UZBEK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MATERIALS SCIENCE INSTITUTE

OF SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION “PHYSICS-SUN”

  

POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTIVE OF POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTIVE OF

RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATION IN RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATION IN

UZBEKISTANUZBEKISTAN

Dr. Sultan Suleimanov

E-mail: sultan@uzsci.net

  

Washington - 2009

INTRODUCTION

• One of the expected peculiarities of 21 century is catastrophic consequences of natural resources exhaustion and climate warming on Earth. Problem of energy has already acquired a global character now.

• According to evaluations of the World Energy Agency for year 2050 the share of Renewable Energy (RE) should reach ~40% of the total energy balance. In this case only the concentration of CO2 will be stabilized in 2050 and then it can slowly decrease.

• During the coming 15 years new ecologically clean technologies should be created and implemented, financial and law barriers in this field should be removed, RE market should be created in Uzbekistan. 

• DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. The share of using RE sources in developed countries is 5 - 8 % from the total amount.

• Though the price for energy carriers is very low, there are 1500 populated settlements in Uzbekistan which do not have any energy sources, and application of installations on renewable energy sources is economically reasonable.

• Alternative technology for RE is nuclear energy. In France, 70 % of electricity is produced by nuclear power stations.

TECHNICAL POTENTIAL OF UZBEKISTAN IN RE

Type of renewable energy

Potential in equivalent fuelmillion tons

Uzbekistan World

Total potential

Technical potential**

Total potential

Solar energy 76459,5 265,1 131.106

Wind energy 3,33 0,64 2.106

Hydro-energy 3,43 2,73 7.106

Energy of biomass 13,8 2,92 0,1.106

Total 76480,0 271,39 140,1.106

Technical potential** is the amount of energy which can be produced by renewable installations today.

• For the years of independence from 1991, annual production has increased:

Gas in 1,4 times

Oil and gas condensate in 3 times

• This has enabled the Republic to achieve energy independence

Production of electrical energy for today is the following:

• Thermal stations produce 88 %

• Hydropower stations produce 12%

STRUCTURE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN UZBEKISTAN

Others12,5% Agriculture

29,8%

Industry37,4%

Construction0,2%

Communal and housing17,7%

Transport2,55%

HYDRO-POWER ENGINEERING

•Technical potential of the main rivers of Uzbekistan is 21,0 TW . h. Technical potential of little rivers is 10,4 TW . h.

•At the present time, 20% of this potential is used. 31 hydro-electric power stations with fixed power of 1,7 GW are working. They produce 6 TW . h electric energy per year.

ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING

• Uzbekistan has favorable climate conditions for using solar energy.

• Technical potential of solar energy exceeds the annual requirements of Uzbekistan for power resources as much as about 4 times (65 - 70 equivalent million ton/year).

• In Uzbekistan quantity of solar radiance hours during a year reaches 2800 - 3100. Direct solar radiation reaches up to 1000 W/m2.

PRIMARY DIRECTIONS OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE FIELD OF SOLAR ENERGY

• Investigations and developing of new progressive technologies on transformation of solar energy.

• Wide industrial production of water heating solar systems.

• Production of technical silicon, solar cells and solar arrays for photoenergetics.

• Thermodynamic conversion of solar energy on the basis of Stirling cycle.

• Production of functional and constructive ceramics on the basis of domestic raw materials and materials synthesized on the Big Solar Furnace.

• Professional training of experts on development and production of RE Installations.

• Pilot demonstration projects.

Very low intensity of solar energy:

The flow of solar energy is around 850 W / m2. At 12 % efficiency of solar cells, from 1 square meter we can get around 100 W.

Very low prices for fuelUsually the electricity produced by solar arrays has the price of

5-20 times more than for traditional technology.RE Installations are very expensive and the implementation

needs large financial potential.

The price of solar energy installations per 1 kW is 5-10 times more than for traditional technology.

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR ENERGY INSTALLATIONS

• Scientists and engineers in RE related area have real experience in the field of RE application.

• Domestic technical potential to produce own RE installation.

• Privileges (to producers, importers and consumers) for RE activity.

• Opportunity to import RE installation and ecologically clean technologies from abroad.

WHAT IS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENTATION OF RE INSTALLATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN

Flat solar water heater, developed in

Physical Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences

of Uzbekistan

The field of solar collectors for combined system of hot water supply produced in Tashkent in the framework of TACIS

Portable solar sources for consumers removed from central electricity net

Photovoltaic installation in expanded form

Electronic control units of the installation:

1 – Inverter with controller in single case,

2 – accumulator batteries, 3 – photovoltaic batteries

1

3

2

Photovoltaic installation, mounted

inside the touristic object Ayazkala

Portable photovoltaic welding unit

Water desalinization system

Increase of photovoltaic stations production in the worldMW

year

• Engine on the basis of Stirling cycle operates from external heat source (gas, solar energy, other types of fuels).

• Thermodynamic conversion of solar energy on the basis of Stirling engine allows to obtain electric and thermal energy.

• Use of autonomous solar energy-installations with Stirling engine is perspective for consumers living in remote regions and for module electric power stations.

THERMODYNAMIC CONVERSION BASED ON STIRLING ENGINE

20.04.23

Stirling engine ( 1 kW ) combined with solar

concentrator (diameter 5 m)

20.04.23

Stirling engine developed by Physical Technical Institute.Power : 3 kW (electricity)

and 18 kW (hot water)

20.04.23

Experimental Stirling engine with gas burner, with 5 kW “swash plate” drive

20.04.23

General view of the Big Solar Furnacewith heliostat field

20.04.23

Concentrator of the Big Solar Furnace with thermal power of 1000 KW

20.04.23

General view of heliostat field

20.04.23

Technological Tower of the Big Solar Furnace

Ceramic goods, produced on the basis of materials synthesized on the Big Solar Furnace

 

WIND ENERGY

The analysis of wind speeds in Uzbekistan and their instability during a day and year shows, that the creation of autonomous wind power stations in Uzbekistan is ineffective. It is reasonable to create combined installations like wind power generator with photovoltaic station.

ENERGY OF BIOMASS

• Forests occupy nearly 3.2 % of the republic territory. They belong to the 1st group and their commercial cutting is prohibited.

• Main feedstock for biomass is stem of cotton plant and wastes of agriculture. They are distributed over all agricultural fields of the Republic. That is why the creation of autonomous installations using wastes of agriculture together with wastes of livestock farms and complexes for biogas production are economically profitable.

Solar Hydrogen

Zn + H2O ZnO + H2↑

Industrial technology of Zn and ZnO production uses electrolysis, which requires much energy and pollutes the environment.

In regular conditions thermal dissociation of ZnO passes under 17500C.

ZnO + C Zn + CO2

350-8000C

12000C

CONCLUSION

       Uzbekistan has all capabilities to get positive results in using RE:

• Uzbekistan possesses huge renewable energy sources.

• Scientists and engineers in RE related area posses real experience on the field of RE.

• The domestic technical potential to produce own RE.

• RE activity in Uzbekistan have some privileges in taxes and free from custom payments.