usbr-wwf final report 2010-2014 (final copy 10-30-14)

FINAL REPORT FOR USBR CONTRACT R10AP35279 WORLD WATER FORUM COLLEGE GRANT PROGRAM: 2010 - 2014

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Southern California

World Water Forum College Grant Program Innovative Conservation and Use-Efficiency

Technology, Policy & Communications Strategies

LOCAL STUDENTS. GLOBAL SOLUTIONS.

FINAL REPORT: USBR CONTRACT R10AP35279 September 22, 2010 – July 30, 2014

Submitted to:

Shawna Thompson, Grants Officer LC-10101

Diana Blake, Grants Officer United States Department of the Interior, Federal Bureau of Reclamation

500 Fir Street Boulder City, NV 89005

(702) 293-8570; [email protected]; [email protected]

Submitted by:

Dortha Zinke, MWD Deputy General Manager,

Yvette Martinez, MWD Section Manager & Dr. Adrian Hightower, Unit Manager

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

700 North Alameda Street Los Angeles, CA 90012

(213) 217-6398; [email protected]

Copies To:

Deb Whitney, Grants Officer Technical Representative

Rupam Soni, Senior Engineer, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County

Benita Lynn Horn, WWF Program Coordination Royetta Perry, MWD Education Programs File

mailto:wLocal%20Students.%20Global%[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]




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Date: October 31, 2014

Reporting Period: September 22, 2010 - July 31, 2014

Recipient (District Name, Contact Person, Phone Number and Address):

Dortha Zinke, Deputy General Manager, External Affairs Yvette Martinez, Section Manager

Adrian Hightower, Education Unit Manager

Benita Lynn Horn, World Water Forum Program

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

700 North Alameda Street Los Angeles, CA 90012 US-10-322

(213) 217-6739; [email protected]

Project Name: Southern California World Water Forum College Grant Program on Innovative Water Conservation

Assistance Agreement Number: R14SP35279

Program Sponsors:

- United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation

- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

- Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County - Water For People

- Friends of the United Nations.



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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1: PROGRAM OVERVIEW AND SCOPE OF WORK .................................................................................. 4

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 4

1. A. HONORARY CHAIRPERSON.......................................................................................................................... 4

1. B. PROGRAM SPONSORS ................................................................................................................................. 5

1. C. IN-KIND ASSISTANCE ................................................................................................................................... 5

1. D. PROGRAM BUDGET ..................................................................................................................................... 6

1. E. PROGRAM EXPENDITURES .......................................................................................................................... 6

1. F. ADVISORY COUNCIL ..................................................................................................................................... 6

1. G. GRANT RECIPIENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 7

1. I. SELECTED COLLEGES ..................................................................................................................................... 8

1. J. UPDATED TIMELINE of PROJECT MILESTONES AND DELIVERABLES ............................................................ 9

1. K. GRANT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................... 11

SECTION 2: PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND OUTCOMES ........................................................................ 12

2. A. CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 12

2. B. CONTRACT MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP ................................................................................................... 12

2. C. SITE VISITS ................................................................................................................................................. 12

2. D. INVOICES to USBR ..................................................................................................................................... 14

SECTION 3: USBR QUANTITATIVE BENEFITS ...................................................................................................... 14

3. PROJECT OUTCOMES – USBR QUANTITATIVE BENEFIT PROJECTIONS .......................................................... 14

3. A. WATER SAVINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 17

3. B. OVERVIEW OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY COLLEGES .................................................................................. 19

SECTION 4. LESSONS LEARNED AND NEXT STEPS .............................................................................................. 30

4. LESSONS LEARNED ........................................................................................................................................ 30

4. A. NEXT STEPS................................................................................................................................................ 31

4. B. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................. 31

5. ATTACHMENTS / SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS ....................................................................................... 31

5. A. USBR FORM 425 ........................................................................................................................................ 32

5. B. USBR RELEASE OF CLAIMS FORM .............................................................................................................. 33

5. C. USBR SF-PPR FORM ................................................................................................................................... 34

5. D. USBR LETTER INCREASING PROGRAM BUDGET TO $532,250 .................................................................. 35

5. E. USBR LETTER EXTENDING CONTRACT TO JULY 30, 2014 ........................................................................... 36

5. F. USBR LETTER EXTENDING CONTRACT TO JULY 30, 2014 ........................................................................... 37

The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, on behalf of the Southern California World Water Forum College Grant Program, submits this Final Report of USBR Assistance Agreement Number R14SP35279. For the program period September 22, 2010 – July 31, 2014, the report topics include:

SECTION 1: Program Overview and Scope of Work

SECTION 2: Program Accomplishments and Outcomes

SECTION 3: USBR Quantitative Benefits

SECTION 4: Lessons Learned and Next Steps


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SECTION 1: PROGRAM OVERVIEW AND SCOPE OF WORK

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In 2000, the United Nations issued their Millennium Development Goals, as part of a global “call to action.” In 2005, they launched the “International Decade of Fresh Water” to raise awareness about local and global access to reliable water sources. To underscore the importance of water quality, water supply and conservation, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Metropolitan or MWD) created the World Water Forum (WWF) College Grant Program. Local community colleges and universities are eligible to apply for $10,000 grants towards the research and development of water-use efficient technology prototypes, communication strategies or policy studies. The project design must include the cost-effective implementation of a global or local project, in a water-stressed region.

On September 22, 2010, Metropolitan launched the third funding cycle of the program. The WWF Advisory Council selected fifteen teams, representing three community colleges, three private schools and five public universities. Over the past ten years, the WWF has issued approximately $400,000 to twenty-one schools, representing forty-four teams and four hundred students.

