m VII—W Mm

V Eisaal lbs: finding ibvsfibtr-fia, 1i§3

%. fi; 333:, Eialé égaat | g. fis shay, In 8h3r83

Balietiag, as we as. that thgr§“naé£r$taaaias E! a prfihlan aaé it:

rfilatné asaditiana 1g asausaazy ta suaaéiaffil leaflarahig in aunaeatiaa

with it; tat 3333a; taper: at this affiag aaaaista 23:: 333:, as 3:331,

mainly at {153223; 7

was fallswiag cxaerpt {ran an adgzariai is quated igan.gxp¢:iaam

iaal with a natianal airaulatioa é: are: tta’afillian cayzszx “Seinafit

has beaa gsiag ghuad by running 16838; Bhfortfinately far its eaaaal

sad egsily‘éafiatcd reader; aoéaxn saiauaa 1: trittan ta ta: iaagaagl

a: aathsastiesu¢~laék a: gag: {sailiarity vita.h1ghat Inthaustia: 1a

a faraidabla afistaala betrgen our ignarana! sad say 2331 grimy at tbs

Isdaru agnaapzienu a: tfia unitarse it live in; and that abatasla silt

aantingo ta ha: an: psfihs natil tbs aggraardiaaty~zmyartsaeg at 33th;

alatiaal studxaa raeeivaa tall and pxuatieaz gaaegnxtiast*

§hila a kaeaiedgs af highs: nathsnatiea is not necstsury fer :

thsrt anagratanding 6! 8h: {33%; an: tarth in zhis ripart; s alas: can»

asptian at than eau‘he ebtained gal: as a result a: aararul ttuéy; a

'brici slang; at the figures in a chart fir gragh withaatraeaarehaasion

at that: signigieaaal is 59: enlighzsning, aafi 1111 ha 9f littlfi i:

3:: rain: t9 tbs raafisr. yat the £s3ts_gtvea in this aad'taangr'raparts

alfifia vita} tn zfia iafiaatgy uyaavwhiah.€hqy'han:*nyyaSintxy*:§aeit¢‘

sass: attsntiaa wheg giranraufit ,filthflfit a kafialiéga fif’thaafi {aats

an a 331d: to operatiaaa, eaaaiataat pragrets in tag prafiuetia: 9!

'msmmm was“: 321$. mat in ram {mum is in-

yassifiic, 3&3 tags liae at farming will aantinnn £9 b; syaanaéieg'un«

‘atahltg arritta, and Basatisfaetagy'until tbs causalia effeat at His

intazlxgenfi regain; and a dizrtgaré at tha 31333;. fiial§flil yrinc tzaafi

ara nafiarstaad aafi aggreaiatadwmuazuiy=kacpiag has: a: net saftiainnt*tbs aaaatanfi sad alnatt aatrtraai afiriat ta *3hcfi ah¢a$.n hal£~

ratiaa a: aengaasxa$¢s ta has: aa.g¢ad gestalt“ 11 anflnfiht¢d1:”bas¢d ana sapgrfiaialvstaéy‘af tbs rasalts e£.sa§£.rea¢1a¢g

2e

aeeheithallg ah atmt 13- ms the hole“: h; :saeh series h:

resumes tt the tuna: meek}. grin trefi at an, ehieh is new

ehenmie fallaey him mitigated 15 meta: with a went-ham

entmtie his: h: with the Me: at hag: by: an a given an is

wasted he the eetimtefi amt ht hem te arm eh tat than shiaé

will he atailahle far these

051; am them is mm its: heart reesiyts Methane by the lath:

mum in their ereehe tieh rather than free: grass ”hoists per here.

es: the agrieulthre at the State prefixes” ntsrifllyt

In Brae: te aahe such a emtatinh, shards are: .

this effiee is imam te eleseh hen-ht: egehte fer sheh rehash:

last year, am: the result, 9: seek éemenstretim is the“ in the fittl-M

Earn :93. ‘5‘. m else eeeply indahtee to the emissieh nee—mtg a:

Baltiwrs aha Biemohé fer eatiee at heeamt ems at h9g1! shimésd treat

this States-«analysis er the feat.» team by these amounts an)“:

latsrt Warmtely, hat all shim“ are awaited fer, hat the

amber ea eerereé is euffieieht he shes a esyehaahls tress ssetieh of;

what really when“. and page: agaih ta the feet the freeway the

apreaé betweha high em less 9::tea in greater during the mite maths

at a year than it is rm m year h matter, and em emphasize the

apartment e: at adjusting ”ex-attache at to profit 3: tin meant.»

