuppositions, hypotheses, convictions, ends and goals. They relate to fundamental social, political and ethical questions, often of a systemic nature such as in value or knowledge systems.

Instruments: intermediating element of interactive governance, linking images to action. Contrary to what the instrumental toolkit metaphor suggests, however, instruments are not a neutral medium – in fact, their design, choice and application frequently elicit strife. The choice of instruments is not free but in each country the available type and range and their applicability vary.

Actions: the putting of instruments into effect through the implementation of policies according to set guidelines, which is often a dry and routine affair. However, action may also consist of mobilizing other actors in a new and uncharted direction. In this case, actors rely on convincing and socially penetrating images and sufficient socio-political will or support.

NaGonal

Regional

Provincial

Local

Government/ Hierarchical governance

Co-governance/ cooperative governance

INTERACTIVE GOVERNANCE

Regional Spatial plans/ Strategies

Provincial Spatial plans

National frameworks/ guidelines

Inter-municipal plans

Local Structure plans/ Local Land-use plans

Influence

Influence

META-Governance

Self- governance

META-

Governance

Influence

…fromnaBonaltolocallevel…

NaGonalPlanningAgencyfortheIjsselmeerPolders,1974,Explora>onMarkerwaard

FoundaGonTheNetherlandNowasDesign(NNAO),1987,Netherland2050

The focus on images, scenarios and visioning

Providing new analytical perspectives

on the region

Exploring ways of spatial, functional,

temporal organisation

Promising a better region

… through REGIONAL DESIGN practices


(Balz&Förster,2015)

Regionaldesigninthecontextofplanningconcepts(Balz&Zonneveld,2015)


regionaldesignimpactseeng

RegionaldevelopmentRegionalactors&stakeholdersRegionalorganisaBonalframeworkPreviousexperiencewithintheregion

AllocaBngregionalresourcesShapingregionalframesofreferencePromoBngregionalfieldsofacBon

learning

spaBalrepresentaBonofaregion

analyBcalreasoningadministraBvepragmaBsm

poliBcaladvocacy

InteracBveperspecBveondesign

(Balz&Förster,2015)



The context


Ongoing results and perspectives for further research •  Applications of the theoretical framework •  Directions for further research



Applications of the theoretical framework

NaBonallevel–THENETHERLAND

Salewsky,2012Balz,Zonneveld&Nadin,2014

Balz,Zonneveld,2015

NaBonallevel–ITALY


META-Governance

DATAR, 1971: Une image de la France en l’an 2000. Le scénario de l’inacceptable

DATAR, 1993: France en 2015. Recomposition du

territoire national

SYSTÈMES URBAINS ET TERRITOIRES:

ESQUISSES À LONG TERME

NaBonallevel–FRANCE

DATAR, 2001: Aménager la France en 2020



Schéma de cohérence territoriale (SCoT) of Bordeaux Metropolitan Area

META-Governance

Land use plan - PRG (City of Milan)

Boscoincittà - (ItaliaNostra)

9 parks for Milan (Regiona design lab)

410 projects – best practices + projects

(Answers to the call for proposal in the framework of the Strategic plan «City

of cities»)

Strategic plan (Metropolitan city of Milan)

Ecological Network (Lombardy Region)

Ecological network plan (Province of Milan)

Structural plan - PGT ( City of Milan)

Strategic plan «City of cities» - Progetto strategico Città di Città

( Province of Milan)

Spatial framework - Documento d’indirizzo (City of Milan)

Piano Turbina (Intermunicipal plan of Milan Area – G. De Carlo)

General project and operative priorities (Intermunicipal plan of Milan Area )

Northern Park (Consortium of 6

municipalities

Southern Park (Province of Milan & 61 Municipalities)

PLIS – Parco Grugnotorto Villoresi (Consortium of 6

municipalities)

PLIS –Lambro Valley Park (Consortium of 5 municipalities)

Area plans (Province of

Milan with 35 Municipalities)

ReLambro – Lambro river ecological network (Region Lombardy, PLIS Lambro Valley park, City of Milan, Legambiente)

Land use plan - PRG (City of Milan)

Structural plan - PGT

(City of Milan)

Locallevel–MILAN


TheimplementaBonoftheresearch"AREAVASTA2.0"


Directions for further research

October November December January February March April May June July September

Institutional Conference Case studies presented by LAs planning officiers/ members

Call for paper/ Roundtable AESOP

International Scientific Conference on regional design and governance

rescaling

Aesop papers

submission deadline

AESOP Conference Round Table

Publication

Case studies

National planning systems

Theoretical framework

IT

Florence Milan

UK

Bristol Birmingham

NL

South Wing

Amsterdam

FR

Lyon

ES

Barcelona

Verena



Plannng system typologies (Nadin & Stead, 2008:39)








rescaling

Aesop papers

submission deadline


Publication

Case studies



IT

Florence Milan

UK

Bristol Birmingham

NL

South Wing

Amsterdam

FR

Lyon

ES

Barcelona

Verena

AnempiricalapplicaBon:theStrategicPlanofFlorenceMetropolitanCity










rescaling

Aesop papers

submission deadline


Publication

Case studies



IT

Florence Milan

UK

Bristol Birmingham

NL

South Wing

Amsterdam

FR

Lyon

ES

Barcelona

Verena

Regionaldesignandgovernancerescaling:comparingEuropeanpracGces

Spring2017FLORENCE

Conference host University of Florence (UNIFI) supported by Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)

Valeria Lingua, Carlo Pisano Chair of Urban and Regional Planning, UNIFI http:// www.dida.unifi.it

Wil Zonneveld, Verena Balz Chair of Spatial Planning & Strategy, TU Delft http://www.spatialplanning.bk.tudelft.nl

Florence

Lyon

Barcelona

Bristol

Birmingham

.

Forfurtherreadings

LinguaV.,ServilloL.(2014),Themoderniza>onoftheItalianplanningsystem,ReimerM.,GeGmisP.,BlotevogelH.,eds.,SpaBalPlanningSystemsandPracBcesinEurope.AComparaBvePerspecBveonConBnuityandChanges,Routledge,London,pp.127-148.

ServilloL.,LinguaV.(2014),Theinnova>onoftheItalianPlanningSystem:actors,pathdependencies,culturalcontradic>onsandamissingepilogue,EuropeanPlanningStudies,Vol.22,No.2,pp.400-417.

LinguaV.(2013),WhenAPlanningTier...Disappear!InsGtuGonalcooperaGonforplanningacrossboundaries:issuesandchallengesinItalyandEngland,Urbanis;caInformazioni,vol.04,p.449-451.

DeLucaG.,LinguaV.(2014),Evolu>oninRegionalPlanning:theItalianPath,inICONARP,vol.2(2),pp.14-33.

.

Acnowledgments Wil Zonneveld Verena Balz Ana Maria Fernandez Maldonado Marcin Dabrowsky Andreas Faludi And all the Department Members and PhDs that dedicated or will dedicate a few of their time to discuss these topics

ValeriaLingua>>[email protected]>>>>RegionalDesignLab>>hTp://www.dida.unifi.it/vp-349-laboratorio-regional-design.html>>

valeria lingua: regional design and governance rescaling: comparing european practices

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