User Acceptance• The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is an [information systems]

theory that models how users come to accept and use a technology. The model suggests that when users are presented with a new software package, a number of factors influence their decision about how and when they will use it, notably:

– External Variables include system design characteristics, user characteristics (e.g., cognitive style and other personality variables), and task characteristics, nature of the development or implementation process, political influences, and organizational structure)

– Perceived usefulness (PU) - This was defined by Fred Davis as "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance".

– Perceived ease-of-use (EOU) Davis defined this as "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free from effort".

User Acceptance cont.

• Theoretical user-acceptance curve

Usability

Performance / PU

Lo P, Hi U – e.g. pen

Hi P, Lo U – e.g. Tomahawk missile

DARPA does Hi-performance, but does not do usability so well

- Improving usability increases UA; therefore, improving usability can ease transitions

Human Factors

• Perspective– Examine usage scenarios and context of use

• Task analyses• SocioTechnical System analysis• User (military) input

• Inform design of technology• HF standards:

MIL-STD-1472E Department of Defense Design Criteria Standard: Human Engineering; MIL-H-46855B Department of Defense Handbook: Human Engineering Guidelines for Military Systems, Equipment, and Facilities; NASA-STD-3000, Man-Systems Integration Standards (MSIS); MIL-HDBK-759C, Department of Defense Handbook for Human Engineering Design Guidelines– All are general and need to be fit to a particular technology

DARPA

• Not program manager

• Close to SETA role

• Works with several programs

William Stadermanwstaderman@vzavenue.net

• Education:– Ph.D., Industrial Engineering – Human Factors– M.S., Organizational Development and Knowledge Management– M.A., Philosophy – Computers and Cognitive Science

• Experience– Navy Acquisitions: NUWC, ONR, NRL, DARPA, ONR

• While at DARPA…– Supervisor: Dr. Tom Wagner– Supported Integrated Learning Program: Reviewed research proposals and

participated in Source Selection Committee– Supported COORDINATORS Program: Proposed usability tests; Proposed

interface design guidelines and prototypes; Served as Human Factors Monitor for the contract: “Human-machine Interfaces for Coordination Decision Support in Tactical Settings”

– Reviewed whitepapers emphasizing Human System Integration technologies from several sources at Office of Naval Research

– SBIR: Olfactory Cueing– AAAI SS06: Usability and HCI issues in planning and scheduling systems– Support Congressional Plus-Up through ONR as HMI consultant– DAWIA certification level 2