821 price tread. ,

Tbs feeding aha marketing outings in Serth threlim m‘ been

brought ta its present prayertiene h: sellwenénetfi feeding emstna

tithe. It is, therafm, with flee; regret that we nets the hiaeeutihc

wee er feeding demwtratihnh in were}. eeantiesr anti its effset at:

this use at math in. such emu“, and 1h m» mate as taught eat

by the atteeheé Wis s: shim Wins in lsst me

‘ flaring 3.92? there were he ,ffesc‘iihg émhatrhtiehs xterm is: tsfltyn

she extent-*1”. 153 at hate}; sure eenyletah. Baring .1933 there are 63

heeh emanate-at1m amlctsd h slash eehhtiue I: this ee-heehtieh

it is earthy hf nets that the the what-1e: in ehieh there ssh the greet»

est inereaee in the amber 31‘ than salt! were also thh tn ehhhtiss faith

the largest mgr ef dwenstrhtihm, whit: an the ether m the grant-—

est deereaee themed in these meties there feeding emtmtiah snark

had hens disenhtihhtfih

3,

It is, at aanrsc, Egalizea that that: it saga aitngracfihle yagu

siaai lahar aanaacteé vita fscéing_deaanatrazi&§a, but aha taperianaa

af tag watt asrtaialy Juazifics it"aafi 3316?», if a?ar, has thara

hsaa a ysar whaa canditiana were mare fararshle far a alear deaaastrap

tian g: the saasfiada rains a: 3:133 Extensiaa wart thsa arc tag #53”

ditiaa: fiiflhvfihiah we ara‘aantraatad than :varm

.‘b'r

3A021????or:“AA?AAAA?.222£1£2”)

."”V.~.»._8¥..._A_.Arttaltn2Aa»

. ».~.-y*'.*Ha..a.A?

. itisaprintingortutufiftiahtaaunemblatnfarmattanragnndingtharegultuofan.ormoremuthndsathundltnsaanrtainphnanofthebuninauaor{wadingandmarkattnahost,

urranaaitinthuformata~t¢b1u,anartatgraph,auffi¢tunt1yanndnnped$9a?annun

unent,thanhum:1t'u&nuaaxhph¢dfardistributtanundarafarmnumbur.apiaimnunatmuch

turn.appanxinthyfollawinspaaatA '

,3

:‘*--*Q”233*."$3:5a a ’3: if: :35 ?.“ gagPa. fl3.3, wL ii Gll 3* 3. Q 34. S3 co m

'fo 3897 M38333? lam:

_ft 1897 hfi", 169131 1%.: 31‘?°;§To me for has:1's freight I:W 1162.96

f 4. “to Mafia: ,» To soft ddo“11u

24.27 M99to tracking 9.38 833.9%.88

‘ - (122.10 an.)

(1735339 he)

(111354-23 3a.} *2; ma“Ea

my“ , 327392 - ‘ 114619.33 W3 333073 33:33 60:32 a? was 3 6669.91

mantles the gem east at puma feeder—nuns: out feed and fig}: me}. or mm. etc.33349376 from the value :3: being at 9. not: per pm 223316 is: 9.52 wt... 321388.99, than33min: $796832? as return for the. 12 70.57 1331313013: or: am ted, or $1.396 per mg.

in! m): m: it amt yam td produce a Mabel? at 75 cents. the profit mum. to $8315.36.

m fertiliser; :3: plant rue mm: :3: tbs above mm, which rm: en the I’m 1: $3751.24.

Hate: Some of the” hose were Manna by own to 19031 when by truck and no share.I.“ tar transportation. '

Form 1.2

Freight per 109 1bl¢ $°§fia Mines, for set“: eanéitm per me 1133. $9.06.

Date sold 192 COUNTY AGENT

No. i i I Grade ' Net Selling Average Agentsm m hogs Height Price Amour? Freight ‘ Com. {deduction Ghee}: priee cost weight $123638.