Metropolitan supports the research and development of innovative water conservation and supply technologies. As outlined in Metropolitan’s 2014 Regional Progress Report and the 2010 Integrated Resources Plan (IRP), Metropolitan supports diverse portfolio of resource investments and conservation measures. Over the past twenty years, Metropolitan has invested $333 million towards incentive programs to reduce residential and commercial water use, resulting in 1.9 million acre-feet of cumulative savings for the region. 1

The WWF has become a valuable resource for Metropolitan’s conservation strategies and initiatives. Through their research, the WWF students are helping Metropolitan identify innovative water quality and supply strategies with quantitative water conservation benefits as called for in the USBR RFP. Note: See section 3 for a summary of the project research outcomes for each college.

1. A. HONORARY CHAIRPERSON

Representative Grace Napolitano of the 38th Congressional District once again served as the honorary chairperson. She is the ranking member of the House Committee on Natural Resources and was selected Chair of the Water and Power Subcommittee for the 111th Congress. She is an advocate for conservation, recycling and groundwater management to address Southern California’s need for adequate water quality, supply and reliability.

1 Regional Progress Report - Implementing the Diversified Resource Portfolio: An Annual Report to the California State Legislature on Achievements in Conservation, Recycling and Groundwater Recharge. Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, February 2014, pp. 1-4


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1. B. PROGRAM SPONSORS

The following program sponsors provided financial and in-kind resources:

FUNDING PARTNER GRANT AMOUNT

IN-KIND / CASH

IN-KIND/ OTHER

1 USBR $100,000

2 MWD $40,000 $362,250

3 SANITATION DISTRICTS OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY $30,000

4 WATER FOR PEOPLE IN-KIND

5 FRIENDS OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN-KIND

SUB-TOTAL $170,000 $362,250

PROGRAM TOTAL: $532,250

1. C. IN-KIND ASSISTANCE

The in-kind assistance served as a valuable and integral part of the program. The in-kind resources included:

The Friends of the United Nations served in an advisory capacity to projects, evaluated projects to ensure they met the RFP criteria and provided keynote speakers from organizations, such as UNICEF and the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals.

The Water For People representatives served in an advisory capacity to projects, evaluated projects to ensure they met the RFP criteria and provided research data and photos from their international database.

The Water Science and Policy Center (WSPC) at the University of California at Riverside provided technical support and assisted with the planning timeline.

Metropolitan’s Member Agencies participated on the evaluation panels, provided technical assistance to the colleges / universities and access to their lab facilities, as requested. Metropolitan staff kept them apprised of key program milestones.


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1. D. PROGRAM BUDGET

For this reporting period, the WWF contract was modified to reflect the increased value of Metropolitan’s in-kind program and labor expenses. The original program budget was $200,000; USBR authorized a budget modification bringing the new program total to $532,250. The contract modification letters include:

1. USBR Correspondence, dated December 29, 2011, increasing program budget to $532,250

2. USBR Correspondence, dated August 1, 2013, extending the program completion date to July 30, 2014.

PROJECT FUNDING % PROGRAM FY-1 FY-2 FY-3

TOTAL 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

1 701810 USBR GRANTS 19% $100,000 $0.00 $0.00 $100,000

2 701811 LACSD 6% $30,000 $30,000 $0.00 $0.00

3 701813 MWD GRANTS 8% $40,000 $0.00 $0.00 $40,000

4 601028 MWD LABOR & PROGRAM

67% $362,250 102,250

130,000 130,000

TOTAL 100% $532,250 $132,250 130,000 $270,000

1. E. PROGRAM EXPENDITURES

The WWF budget allocated $170,000 for seventeen grants of $10,000 per project. In March 2012, the WWF Advisory Council evaluated and recommended funding for fifteen colleges, who received a score in the 75th percentile or higher. After the $150,000 disbursement, there was an unexpended balance of $20,000 (Project 701813 MWD Grants). MWD Labor budget records a $4,269 balance. The project expenditure totals, for the period September 2010 – July 2014, are as follows:

PROJECT FUNDING % PROGRAM FY-1 FY-2 FY-3 EXPENSES BALANCE

TOTAL 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2010-2014 JULY 30, 2014

1 701810 USBR GRANTS 19% $100,000 0 0 100,000 $100,000 $0.00

2 701811 LACSD 6% $30,000 30,000 0 0 $30,000 $0.00

3 701813 MWD GRANTS 8% $40,000 0 0 40,000 $20,000 $20,000

4 601028 MWD LABOR & PROGRAM

67% $362,250 102,250

130,000 130,000 $357,981 $4,269

TOTAL 100% $532,250 132,250 130,000 270,000 $507,981 $24,269

1. F. ADVISORY COUNCIL

Metropolitan convened quarterly meetings of the advisory council, who provided strategic guidance and oversight of the outreach and evaluation processes. The evaluation team was comprised of WWF sponsors, advisory council members and subject matter experts, including the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, Water For People and Friends of the United Nations.


