use of soy concentartes in animal...

USE OF SOY CONCENTRATES IN

ANIMAL NUTRITION

XVI Feed Technology Symposium, 28-30 Oct. Novi Sad

Jovanka Lević,R. Jovanović2, Z. Belić3, Z. Nikolovski3, O. Đuragić1, B.Kokić1, D. Čolović1

University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology

2 Inastitut za primenu nauke u poljoprivredi, Beograd 3 A.D. Sojaprotein, Bečej

3 A.D. Sojaprotein, Bečej

• Soy concentrates in animal nutrition – short overview

• Use of soy concentrates in broiler feeding

• Use of soy concentrates in pig feeding

• Use of soy concentrates in dairy cow feeding

• Conclusions



Demand for new ingredients in the preparation of animal feed – development of new soy products on the market.

Soy protein concentrates (SPC) are becoming increasingly prevalent in animal nutrition.

Presence of antinutritive factors – processing required!

Cost effective alternative for high-quality proteins of animal origin such as skimmed milk, powder of fish flour in the nutrition of calves, pigs, chickens, pets etc.


• Sheme of SPC production process

Rinse with diluted alcohol

Evaporation

Desolventation

Drying

Milling

Screening

Process

that protect the

environment without

waste and wastewater

Defatted

white soy

flakes

Soybean

molasses

Soy protein

concentrate

(SPC)

Raffinose

Stachyose

Sucrose



Higher nutritive value

Lower level of oligosaccharides

Lower level of antigene factors

VS.


compozition Content (%)

water 6-10

protein 68-72

fat 0,3-1

fibre 3-5

ash 4-6

• Use of soy concentrates in

broiler feeding

The aim of the study - determine broiler growth parameters, economic effects, and broiler meat quality for the case when soybean meal, as a conventional feedstuff, is replaced with soy protein concentrate.

Ross 308 broilers

Location– “Perutnina Ptuj” farm, Melenci

Duration - December 2012-January 2013



Composition of control and experimental diets

Ingredients (%)

Price (rsd) Feeding period

0-15 16-25 26-32 33-slaughter

Control Exp. Control Exp. Control Exp. Control Exp.

Corn 26.8 51.48 46.10 53.40 48.40 54.14 60.85 55.47 65.90

Wheat 29.10 6.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Soybean meal 46% 73.93 32.80 27.30 26.20 22.70

Soybean concentrate 112.60 21.00 19.20 17.10 15.30 Wheat middlings 18.00 4.00 5.00 4.80

Sunfl. meal 33% 32.00 3.00 3.00

Corn gluten 110.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Yeast 85.00 1.50 1.50

Soy oil 150.00 2.05 0.80 2.35 0.50 2.80 0.50 3.60 0.65

CaCO3 (38%) 2.00 1.65 1.85 1.53 1.83 1.58 1.70 1.35 1.45

NaCl 12.00 0.16 0.08 0.22 0.164 0.178 0.14 0.14 0.114

Premix 1% 162.00

150.00

141.00

1.20 1.20 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Mono-calcium phosphate 69.00 1.70 1.38 1.50 1.20 1.45 1.225 1.30 1.15

Na bicarbonate 38.00 0.17 0.28 0.19 0.238 0.217 0.224 0.334 0.358

DL-methionine 99% 430.00 0.29 0.26 0.13 0.124 0.092 0.069 0.142 0.117

L-Lysine HCL 98% 260.00 0.29 0.34 0.11 0.08 0.094 0.119 0.195 0.21

Threonine 98% 290.00 0.13 0.13 0.02 0.018 0.059 0.048

V.Tuf 54.00 0.50 0.50

Arbocel 72.88 0.50

Fylax forte HC liquid 173.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042 0.042

MOS 335.27 0.10 0.10

Choline chloride 60% 134.00 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10

Betafine S1 474.09 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06

Mycofix 455.86 0.20 0.20

Coccidiostatic 499.00 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Herbal coccidiostatic 880.00 0.05 0.05