BMM WMWé 7974.36 319mg. 667.54 143:82.2s 5 8.9g 1.6? 195

m I 4 - MMM‘I 90.61 58.86 1140 266.48 11.06 .67 :88

3m L 3% 73:75 13463 931.67 67.40 1.3.67 1.5.60 829.43 11‘2 ' 1.17 3.94

cm 8 495 M9 9.6? 8588.79 620.77 165.95 284.91 317.16 8.46 .89 3.79

cm , is MM 10.93 39056.76 1947.19 361.}; mm.“ 9.32 .53 188

cm 77 4432 793%; 9.74 W19.“ 43¢.84 151.36 76.94 7656.92 8.90 .124 1??

em #4 «394 552579 9.75 5385613; 2614M Iowa? 199-17 49891.9; 9.03 .66 190

W m Q75 gm 2.9.9; 31999.62 631.2; 2394.9& $11.12.:- 13,081.92 9.27 .73 3.77

W 4 239 40815 9.00 391.8; 298.96 71.79 85.39 _ £95.32 8.1.9 .69 1‘29

3 312.; 3153335 19.41 32513.61 1952.14 649.90 3?.77 29761.21. 9.5-3 .8? 181 £112.59

4 6; 12659 11.77 14881.93 59.79 29.77 {39945 11.96 .71 207

i a gag 10.03 1231.32 99.25 3.52 uxéae 9&9 .% 3.29

1-. 56 gage 10.03. 2229.59 57.39 25.64 8.68 1198.88 9.10 .64 239

I ‘ g 143 1963.; 9.35 33778.38 147.60 35‘34 47.44 1548,39 8.2.4 .95 128

ML 713.335, ,l mgzoi in,“ $393.43 mags 772-63, 25737? 31%;: 91:66 ‘67 152;

m 1 [km W"_._§9.v3$LM afinfi—ML‘E I 1.93 ail-L:M&m_mwe. MM 2339‘ afifiM ...29._.__167____

Min i 253 MMMMMMMJW $1.499”.

i 22; 54535 9.7% 5363.9? 31:59:? 3.96.51 $8.46 4885.? 3.91 gig 4*;

m a ‘ 625 193891 9.79, 136612.26 683.69 212.63 27.30 933.73 3.9% L8; 4'24

Fm 3e 31.34 433.390 3:96 41341.96 mass 816.51 232.75 33659.69 9.141 .75' 4,93 ‘em g %33135 13.3.; 211769.58 14934.24 43%;. 19716.23 9.1.6 JLMIMPig: 9 $09 109260 9.59 19380.39 569.57 296.44 153.00 9613.38 8.8:: ‘65 i

8M 3,3 399 1676.65 9.64 16153.85 963.36 122.19 424g 33819.53 8.84 a? 4&8

m 3 167 38870 9.12 2&7’73 mama 51.67 6446 2361.3 3.1 J7 1&2

mg: i 3354 gaze £2.66 m4.3.130 53.58 2747.77 . 1.1.86 2% 2&3 .

Wm H m 157309 10.28 ié:§5.97 933.89 318.68 123.99 l4?8§.4o 3.40 L85: m

'm y ‘53 80339 was $998.49 $.21- uoqy 26.28 $162.35 339 .767 m 34.28

W m Miflfljefié gzwgw 38217.612098846 flies 1375ML A .72 as} £333.37

FMS! «t8.»

.1X .XXX .1 X X XXXXXXXX m) XX ~ ;;X X. XX .X ; ‘ XXX -

it find {and in mat prayarly balanana. a: thfi pica are unthrtrty, gain in wuignt will bu alawwr anfi Xhe read Xanaumnawe: paund at gain will b¢ graatar than shawn bdl“‘fi

X

2.5

. '1: am.

