use of drone for field observation - presentation of applications in emergency response

Use of drone for field observationPresentation of applications in emergency response

Arnaud Vandecasteele | MapaliVincent Herbreteau | IRD & SEAS-OI

Kraichat Tantrakarnapa | Mahidol University

Mapali | Cartographics’ innovation designer

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Introduction

Drones myths and realities

How does a mapping drone work?

Drones and emergency response

Conclusion

1

2

3

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Introduction

Arnaud Vandecasteele

Aerial DronesAnd Remotely

Operated Vehicles

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Arnaud Vandecasteele | MapaliSpecialized in geographic data acquisition and analysis

www.mapali.re0693 06 25 81

mapali_gis

Introduction

Gathering data Analysis Development Support

https://twitter.com/mapali_gis

http://mapali.re/

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UMR ESPACE-DEV

Linking Earth observation, information systems and environmental integrated approaches

towards environmental observatories dedicated to sustainable development

Research group on “Environment, Societies and health Risks” (ESoR) focuses on: Infectious human diseases in the Tropics

Health issues with spatial and environmental components

Introduction

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Introduction

• A precise map of your study area?• Up to date data?• Very accurate pictures of an area?• Same area mapped on different time period?• …

Have you ever wanted to have

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Part I

Drones : Myths and Realities

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Drone, myths and reality How does a mapping drone work? Drones and emergency response

Drones: a hot topic & a gray area

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Are you ready for the weirdest drone ?

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Seriously?


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Ok, go back to somethingmore serious!

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Benefits & limitations

Delayed deployment Few hours to days 24 to 48 hours Few hoursMonitoring capability 1-5 days <12 hr <1 hCoverage area (km²) 25 to 1000 10 to 1000 Up to 10

Spatial resolution >= 50cm/px 3 to 60 cm/px 3 to 15 cm/px

Source: The potential of aerial platforms in a ‘rapid’ emergency response context

Peter Spruyt, Guido LemoineJRC Scientific and policy reports

2013


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Aerial drones type


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Rotary Fixed Wind

Civilian Drones


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Be careful of your local drone’s regulation


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Agriculture

Mining

Monitoring

Environmental protection

Emergency response

…

https://www.sensefly.com/applications/overview.html


Drone use cases

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Partie II

How does a mapping drone

work?

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Fully automatedFlies, acquires images

& lands itself

Optimised rangeUp to 50 min flight timeFor coverage of up 12 km2

Super lightweight< 1kg equipment included

On board artificial intelligenceAutomatic safeties procedures

(GPS Loss, strong wind, etc.)

Green technologyBrushless electric motorLow noise, low pollution

Nadir & oblique picturesImages transformed into 2D orthomosaics & 3D models


A focus on the eBee

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Intuitive planning, monitoring & control software


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Optical & Infrared

MultiSpectral

Thermal

Mapping Sensors


Type of sensors

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RGB Sensor

Accuracy up to 2.5cm/px


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Near InfraredSensor

Widely use for for vegetation

analysis

Red Edge SensorWater stress

detection

MultispectralSensor

4 bands (R, G, Nir and red Edge)

in the same time


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Thermal sensor

water distribution,

check irrigation systems,

assess the functionality

of solar panels


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From aerial pictures to …

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Orthophotography(georefrenced

image)


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Digital Elevation Model


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Point Cloud

Volumetric computation

3D Modelling


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Mapping the impossible

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuZUSe87miY

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ADD EXAMPLE


A concrete example

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Part III

Drones and emergency response

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Why use a drone ?Reduce risk for workers

Up to datedata

Different sensors

Fly below the clouds

Highly deployab

le

Cost efficient

Suited to perform the « 3-D Missions »Dirty

DullDangerous

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Up to date data for emergency responseSource: The potential of aerial platforms in a

‘rapid’ emergency response contextPeter Spruyt, Guido Lemoine

JRC Scientific and policy reports2013

Useful actionable situation information needs to be integrated in the common operational organization within 24 hours after the event


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Typical disaster relief lifecycle


• Temporary Infrastructure / Supply Delivery

• Wildfire – Detection and Extinguishing

• Dealing with Chemical, Biological, …, Explosive (CBRNE) Event

• Search and Rescue Operations

• Reconnaissance and Mapping• Structural integrity

Assessment

• Insurance Claims Response and Risk Assessment

• Logistics Support

Recovery Prevention

PreparationResponse

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Missions

Year Event UAV FixedWing Rotary Search Mapping Structural

InspectionEstimate of debris

2011 Thailand Floods Fibo UAV-1FIBO UAV

2012 Finale Emilia Earthquake (Italy) NIFTi 1NIFTi 2

2013 Typhoon Haiyan (Philippines) unknow

2013 Lushan China earthquake HW 18

2013 Earthquake & Hurricane recovery in Haiti

eBee

2014 Fukushima Tsunami recovery eBee

2015 Bennet Landfill SC (USA) PrecisionHawk


In January 2015, drones have been used in 43 disasters in 13 countries

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Realized by :Drone AdventuresIn coordination with IOM (International Organization for Migration) and OpenStreetMap

45 km² coveredOutputs : Aerial map and 3D Model

Examples of use :3D terrain models of some dangerous ravine was used to perform water-flow simulations and decide where to build infrastructure to mitigate flooding

Haiti Hearthquake

http://droneadventures.org/haiti/#1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXR2m8Kuhsg&feature=youtu.be

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Fukushima – reconstructions after earthquake & tsunami

http://droneadventures.org/fukushima/#1

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Realized by :Drone AdventuresIn coordination with Center for Spatial Information Science at the University of Tokyo

Three sites mapped: Lidate village: received some of the highest levels of contamination of radioactive elements

Hisanohama: Highly damaged after the tsunami damage

Tomioka: the closest town from a nuclear wasteland

Fukushima

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http://a.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/droneadv.hm6bjflf/attribution,zoompan,zoomwheel,geocoder,share.html#17/37.33660/141.01491

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Source: Fornace et al. Mapping infectious disease landscapes: unmanned aerial vehicles and epidemiology. Trends in Parasitology, 2014

Study of macaque movements and malaria cases in Malaysia

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GOOGLE X-Project: Goods delivery by drones

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Study Ecology of pathogens and vectors• High-resolution mapping of the habitats of

pathogens and vectors• Acquisition of data below the cloud cover and at

specific dates:Follow the dynamics of water bodies during

different seasonsPossibility to iterate rapidly the observations

(ex. weekly)

Population exposure• Identify the houses exposed to hazards• Identify social inequalities (from a typology of

housing)

Conclusion

Possible use of drones for health studies

Vector control• Target specific areas for vector control

(such as spray of insecticides), in order to reduce the amount of products sprayed and the exposure of people manipulating products

Health care management• Drug delivery in areas with difficult access

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Green TechnologyAlmost no noiseElectric motor

Relatively affordableYou own your dataMany possible outputs

Easy and fast to deployCan fly under the clouds

Conclusion

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Questions ?Relevant readings

Adams, Stuart M. and Carol J. Friendland , 2014, “A Survey of UAV Usage for Imagery Collection in Disaster Research and Management.”

Adams, Stuart M., Marc Levitan, and Carol Friendland, 2014, “High Resolution Imagery Collection UtilizingUAVs for Post-Disaster Studies.”

Carlos Alphonso F. Ezequiel, 2014, “UAV Aerial Imaging Applications for Post-Disaster Assessment, Environmental Management and Infrastructure Development.”

America Red Cross, 2015, “ Drones for Disaster Response and Relief Operations.”