Using Nanotechnology in Medical Imaging and

Diagnosis

Alisha Shutler • Introduction to Nanotechnology

December 1, 2007

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Introduction Bioimaging Techniques Medical Uses Nanotechnology’s Role References

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IntroductionIntroduction

Biomedical imaging has revolutioned the healthcare industry

Current popular techniques involve imaging at structural and anatomic level

Need to extend imaging to cellular and molecular levels

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Bioimaging Techniques: Reflection, Transmission, and Fluorescence

Bioimaging Techniques: Reflection, Transmission, and Fluorescence

Reflection [1] Confocal Microscopy Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Transmission [1] Confocal Microscopy Phase Contrast and Dark Field Microscopy Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

Fluorescence [1] (Epi)-Fluorescense Microscopy Scanning Optical Microscopy Confocal Microscopy Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy (TPLSM) Total Internal Reflection Fluorescense Microscopy (TIRF) Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)

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Bioimaging Techniques: Reflection, Transmission, and Fluorescence

Bioimaging Techniques: Reflection, Transmission, and Fluorescence

Reflection [1] Confocal Microscopy Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Transmission [1] Confocal Microscopy Phase Contrast and Dark Field Microscopy Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

Fluorescence [1] (Epi)-Fluorescense Microscopy Scanning Optical Microscopy Confocal Microscopy Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy (TPLSM) Total Internal Reflection Fluorescense Microscopy (TIRF) Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)

Fluorescence Imaging of Collagen [2]

Two-Photon Imaging [2]

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Bioimaging Techniques: Getting Additional Information

Bioimaging Techniques: Getting Additional Information

Spectral Imaging [1] Bandpass Filters Localized Spectroscopy Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

(FRET) Time Resolved Imaging [1]

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) Nonlinear Optical Imaging [1]

Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS)Interference Filter [3]

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Bioimaging Techniques: Looking Ahead

Bioimaging Techniques: Looking Ahead

Multifunction Imaging 4Pi Imaging Combination Microscopes Miniaturized Microscopes

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Medical Uses: In-vivo, In-vitro,Ex-vivo

Medical Uses: In-vivo, In-vitro,Ex-vivo

Cellular Imaging RNA/DNA Protein-Protein Interactions Tissue Imaging

Soft Tissue Hard Tissue

In-vivo imaging can be used at the level of tissue, organ, or entire live being [1]

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Medical Uses: Detecting the Bad GuysMedical Uses: Detecting the Bad Guys

Viruses and Bacteria Detection of Tumor Cells Cancer Detection Corneal Imaging Gastrointestinal Pathology Drug Tracking

Tumor Cells in a Mouse [2]

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Medical Uses: Looking AheadMedical Uses: Looking Ahead

Future applications of near-IR imaging Use of nanoparticle approach of

encapsulation and delivery In-situ activation of a fluorescent probe Real-time in-vivo imaging Imaging of microbes << wavelength of

light

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Nanotechnology’s RoleNanotechnology’s Role

Light-Matter Interactions Confining light on nanoscale Confining matter on nanoscale

Quantum Dots Long lifetimes Not easy to photobleach Insensitive to microbial attack

Quantum Dots Fluorescence Imaging [2]

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Nanotechnology’s RoleNanotechnology’s Role

Bioimaging Biosensing Photodynamic therapy Magnetic nanoclinics

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ReferencesReferences

1. Prasad, Paras N. Biophotonics. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, 2003.

2. Cheng, Ji-Xin. “Diagnostic Detection with Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy.” Perdue University. Fall 2005. <Link>.

3. Nave, C. R. “Interference Filters.” Hyperphysics. 2006. Georgia University. 30 Nov. 2007. <Link>.