. flan ubnta financtai result» awn buagd an a prtoa at Xxouoo par loo gunman far htan at thn far»: It in an tnttrauttugfaat an snamn IMOYO that «like the uaat of food bath autxy and pXr,yaua¢ ax “nun inarenaun u» Xhm wwifiht—ar tag has tnartgnan,tut dutly pwatt‘ aim» xnnroanas up to a weight of appr¢mamatazy 325 wanna: an an arorngc.‘ yuan: awn. unuuvcr, umatpkiauu tathat talc. flunk an uxnnystan will roault firm» a £a11uxo_a£ upputltn. in whtah an»; tn: amuunt at fwgé watun dwtly wwuld Xi»lulu taXrLy aanutsnt at «marnaut, while tha «manna of {sad «atmn for each yauad of gain and; Wfluld inanaaa vary ztkaxy tonuah an axfiant “Q tn man: faufitng unprofttubLOX

‘9‘}? AW ‘7

BQQ§N§§Q_§éTIONS FOR MQRKET HOGS

Below is shown a simple, convenient, and economical method ofbalancing the feed for market hogs when the supplemeflwnfeed is givenby hand. i

to notnip any case allgwgnore than one pound of either A or Bmixture ggilvrtgmggghfip§g&_gnd never that much unless‘they ar§_getting'all the eerr they wi i get either by hapd or through a self-feeder.‘1 i.—:,

Pigs should be grouped according to size; variation in the in—dividual weight of pigs in the same group should not exceed 25 pounds.

393 £gg§_w§;g§gpg BETWEEN g9 AND 100 POUNDSIn. -—- "WI-.—

Give each pig one pound of the following mixture in the form ofa thiCk,SlOD, daily, and All the corn they will eat at least thcedaily,

MIXTURE A.

_‘ r 1 1 , r. 7 . y w

Variety ‘ Pounds Price CostFish meal or V F ,60% tankage 28 $3.50 no.98Red Dog 20 , 2.50 .50Cottonseed meal (57%) 12 2.25 .27Corn meal 40 2.00 .80 iTotal 100 T ? $2.55

=======m====au== : : :fl::::I=flx=z========::===_

FOR PIGS WEIGHINQ BETWEEN 100 ASE 300 POUNDS-u...‘ V M w

Give each pig_one pound of the following mixture in the formof a thick slop, daily, and all the corn they will eat at leasttwice daily.

MIXTURE B.

Variety Pounds Pricev' CostFish meal or i E ' ‘ _"' _60% tankage 55 $3.50 e1.25Red Dog 25 2.50 .62Cottonseed meal (37%) 15 2.25 .54Cornfimeal 25 2.00 ' 550Total 100 WE T $2.69

Mixture B is the basic mixture. The addition of corn mealequal to 25% by weight of any quantity of Mixture B makes Mixture A.Thus the addition of 25 pounds of corn meal to the 100 pounds ofMixture B shown above will result in 125 pounds of Mixture.d.

MINERAL MIXTUBE

Acid phosphate 10 poundsHardwood ashes, or ground limestone 10 poundsmenon salt , 2 poundsTo make 22 pounds

Knep the mineral mixture constantly available to the hogs, orthoroughly mix 2 pounds withe,ach 100 pounds of Mixtures.A: and B.

NORTH CAROLINA STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND‘ENGINEERING

OFFICE OF SWINE EXEENSION

.66.............T. ..‘. -“.w.m .ww..-..... , ”one.” .WM...W_.-.WmIEWIKUW-mW91m—m~q; .. “7-5-...“

A VERAGE MONTHCmm YE/ZRLY PR/CE5096 H065 FRO/’1 J'AN. / L920To J?!N / I928

-——-— YEARLY RECEIPTS!) AT // MAW/(£75. ~--—-——-'

$555973 L920 /92/ ’ T922 ! /923 E /924 /925 /926

‘ ' ‘ ' i$7353 28552000 28. 439M 29,669. 960 58, 483.69936644 990 3632/. 6 26766.966

6 Am i

JAM

‘: AVE/MM 6/450 #895 #960 #775 {a 20‘ 372 I5 1/3/0- AVERAGE ;, ‘

[OFF/(LE 0/: SWINE EXTEN5/0N N C 57'ATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE Mo N6/NEER/N6LC

SHOWING THE EFFECT OF RATE OF GAIN ON PROFIT

The delusion of "cheap gains" is costing the farmers of North Carolina thousands of dollars annually. Lot 6 below, shows‘the result of feeding 15 pigs 2 pounds of corn daily per 100 pounds of live weight. Lot 7 shows the result of self-feedingcorn and tankage to a similar lot. The pigs in both lots averaged 77.6 pounds at the beginning of the 98 day feeding period.