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1. G. GRANT RECIPIENTS

Of the twenty-three project proposals, the evaluation panel selected fifteen college teams. The winners scored at or above the 75th percentile. The grantees included:

- Public and private colleges

- Community colleges and universities

- Local and global-themed projects (10 and 5 respectively)

- Technology and communications-themed projects

1. H. APPLICANTS BY COUNTY The 23 applicants, organized by county and member agency, were:

COUNTY MEMBER AGENCY COLLEGE

LOS ANGELES COUNTY

Three Valleys

Municipal Water District

CAL POLY POMONA

AZUSA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY

City of Pasadena PASADENA COLLEGE

City of Long Beach CSU LONG BEACH

Los Angeles

Department of Water & Power

UCLA, LOS ANGELES TRADE TECH COLLEGE (5)

MOUNT ST. MARY’S COLLEGE, WOODBURY UNIVERSITY, MT. SAN ANTONIO COLLEGE

ORANGE COUNTY Municipal Water District of Orange County

FULLERTON COLLEGE

CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY

SAN DIEGO COUNTY San Diego County Water Authority SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY (2)

RIVERSIDE COUNTY Western Municipal Water District UC RIVERSIDE (2)

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY

USBR Region UC SANTA BARBARA (2)

SAN BERNARDINO

COUNTY

USBR REGION LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY


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1. I. SELECTED COLLEGES

The roster of selected colleges, project managers and research topics included:

College Faculty / Student Project Managers

Department Project Title

California State Univ. Long Beach

Dr. Antonella Sciortino; Kathryn Harrell

Civil Engineering

Integrated Water Recycling & Efficient Landscape Design System

Fullerton College

Dr. Sean Chamberlin; Bree Bojorquez

Natural Science

Wastefully or Sustainably, How Does Your Garden Grow?

Loma Linda University

Dr. Ryan Sinclair; Melisa Custer

School of Public Health

Crowd Sourcing: Empowering youth for improved wastewater management

Loyola Marymount

Dr. Rachel Adams; Jennifer Rodriguez

Engineering Clean Water for Isla Espiritu Santo, Usulatán, El Salvador

Loyola Marymount

Dr. Jeremy Pal;

Kelly McEnerney

Engineering Water Conveyance and Filtration System for the Malingunde School and Health Center

Mt. San Antonio College

Professor Daniel Cantrell; David Kim

Journalism Student Debate / Water Forum

Pasadena City College

Professor Catanese; Olivia Zanfordino

Environmental Studies

Water, Fish and Food: Aquaponic Technology & Community Outreach / Water Scarcity

San Diego State University

Dr. Temesgen Garoma; Cintia Chin

Civil Engineering

Formation of Halonitromethanes during Ozonation of Drinking Water

San Diego State University

Dr. Temesgen Garoma; Kensey Daly

Civil Engineering

Compressible Filters from Flexible Granular Media

UC Los Angeles

Dr. Stenstrom; Dr. Don Kendall; David Lee;

Joey Yan

Civil Engineering

Water Sustainability Project: Chocantariy, Guatemala

UC Riverside

Dr. Matsumoto; Dr. Tam; Estevan Ochoa

Engineering Pulse Method: Pasteurization Using a Lens and Solar Energy Method

UC Riverside Dr. Kurt Schwabe; Drew

Atwater, Ph.D. Environmental

Science Are Water Conservation Programs Effective?

UC Santa Barbara

Dr. David Bothman; David Poershke

Mechanical Engineering

Groundwater Chlorination and Distribution System Design for Rural Kenyan Communities

UC Santa Barbara Dr. Patricia Holden;

Ning Jiang, Ph.D.

Environmental Science

Bucket Biosand Filter; Point-of-Use Water Filtration System for Malawi


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College Faculty / Student Project Managers

Department Project Title

Woodbury University

Professor Peter Arnold;

Azalea Gonzalez

Architecture "Where is it? Let's (re)Use It": Geospatial Modeling Tool for Urban Stormwater Resources

*** Winners listed in alphabetical order.

All of the global projects were executed in partnership with their local college chapters of Engineers Without Borders (EWB). EWB’s research model includes:

- An advance team, to investigate the region; conduct meetings with the local stakeholders to educate them about the project and obtain their support.

- An implementation team which conducts several site visits over a period of years to install the project and educate the local community on maintenance and operation.

- A follow-up team, which conducts a site visit one year after installation to inspect the project and provide technical assistance, as needed.

WWF students are leaders within the millennial generation; typically they are activists who engage directly in causes they support. Many WWF college students have travelled across the world to ensure a reliable and safe water supply for developing countries. The students are not authorized to use grant funds for airfare or lodging, so they often conduct fundraisers for their travel expenses.

The Loyola Marymount University team found additional resources from a local “in country” vendor and was able to double the capacity of their project. The team was able to build a water filtration system for the Maligunde School for the blind, the local church and the local village. Several UCLA students went back to check on their research projects, even after they graduated from college. Many WWF students have gone on to pursue careers in the water and environmental industry. The global project topics included:

COLLEGE GLOBAL PROJECTS PROJECT TITLE

UCSB Nyatemba, Kenya Groundwater Chlorination and Distrubution System

UCSB Mzuzu, Malawi Buket Biosand Filter

UCLA Concantariy, Momostenago, Guatemala Water Sustainability Project

LMU El Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina Clean Water for Isla Espiritu

LMU Maligunde, Malawi Water Conveyance and Filtration

UCR Uganda Pasteurization Using Solar Lens

1. J. UPDATED TIMELINE of PROJECT MILESTONES AND DELIVERABLES

The original contract period was 2010 - 2013. At Metropolitan’s request, USBR granted a one-year no-cost extension of time in order for Metropolitan and seven college teams to effectively fulfill the deliverables of the grant proposal. The colleges, with contract extensions, included:


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AGMT. COLLEGE PROJECT TITLE

130634 California State University, Long Beach Integrated Water Recycling & Efficient Landscape

130724 University of California, Santa Barbara Bucket Biosand Filter Point-of-Use Water Filtration

130635 Fullerton College Wastefully or Sustainably - Garden Growth

130645 University of California, Riverside Are Water Conservation Programs Effective?

130641 San Diego State University Formation of Halonitromethanes During Ozonation

130642 San Diego State University Compressible Filters from Flexible Granular Media

130643 University of California, Los Angeles Water Sustainability Project: Guatemala

The program timeline of project milestones and deliverables included:

Fall 2010

- Establish project accounting procedures within Metropolitan

- Coordinate with Metropolitan’s Member Agencies and WWF Partners for outreach opportunities and obtain contact information for local colleges in their service areas

- Coordinate with USBR and LACSD to establish reporting procedures and contract protocols

- Work with Metropolitan’s contract management section to establish funding agreements for colleges

Winter 2011

- Convene Advisory Council Meetings to plan Fall outreach event and set monthly meeting schedule

- Select and invite guest speakers

- Design outreach materials

Spring 2011

- Coordinate event logistics

- Confirm keynote speakers for events

- Coordinate colleges for fall 2015 outreach event before school year ends

Summer 2011

- Issue marketing material to colleges

- Visit new campuses, as needed

- Finalize logistics for Fall outreach event

- Process invoices and requisitions for events, as needed

Fall 2011 - Host outreach event; this is an informational event for the faculty and students to learn about the WWF program, the RFP criteria and obtain an application packet

- Issue Request For Proposal (RFP) grant applications to colleges / universities

- Select and solicit technical experts for evaluation panels

Winter 2012

- Grant proposals due

- Convene evaluation panels to select college participants:

o Technical panel

o Policy and communications panel

- Draft and submit semi-annual reports to USBR

Spring 2012

- Notify selected college / university participants

- Host recognition event of grant recipients

o Includes EXPO of previous grant recipients’ projects

Summer - Host grant and financial technical workshop for college faculty and student project


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2013 managers

- In coordination with MWD Contracts, Legal, Risk Management Sections and USBR, finalize and issue recipient funding agreements to colleges / universities

o Contract negotiation and review by college / university Administrators and MWD Legal Counsel

Fall 2013 - Execute funding agreements

- Issue grant award checks (90%; 10% retainer)

- Draft and submit semi-annual reports to USBR

Winter 2014

- Colleges begin project research

- MWD staff, Member Agency representatives, Honorary and Advisory Council Members attend Campus Site Visits

- Colleges submit progress reports to Metropolitan

- Draft and submit semi-annual reports to USBR, including Fiscal Form 425

- Convene Advisory Council to plan final Tech Expo featuring recipient projects

Spring 2014

- Completed college / university projects due to Metropolitan

- Host Tech EXPO

- Metropolitan submits electronic invoice to USBR for reimbursement

1. K. GRANT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The primary objectives during the project period were to:

- Increase college students’ understanding of water supply and quality, equitable access to fresh water and sanitation and water conservation issues. Students should also come to appreciate the associated environmental, economic and political impacts in Southern California or internationally water-stressed regions, including developing nations.

- Enhance or create new water conservation and water use efficient technology, applied policy research or communications strategy prototypes for local and international stakeholders, including those in developing nations

- Quantify the benefits and costs associated with potential water savings and / or new water supply resources, and/or increase equitable access to fresh water and sanitation that could contribute to a more sustainable environmental future locally or globally

- Support industry workforce development goals by increasing student interest in water-related careers, such as environmental engineering, resource economics and urban planning

- Raise awareness about local and global water issues

- Create cost-effective prototypes that might be implemented in water-stressed regions, locally or internationally

- Engage post-secondary institutions in research projects dedicated to water conservation and stewardship through

o Technology Prototypes

o Communications Strategies

o Policy Papers


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SECTION 2: PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND OUTCOMES

2. A. CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS

During this third program cycle, Metropolitan staff worked with MWD Contracts to assign a liaison, to: (1) Ensure that the colleges’ funding agreements were better aligned with Metropolitan’s professional-services agreements; and (2) Facilitate the review and approval process with the legal and risk management departments. As part of the alignment process, the new insurance requirements added several pages to the agreements and an additional level of compliance for the colleges. Contract negotiation delays occurred with a couple of colleges / universities due to questions regarding: (1) Intellectual Property, (2) Insurance Requirements and (3) Release of Information.

All issues were resolved; Metropolitan consented to some revisions, while maintaining the fiduciary and contractual obligations of USBR and MWD. The most protracted issues involved the following colleges:

- UC Los Angeles: There were several faculty and administrative changes at the college, causing a significant delay in contract negotiations.

- San Diego State University: The contract had to be terminated and re-executed, because the grant checks could no longer be issued directly to the college. SDSU created SANSURF – the San Diego State University Research Foundation.

- Fullerton Community College: By the time, the project was approved and funded, many of the students had graduated. The teacher had to recruit and train a new team of students.

2. B. CONTRACT MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP

In partnership with the MWD Contracts liaison, WWF staff facilitated a mandatory Contract Management Workshop for the faculty and student Project Managers. The topics included: (1) Intellectual Property, (2) Scope of Work, (3) Progress report deadlines, (4) Fiscal compliance with federal funds, (5) Site visits and the (6) Campus outreach event.

Note: The campus outreach event is a new addition to the WWF program. Each college team must host an outreach event on campus or within their local community to educate the local students or residents about: (1) Their WWF project research and (2) Metropolitan’s conservation initiatives. Many teams hosted informational booths, as part of their Earth Day or World Water Day events.

2. C. SITE VISITS

Metropolitan staff, in partnership with members of the WWF Advisory Council and the Member Agency representatives attended site visits at all of the campuses.