Diet price (rsd/kg) 52.00 53.00 47.00 48.152 47.397 46.20 45.447 43.983

Parameters Control Experimental

Number of chickens in the group 8400 4200

Mortality rate (%) 3,30 3,24

Average weight (kg) 2,179 2.199

Total weight (kg) 17845,80 8936.60

Total feed consumption (kg) 31997 15835

Feed conversion ratio (kg/kg) 1,793 1,772

Duration of feeding trial (days) 39 40

Production number 304 300

• Use of soy concentrates in broiler feeding

Production performance of broilers from two groups was similar No statistically significant differences between values of the parameters Mortality rate was slightly higher for control group

Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio was lower for the group which was fed with diet containing soy protein concentrate price of the experimental diet was lower when compared with price of control diet for the feeding periods in which large quantity of feed was consumed (3rd and 4th feeding period), although the price of the soy protein concentrate is high.


• Breast and leg meat yield, and technological, nutritive and sensorial quality of meat

Chickens fed with addition of soy protein concentrate (E group) had somewhat higher values of live mass, chilled carcass mass as well as mass of selected anatomical parts Use of soy protein concentrate in diet of the experimental group of chickens had no significant effect on color and pH value of breast meat. Breast meat of experimentally fed chickens had the same technological quality as the other one obtained by conventional breeding - feeding.


• Breast and leg meat yield, and technological, nutritive and sensorial quality of meat

Breast and leg meat of both groups had a similar content of basic components. However, some differences were observed in protein content. The breast meat of conventionally fed chickens (C group) had 0.59% higher content of these compounds. On the other hand, the whole leg meat of chickens fed with a mixture

containing the soy protein concentrate (E group) had 1.72% higher content of proteins. Heat-treated breast and whole leg meat of chickens fed with the addition of soy

protein concentrates (E group), had significantly higher scores of selected sensory properties, indicating a positive effect of this protein supplement on overall acceptability of meat produced in that way. This is the most important conclusion from the consumers’ point of view.


• Use of soy concentrates in pig feeding The aim of the study - determine pig growth parameters,

economic effects, and meat quality for the case when soybean meal, as a conventional feedstuff, is replaced with soy protein concentrate.

Location– farm ”Kotlenik promet” in Lađevci, Serbia Duration - 45 days, July-August 2013

Two phases of trials Feeding of piglets with weights ranging from 5 to 15 kg, Feeding of piglets with weights ranging from 15-25 kg.



Composition and chemical properties of the diets

Raw materials and supplements (%)

Control group 5-15 kg Experimental group 5-15 kg Control group 15-25 kg Experimental group 15-25 kg

Corn 56.15 67.32 64.56 72.69

Soybean meal 29.00 - 24.00 -

Protein concentrate - 17.00 - 14.00 Ekolak plus 5.00 5.00 3.00 3.00

Yeast 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00

Oil 2.80 3.20 1.00 2.50

Premix 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Monocalcium phosphate 1.20 1.40 1.20 1.40

Calcium carbonate 1.60 1.60 1.30 1.20

NaCl 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40

Lysine 0.27 0.37 0.11 0.30

Methionine 0.05 0.18 0.00 0.08

Threonine 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00

Acidifier 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Aroma 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03

Minazel

(mycotoxin adsorbent)

0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Chemical composition (%)

Moisture 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00

Crude protein 20.14 20.17 18.03 18.05

Crude fat 5.17 6.05 3.08 5.50

Crude fiber 3.00 2.80 3.80 3.60

Crude ash 5.00 4.47 4.50 4.00

Lysine 1.33 1.31 1.03 1.03

Methionine + cystine 0.76 0.71 0.68 0.65

Calcium 0.868 0.863 0.78 0.79

Phosphorus 0.618 0.625 0.62 0.62

Sodium 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23

ME/MJ 13.50 13.50 13.00 13.00

• Production performance of pigs feeding trials

Obtained average results of weight gain of piglets were very uniform whether piglets were fed with control or experimental diet Feed consumption for kg weight gain was 6% lower in the experimental group, which favors better utilization of protein from soy protein concentrate. Mortality rate was slightly higher for control group

PARAMETER CONTROL GROUPS EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS

Number of animals 22 22

Age at the beginning of the experiment (days) 28.5 27.5

Weight at the beginning of the experiment (kg) 181 162

Average weight per animal at the beginning of the

experiment (kg) 8.22 7.36

Days in the experiment 45 45

Mortality 0 1, weight 25 kg ( 10.08.