Both lots were on good alfalfa pasture, which.is charged at $l5.00‘per acre; corn is charged at $0.75 per bushel, and tankageat $70.00 per ton. Gains are credited at $10.00 per 100 pounds. v

{'tas€"'l 'munn Iof gain ' of gain 1

I $20.85 $105.84 VALUE

:LOt §~ ti I f l élliléioig; é/74/ééé/éé P f't 34 99 | Of €31“‘ra on o orn . as .‘ . ro 1 W . P2 2. 4

‘.6 :eorn, daily it I //[//////// w . ‘ ISelf-fed II I li‘lllTlIli Tllllll I] lllPast./corn and it I Concentrates .l33.25 ’ 1 |||$ll.25 Profit $108.34 |

L,7 l_ tankagg ii i lllllllllllllllllilill [I l ll|////// I

THE “CHEAP QAQNS“ MYTH EXPLODED.

As will be seen by a study of this page, limited-fed.pigs require about three times as much pasture and make less than

half the gains as do pigs self-fed a balanced ration; and when the pasture is charged against them, the gains made by the pigs

in Lot 6 cast $3.86 for concentrates and $2.83 for pasture, a total cost of $6.69 per 100 pounds as compared with $5.27 for

concentrates and $0.44 for pasture, or $5.7l per 100 pounds gain in Lot 7.

WITH CHARGE FOR PASTURE OMITTEDCost of concentrates Value per firofit per Gain Profit Profit PROFIT INCEEEéEDTBY FULL FEEDING

_per 100 1bs. gain 100 pounds 100 pounds per pig per pig_ per lot Per pig. Per lot 8 WELL FED PIGSWERE ALMOST AS PRO—

LLQ; 6 $3.86 $10.00 $6.14 - 71 lbs. 7$4.33 $64.99 FITABLE As 15 L13-

. _ p , $3.66 $54.60 ITED FED PIGS.

VLot‘7 $5.27 $10.00 $4.73, 169 lbs. $7.99 $119.59 9

THE ABOVE SH VS CLEARLY THAT THE CHEAPEST GAINS ARE NOT NECESSARILY THE MOST PROFITABLE. AS LONG AS TIME REMEINS THE

ELEASURE OE PROFIT, RATE OF GAIN WILL BE IMPORTANT.

Adapted from.Table 7, Nebraska Bulletin 214 by V. P. Snyder. A similar experiment conducted at Purdue University Ex-

periment Station by C. M. Vestal,;gave almost identical results. -

,M§;N. 0. STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE nan ENGINEERENGg OFFICE OF SWINE EXTENSION‘

Form 36.HOGGING DOWN CORN AND SOYBEANS

Below is shown the average of five years' results of experiments conducted by the Missouri Agricultural Experiment

Station with hogging down corn supplemented with tankage; corn and soybeans supplemented with tankage; corn and soybeans

without supplement; and corn alone.

Thirteen shoats averaging 114 pounds, harvested each acre in about 22 days. The crop is charged at $19.00 per acre_

and the tenkage at $70.00 per ton. Gains are credited at 10¢ per pound. The acid test of Profit is used for comparison.

u \iLOT : l : 2 , : 3 : 4FEED , :CORN AND TANKAGE :CORN.SOY§EANS AND TANKAGE »;§QRN AND SOYBEANS : CORN ALONE

Bushels of grain per acre : Corn 34.82 : Corn 30.42 :Corn 30.26 : Corn 38.18: : Soybeans 4.12 - :Soybeans ' 4.14 :

Total : 34.8gfl» .; 34.54 : 34.40 : 38.18Average daily gain per pig: 1.81fi : ' ;.74 : 1.07 : .95

: Corn 375.8 : Corn 366.2 :Corn 559.1 : Corn 741Feed per 1C0 lbs. gain : Tankage 37.2 : Tankage 35.6 :Soybeans 81.9 :

:Soybeans 51.7 .Totalfi : 413 : 44335 : '641 : 741

Cost per 1C0 lbs, gain : $3.92 : $4.23 : $6.27 : $6.88Value of gains @ 10g : . 51.88 : 47.82 : .M§0.51 : 27.62Cost of gains : $25.75 : 24.97 : 19.00 : 19.00Prgfit per acre : 26.13 : 22.85 « : 13.31 : 8.62