DATE MWD LEAD WWF SPONSOR COLLEGE

February 2013 Public Affairs Rep University of California, Santa Barbara (2)

January 2013 Education Unit Manager San Diego State University (2)

September 2012 Public Affairs Rep USBR University of California, Riverside (2)

February 2013 Education Unit Manager Fullerton College

February 2013 Education Unit Manager LACSD California State University, Long Beach


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October 2012 Public Affairs Rep University of California, Los Angeles

April 2012 Public Affairs Rep LACSD Loyola Marymount University (2)

October 2012 Education Unit Manager USBR Mt. San Antonio College

October 2012 Education Unit Manager USBR Loma Linda University

November 2012 Public Affairs Rep Woodbury University

November 2012 Public Affairs Rep LACSD Pasadena College

If colleges needed additional research data or laboratory facilities, Metropolitan provided chaperoned access to their facilities (pending resource availability and management approval). As requested, faculty and students conducted site visits to the following facilities:

- MWD Water Quality Lab

- MWD headquarters building

- Member Agency labs and filtration plants


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2. D. INVOICES to USBR

Effective May 30, 2013, Metropolitan disbursed 100% of the grant funds to the colleges. Our accountants submitted the electronic invoice to USBR for $100,000, pursuant to the terms of the contract. Funds were allocated from USBR for schools in their service area: UC Santa Barbara (2), Loma Linda University, Fullerton College, Pasadena College, CSU Long Beach, UC Riverside (2), Woodbury University and Mount San Antonio College. Funds were allocated from LACSD for schools in their service area: Loyola Marymount University (2) and UCLA. Funds were allocated from Metropolitan for schools within their service area: San Diego State University (2).

COLLEGE NAME SUB-

AWARD USBR LACSD MWD

PROJECT BUDGET CODES CONTRACT 701810 701811 701813

1 Woodbury University Aridlands Institute 130725 10000

2 Fullerton College 130635 10000

3 Mt. San Antonio College 130638 10000

4 Loma Linda University 130636 10000

5 Pasadena Community College 130639 10000

6 California State University, Long Beach 130634 10000

7 University of California, Riverside 130644 10000

8 University of California, Riverside 130645 10000

9 University of California, Santa Barbara 130646 10000

10 University of California, Santa Barbara 130724 10000

11 Loyola Marymount University 130637 10000

12 Loyola Marymount University 130640 10000

13 University of California, Los Angeles 130643 10000

14 San Diego State University 130641 10000

15 San Diego State University 130642 10000

16 Non Allocated Grant Funds 20,000

TOTAL $100,000 $30,000 $40,000

SECTION 3: USBR QUANTITATIVE BENEFITS

3. PROJECT OUTCOMES – USBR QUANTITATIVE BENEFIT PROJECTIONS

Pursuant to USBR guidelines, the colleges had to identify the specific water benefits of each project. Each team had to select one performance measure listed below that was appropriate for their project. Based on their project research, development, testing or projections and calculations, they provided the quantitative benefits of their grant project (if it was successfully implemented). In addition, they had to justify the methodology used for the quantitative estimation. For local projects, the mathematical formula or quantitative outcome had to be feasible and the calculations for global projects had to be specific. The colleges / universities could not provide embellished projections that would apply to all 19 million residents within Metropolitan’s service area. For the global projects, the calculations could only apply to the local village or region.


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USBR QUANTITATIVE BENEFITS

COLLEGE PROJECT TITLE

GLO

BA

L/ L

OC

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MA

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MO

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WA

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AV

AIL

AB

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PR

OV

IDES

TEC

HN

ICA

L TR

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ING

PR

OV

IDES

CO

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RV

ATI

ON

/

HEA

LTH

ED

UC

ATI

ON

IMP

RO

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EQ

UIT

AB

LE A

CC

ESS

/

IMP

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WA

TER

QU

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CO

ST A

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CIA

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WIT

H E

AC

H O

F

THE

PH

YSI

CA

L B

ENEF

ITS

ACRE FEET

/ YEAR # OF

PEOPLE # OF

PEOPLE # OF

PEOPLE $ / PERSON

$ / AF / YEAR

California State University, Long Beach

Integrated Water Recycling & Landscape

Design System

L

2.46 AF / YEAR

Fullerton College

Lawns: Wastefully or Sustainably

L 553 PEOPLE

Loma Linda University

Crowd Sourcing: Improved Wastewater Management

L/G 58 PEOPLE 58 PEOPLE

Loyola Marymount University

Clean Water for Isla Espiritu Santo, Usulatán,

El Salvador

G 115 PEOPLE

1,260 PEOPLE

Loyola Marymount University

Water Conveyance & Filtration System for

School & Hospital

G .003 AF / YEAR

Mt. San Antonio College

Student Debate / Water Forum

L/G 1,000 PEOPLE

Pasadena City College

Aquaponic Technology & Water Scarcity

L 18,031 PEOPLE

San Diego State

University

Ozonation - Formation of Halonitromethanes

L 18, 961 PEOPLE

San Diego State

University

Compressible Filters from Flexible Granular Media

L/G 1,934,500 AF / YEAR

$890 / AF

University of California, Los

Angeles

Water Sustainability Project: Chocantariy,

Guatemala

G .09 AF / YEAR

116 PEOPLE

116 PEOPLE

University of California, Riverside

Pulse Method: Pasteurization Using a Lens and Solar Energy

G 700,000 PEOPLE

University of California, Riverside

Are Conservation Programs Effective?