2013)

Number of animals at the end of the experiment 22 21

total weight at the end of the experiment (kg) 611 565+25= 590

total weight gain in experiment (kg) 430 428

Average weight per animal at the end of the experiment

(kg) 27.77 26.90

Weight gain per animal in the experiment (kg) 19.55 19.54

Consumption of concentrate (kg) 800 (starter 1- 350; starter 2-

450)

749 (starter 1- 350, starter

2 -399)

Daily weight gain (kg) 0.434 0.435

Concentrate per kilo of weight gain (kg) 1.86 1.75


• Use of soy concentrates in dairy cow feeding The aim of the study – to determine the role of protein quality and

quantity on milk production in early phase of lactation. Aplication of TRADKON

Location– farm of Dragan Radosavljevic, located in Petrovcic, near Surcin

120 Holstein-Friesian cows Duration - between 14th, september and 3rd, november 2013

Two experimental groups with 12 cows in each group. Formation of

groups based on: lactation order volume of milk produced in previous lactation baseline amount of milk produced and calving date.


Body weight of cows 630 kg

Group Control Experimental

Stage of lactation (days) 0-100 0-100

Daily milk yield per cow (kg) 36.12 42.41

Feedstuffs (kg)

Alfalfa hay 6,0 6,0

Silage maize plants (37,5%DM) 17,0 17,0

Raw sugar beet pulp

Brewer’s grain

Concentrate mixture 14%UP

17.0

6.0

6.0

17.0

6.0

6.0

Supplementary mixture with 35%UP 3,0 3,0

SOYBEAN CONCENTRATE - 2.5

Nutritive indicators

Dry matter (kg) 22,18 24,47

Dry matter from concentrate (%) 41,46 47,11

NEL (MJ) ' 131.49

3608

156.19

5323

Total protein (g) 16,32 21.75

Total protein (% DM) 32,24 39,05

Non-degradable protein (%UP) 3,46 3,12

Crude fat (%) 16,41 15,13

Crude fiber (% DM) 0,98 0,88

Ca (% DM) 0,46 0,44

P (% SM) 2:1 2:1


Meals of Control and experimental cows in the first 100 days of lactation

• Yield of milk production at the end of experiment Pair Control group, kg Experimental

group,kg

1. 30 36

2. 37 42,6

3. 33 36,2

4. 37,9 44

5. 34,7 43,1

6. 32,5 40,6

7. 37 42,3

8. 37,4 42,2

9. 35,9 40,8

10. 36 42

11. 42 52

12. 41 47,2

Average 36,117 42,417

Addition of protein concentrate incresed the milk production by ~ 6.3 l of milk per cow. Thus, experimental group in the first 100 days of lactation produced 15% higher yield compared to the control group. It is expected that the experimental cows produce a total of 1,500 liters of milk more than the cows which did not receive soybean concentrate in the diet


• Conclusions Price of the experimental diet was lower when compared with price of

control diet for the feeding periods in which large quantity of feed was consumed (3rd and 4th feeding period), although the price of the soy protein concentrate is high.

Feed consumption for kg weight gain was 6% lower in the experimental group

of pigs, which favors better utilization of protein from soy protein concentrate.

The difference in cost of feeding pigs with diets containing soy protein

concentrate will depend on the relation of price of the following ingredients: corn, soybean meal, soy concentrate.

Feeding cows in early lactation stage by addition of soybean concentrate as a

source of increased amounts of non-degradable protein of high biological value, was completely justified, both in terms of nutritive and economic value.

It is expected that the experimental cows produce a total of 1,500 liters of

milk more than the cows which did not receive soybean concentrate in the diet


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