Assuming that two and a half days of man labor were sufficient to produce the crop, and that one day would besufficient to care for the hogs during the 22 days they were in the field, THE PROFIT PER DAY OF MAN LABOR DEVOTEDTO RAISING THE CROP AND FEEDING IT would be about as follows: LOT 1 - LOT 2

355.357" 56.33.:If made "soft" by the soybeans, profit per day would be: $7.47 3380If made "oily" by the soybeans, profit per day would be: 7.47 2,43

OFFICE OF SWINE EXTENSION, N. 0.STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND ENGINEERING

£31; LOT 43.23. {2:43.‘25-37 ~ 23461359 2.46

Form 37THREE REASONS WHY NORTH CAROLINA HOGS DO NOT PAY

High Cost of Production; Slow Rate of Gain; Low Quality of Product

The above three reasons for the unattractive returns from hogs in North Carolina may, in many instances, be

expressed by one compound word-—SOYBEANS.

gs shown by Form 36. the return in profit per day of human labor devoted to raising and hogging a crop was reduced

_§§&ggr by dependence on soybeans as a supplement to corn, not considering the effect of the beans on the Quality of the

carcass. That alone is Sufficient to discourage the raising of soybeans for hog feed.

'Hogs, made "soft" or "oily" by eating soybeans are docked $1.00 to $5.00 per 100 pounds, accordingly. This

deckage added to the high cost of producing them, makes the production of such hogs unprofitable, except during a

period of high prices, and always at a heavy loss of potential profit. .

RETURNS FROM A CAR OF HOGS SHIPPED TO RICHMOND, VA., MAY 5, 1927

O C O .

_:N0.:Total'zAveragezPrice : » :Deduction: :Net :Cost of:Profit#3Profit#zTotal§3

GRADE :hogsweightzweight :subject : Amount : Freight : Com. :for grade: Check :price :sellingzper cwt:per pig:profit

Hard :_52:5625 ° ' . 56.52 . 06 :Hard :fi555.05 : :§161.28. =====a====—'—-.== ~———~———— . ""' _ . . . :

0.29 : 0.41 :22.22Q hp ‘”S & Oilx 3 5517575 : 145 : 9.88 : 748.52 : 49.18 E 12.25 2%134.62 2 552.47 : 7.29 2 0.81

E 85;;5200 Elisa §$10.24 2$1352.132$85.7o 2$24.51 :$134.62 §$1107.50 :$8.39 §$0.83 2t1.39 2t2.16 2$;§§;50

#éssuming that, including all charges, it cost $7.00 per 100 pounds to produce the hogs.

0n the basis of $7.00 per 100 pounds cost of production, 52 hogs intelligently handled paid $159.06 more

profit than 53 hogs sold from the same car, which had been produced in the customary way. Dockage $1.78 per 100 pounds.

OFFICE OF SWINE EXTENSION, N. C. STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND ENGINEERING.

.- - ‘ ' 1 «P 3,:

3 AVERAGE CORN AND HOG RA7/0 8YMO/VfHS FROMJ/WA/BZO 78MM /888-8 ms. -

i ’ (pm,44, NUMBER orgasms 0/:COR/V 8508/88287088V /80808wi OF;/ V5H065,

YE/IR A920 3 /92/ L922 3 L923 /9Z4- L925 /.926 A927

if; A A N \~ M /»' x

1 . -\w “ 9

1 1‘2:\ I l ’1. I ::)l‘ - I ‘2'“3 I) ”V. /2 b - - - -3 ‘- - — ’ '_p — - ~ — - AVEPME — q- — - - — - u— an. — - - d ‘33}!333 ON‘ 5 \ Ir3 // 3 .. H A .

9' :34w ‘ - g3xi

/ —-JVii

i /o [I A - 3 \\ ' I. .- 9. [\V]

' 9 x ‘ '

l ~ \/ - , ' V V"1 - 7 . ,

, 3 ”L“, 928 x4. /4-.4- 9. 82 ‘ //.3 /Z 7 V Ef? , " OFF/(E OFSWINE EXTENSIOM N C STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ANiiTENGINEER/NG J