L 524 PEOPLE


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USBR QUANTITATIVE BENEFITS

COLLEGE PROJECT TITLE

GLO

BA

L/ L

OC

AL

MA

KES

MO

RE

WA

TER

AV

AIL

AB

LE

PR

OV

IDES

TEC

HN

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L TR

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PR

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CO

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RV

ATI

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/

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LTH

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UC

ATI

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IMP

RO

VES

EQ

UIT

AB

LE A

CC

ESS

/

IMP

RO

VES

WA

TER

QU

ALI

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CO

ST A

SSO

CIA

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WIT

H E

AC

H O

F

THE

PH

YSI

CA

L B

ENEF

ITS

University of California,

Santa Barbara

Groundwater Chlorination & Distribution System

G 2,190 AF / YEAR

45 PEOPLE

175 PEOPLE

6,000 PEOPLE

$0.275 / Person

$2,750 AF/YR

University of California,

Santa Barbara

Bucket Biosand Filter, Point-of-Use Water

Filtration System

G 600

PEOPLE

Arid Lands Institute at Woodbury University

Geospatial Modeling Tool for Urban Stormwater

Resources

L 92,369 AF/ YEAR

TOTAL 2,029,061 AF / YEAR

45

PEOPLE

39,609

PEOPLE

707,950

PEOPLE

Note: These are estimated savings, pending additional research by the colleges and universities.


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3. A. WATER SAVINGS

The potential water or cost savings will vary with each college, depending upon the type of project and the variable constraints by region, especially for the global projects. Based on preliminary estimates, the following colleges exemplified the optimal water savings or outreach potential:

1. Optimal Water Savings or Sources: Aridlands Institute at Woodbury University

Topic: Geospatial Modeling and Strategic Reassessing of Urban Stormwater

Professor Peter Arnold

Based on preliminary estimates, the Aridlands project provided a viable “new” water source. The students calculated a savings of 92,369 acre-feet annually. The ArcGIS model can guide efforts to capture local water in precisely identified zones by applying particular landscape design strategies. Neighborhood by neighborhood, street by street, lot by lot, the model tells us where effort and investment are best targeted for specific hydrologic functions, using low-impact best management practices such as vegetated swales to slow and direct the movement of stormwater runoff, detention basins to store water, and urban forests to absorb water.

2. Most Cost-Efficient Project: San Diego State University

Topic: Compressible Filters and Granular Media

Professor Temesgen Garoma, Ph.D.

Based on preliminary estimates, this was the most cost-effective project. This unique project has local and global application. The students used rubber tires and sponges as their granular media. Both of these items are accessible, whether it’s an impoverished community or a remote village. In an urban setting, such as San Diego, the students calculated a potential savings of 1,934,500 acre-feet per year and a savings of $890.00 annually per acre foot. For a developing country, in need of inexpensive water filtration processes, this could prove invaluable.

3. Optimum Outreach Potential: Fullerton College

Topic: How Does Your Garden Grow? Wastefully or Sustainably?

Professor Sean Chamberlain

Based on preliminary estimates, this project has the potential to reach thousands of residents. Based on their survey of 553 homeowners, most were overwhelmed by the cost and time commitment of turf removal. The students provided homeowners with an “instruction manual” on removing their lawn in phases, so that the re-landscaping projects were less stressful. The owner could select small (geometric-sized) plots of their yard to install California-friendly© landscaping. As the owner became more familiar with the care and maintenance of the plants, he/she could begin removing more of their lawn, thereby saving water and money.


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4. Optimal Use of Recycled Water: California State University, Long Beach

Topic: Water Recycling for 23-Acre Retirement Facility (Gold Star Manor)

Professor Antonella Sciortino, Ph.D.

Based on preliminary estimates, this project optimized the potential for recycled water. the American Gold Star Manor facility is housed on a 23-acre campus of grass and trees. For the last five years, Gold Star used an average of 2,000,000 gallons of potable water annually. After the students install the landscaping and recycling equipment, the projected savings include: (1) Annual water demand reduced by 35%, (2) 700,000 gallons of water saved, annually and (3) Reduced utility bills.

5. Most Beneficial Use for Local Community: Loma Linda University

Topic: Using Crowdsourcing to Empower Youth on Wastewater Management Issues

Professor Ryan Sinclair, Ph.D.

Based on preliminary estimates, this was the most beneficial project for a local community. The students used a combination of social media (crowdsourcing), technology (GIS) and grassroots outreach to educate the residents (mostly Spanish-speaking) of a Coachella mobile park about the unsafe quality of their wastewater. This project has the potential to enhance their quality of life by connecting neighbors, incorporating California-friendly© landscaping, reducing surface runoff and providing sanitary wastewater practices.

6. Most Beneficial Use for Developing Country: Loyola Marymount University

Topic: Water Conveyance and Filtration for Maligunde

Professor Jeremy Pal, Ph.D.

Based on preliminary estimates, this was the most beneficial project for a developing country.

All of the residents, including women and children were involved in the planning and implementation phases. The LMU students reconfigured their architectural drawings to utilize a different size of PVC pipe, which allowed them to triple the water supply for the village. Instead of just providing storage for the school, they provided increased capacity for: (1) Maligunde Hospital, (2) Maligunde School for the Blind, (3) Maligunde Church and the (4) homes in the village of Maligunde.


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3. B. OVERVIEW OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY COLLEGES

The project status reports are included below. The educational outreach potential or the estimated cost / water savings include, but are not limited to the following examples:

1. San Diego State University (1) LOCAL / GLOBAL

Compressible Filters from Granular Media Project Overview: The proposed project evaluated the potential of using compressible filter from flexible granular media, such as recycled tires, for the removal of a wide range of particulate sizes from water. The project optimized relevant operational parameters (filtration rate, media depth, applied stress, frequency of cleaning) for the system.

Research Outcomes: The results from these experiments show that a compressible, porous media such as a sponge has potential to be used as an effective filtration media. The sponge media produced more desirable results than granular tire rubber, which due to its compressibility did not effectively filter clay particles through straining. A sponge is advantageous because, having very low stiffness, it requires very low stresses to achieve high Evol and thus low dpt. Such a system is leading to better filtration efficiency results. Another important difference is leachable unwanted byproducts – present in tire rubber and absent in sponges. A higher volumetric strain and a decreased pore size lead to a higher filtration rate. The tests also showed that clogged kaolinite particles were effectively flushed with untreated water once volumetric strain was decreased. This is extremely important because it can reduce the need of using costly treated water to clean filter media.

2. San Diego State University (2) LOCAL

Ozonation and Halonitromethanes Project Overview: The proposed project investigated the formation of halonitromethanes, an important class of disinfection byproducts, during ozonation and ozonation followed by chlorination of drinking water. Optimal conditions that led to the formation halonitromethanes during ozonation were identified and informed engineering practices.

Research Outcomes: The anticipated outcomes and benefits from this research are: (1) provide quality


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information for water utilities using or considering the use of ozonation as a disinfection method. The knowledge from this research improved the understanding of HNM formations and the research results can be used by the USEPA and state regulatory agencies in developing procedures for managing these compounds to eliminate or prevent health risk. For MWD, as a cooperative of 26 water agencies, who uses ozonation, this process can:

- Lower treatment costs - Lower environmental contamination

- Lower health risks - Further advancements in the treatment process

3. University of California, Riverside (1) LOCAL / GLOBAL

Pasteurization Using Solar Lens Project Overview: Water pasteurization using Fresnel lenses and preexisting solar disinfection methods were evaluated. Preliminary tests were conducted using two types of Fresnel lenses: spot and linear, which concentrate solar energy onto a point and a line respectively on a water container. Results show that a spot-focused Fresnel lens can achieve pasteurization temperatures within 2 hours. Additional tests using different lens sizes and water container materials were evaluated to maximize the effectiveness of the device, while minimizing the cost of the design so that developing communities and nations can potentially use this technology to provide safe water to individuals.

The WWF team received an “honorable mention” at the

USEPA Conference and National Design Expo.

Research Outcomes: To more closely estimate the direct benefits of using the PULSE system in the real world, a case study was performed on the nation of Uganda, located in Central Africa. Approximately, 33% of the population lacks access to safe water and 52% lack access to proper sanitation facilities. Approximately 14% or 18,000 of the (children under 5) deaths are related to diarrhea from unsanitary water. If one can assume that by implementing the PULSE system, a 33% reduction in cases of diarrhea and deaths is expected. The average income for a family of 5 is $1,400 (USD) and the cost of a PULSE device is $150. Although that might appear cost-prohibitive for some families, it is still less than their annual health-care costs of $224 (USD), which is usually related to water-borne illnesses. With the support of organizations, such as UNICEF, who partner with nations to subsidize the cost of materials for developing nations, the PULSE device can help contribute to efforts being made to reach the Millennium Development Goals.


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4. University of California, Riverside (2) LOCAL

Effectiveness of Water Conservation Programs Project Overview: The main goals of this research were to (1) identify household, neighborhood, weather-related, and other conservation program characteristics that influence the decision of residential households to participate in the High Efficiency Sprinkler Nozzle program, and (2) analyze how participation in such programs influence subsequent water use. The themes to this proposed work are to better understand why households may or may not choose to adopt a specific outdoor urban water conservation technology, and to investigate the extent to which such adoption affects water consumption at both household and regional levels.

Research Outcomes: The summary of initial findings includes:

1. Socio-economic and environmental differences across households seem to explain decisions to redeem

2. Results might suggest that households redeeming vouchers reduce summertime water use somewhere between 3% - 19% per month

3. Assumptions regarding relationships between redeeming and both if and to the extent to which nozzles are installed correctly are important

4. Need more information to make an accurate assessment

The conclusions are:

Prices are both effective and cost-effective at reducing demand

(Cost) Effectiveness of any conservation approach depends on numerous factors:

o Bio-Physical, socio-economic, demographic, institutional, seasonal

o Implementation of other programs

o Price and pricing structure (Smith and Zhao, 2014)

Future gains, especially cost-effective gains will require a better understanding of the “how” and “why” people respond to price and nonprice instruments

Although there is very little data available; it is highly likely that the data exists

5. Pasadena College LOCAL / GLOBAL

Aquaponic Technology for Water Scarcity Project Overview: The team demonstrated a sustainable means of supplying potable water, incorporating aquaculture and agriculture while efficiently conserving and recycling captured water. Water and food quality was measured using standardized analyses and food production was quantified by pounds/system/month. Students utilized the aquaponics technology for local community outreach by conducting workshops in building and maintaining urban systems that provided sustainable potable water, fish protein, and produce at minimal costs. Workshops took place on campus, at local flea markets and K-12 schools. This project provided a platform for developing systems that could be applied globally.


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Research Outcomes: The Pasadena City College Aquaponics team has an affinity for volunteer service. The volunteers are working to meet the needs of their neighborhoods and the community by building aquaponics and rain capture systems that address concerns of water conservation for the area. The aquaponics group is using community outreach and education to spread the message of alternative low-cost conservation efforts. The group is built on organic curriculum developed by student leaders and guided by Professor Erika Catanese under the direction of Dave Douglass, Ph.D.

6. University of California, Santa Barbara (1) GLOBAL

Groundwater Chlorination for Rural Kenya Project Overview: This project encompasses the design, implementation, and evaluation of a water distribution and treatment system built around an existing borehole in a rural Kenyan village. The design prototype involves the installation of an electric pump in the borehole that supplies water to two distribution points strategically located in the community. This system increased access to clean water by reducing the distance that residents must travel to collect water. Education and outreach activities stressed the importance of hygienic water handing practices to limit the spread of water-borne illness.

Research Outcomes: The overall achievement of the project was the successful construction and operation of the water distribution system for the Nyatemba community in Luanda, Kenya. The design developed for this system is easily expandable to add additional water distribution, including the


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construction of a storage tank and tap stands in the village market, planned as a second phase of the project. The key milestones to the completion of the system include:

- Selection of a pump to supply system and determination of system size and capacity

- Completion of flow and structural load calculations to ensure that the design met the engineering specifications

- Construction of concrete slabs to support storage tanks and masonry building to house pump controller, generator and main valve manifold

- Installation of distribution pipeline to connect tanks and tap stands to dispense water

- Training of water committee on operation of the system

7. University of California, Santa Barbara (2) GLOBAL

Bucket BioSand Filter for Malawi Project Overview: Lack of safe drinking water is a challenge to many developing countries. Point-of-use (POU) technologies are promising options for making potable water, yet existing technologies have different drawbacks that prevent them from being sustainable solutions. The project aimed to enhance a small-scale biosand filter with the addition of a disinfection unit incorporating silver impregnated ceramic debris. It is a low-cost, easy-to-operate, effective technology that was first be tested in the Kasunga district, Malawi, with the potential to empower thousands of other people, otherwise without access to clean water, to treat their water at home.

Research Outcomes: The original plan to use ceramic debris did not work out, so they had to look for an alternative method. Air bubbles formed when columns were packed even following the biosand filter manual. After conducting a literature search of native materials and working with local experts AT Mzuzu University and Safewater International, the UCSB team found clinoptilolite as a viable alternative. Results showed that the clinoptilolite filters reached higher Escherichia coli (E, coli) removal overall, as confirmed by the Friedman test (repeated measures ANOVA test; p value is 0.0003). Clinoptilolite is used to remove ammonia from industrial wastewater because of its high affinity to the ammonium molecules. Further, clinoptilolite has a micro porous structure. Compared with sand, its larger pore volume and higher surface area provided an advantage at removing turbidity and bacterial pollutants.

8. Loyola Marymount University (1) GLOBAL PROJECT

Clean Water for Isla Espiritu Project Overview: The Engineers Without Borders Chapter at Loyola Marymount University undertook a water improvement and education program in Isla Espiritu Santo, El Salvador, a community of 500 people which has unclean water. On a trip in the August 2011, the team provided 15 families with Sawyer filters and provided maintenance on the water system which supplies the local elementary school with water. Plans are in place to install a UV water filter at the school, as well as to provide more Sawyer filters. A water-based educational curriculum was also completed with plans in place to assess and strengthen.


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Research Outcomes: LMU not only achieved what they set out to do, but they accomplished more than they expected. The successful installation and distribution of the Sawyer Filters ensures (that) with proper maintenance and care, the community will have source of clean safe water for years to come. They recognize that the solution is temporary, because the contamination on the island is impacted by current waste management practices. Current practices are causing contamination in the surface wells. The community is eager for change, but requires additional resources and expertise from professionals.

9. Loyola Marymount University (2) GLOBAL PROJECT

Water Conveyance and Filtration for Maligunde Project Overview: The Loyola Marymount University student team, advised by Dr. Jeremy Pal, intends to provide potable water to the Malingunde School for the Blind and neighboring health center. The project promoted awareness and address the world water crisis with an extensive communications strategy and implementation trip. In order to increase water quality and accessibility in the Malingunde community, the group planned to install a slow-sand filter and water conveyance system approved by Engineers Without Borders. This system would not only provide water for 30 students at the school but also over 200 patients of the health center each year.

Research Outcomes: The students reconfigured their drawings to utilize a different size of PVC pipe, which allowed them to triple the water supply for the village. Instead of just providing storage for one facility, they provided increased capacity for: (1) Maligunde Hospital, (2) Maligunde School for the Blind, (3) Maligunde Church and the (4) Village of Maligunde. As LMU utilized their engineering skills to provide Maligunde with the vital necessity of clean water, the students gained not only professional lessons, but personal “life” lessons. The students were humbled by the demands of manual labor and exposed to the problems of everyday life. In this developing country, most people do not have access to clean water, nor adequate access to food, housing and clothing. Many people work long, hard hours for less than an hour a day; nevertheless, they are deeply appreciative of what they have. Through this


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transformative experience, the LMU students deepened their resolve of a lifelong commitment to service.

10. California State University, Long Beach LOCAL

Water Recycling for 23-Acre Retirement Campus Project Overview: In this study, an interdisciplinary team of faculty members and students from the Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Recreation and Leisure Studies Departments at California State University, Long Beach proposed to develop an integrated system that combines efficient landscape design, rainfall and gray water collection and treatment, and a subsurface drainage system to maximize water conservation. A pilot study of the system was proposed to be conducted at the American Gold Star Manor complex in Long Beach. The study benefitted from the results of previous projects and explored a solution to increasing water costs for a senior low-income housing community.

Research Outcomes: The American Gold Star Manor facility is housed on a 23-acre campus of grass and trees. For the last five years, they have used an average of 2,000,000 gallons of potable water annually. The projected savings include (once completed, over the next several years):

- 35% conservation savings

- 700,000 gallons of water annually

- Significant economic benefits

11. Fullerton College LOCAL

Wastefully or Sustainably: How Does Your Garden Grow Project Overview: The team proposed to develop and implement a highly targeted, dual-language communications strategy to reduce outdoor residential water use. The program incorporates the college’s Spanish-language student newspaper, La Antorcha, and incorporates diverse communications and social media strategies to educate and inspire college-age Hispanics about the economic and environmental benefits of sustainable landscaping. The program will empower young Hispanics to engage in community organizing to assist families and local neighborhoods in conversion of lawns to California-friendly landscapes. This strategy will serve as a model for converting water-thirsty landscapes into water-efficient ones.


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Research Outcomes: The surveys indicate that consumers lack knowledge of California-friendly© plants and their benefits. There are few, if any, places where consumers can obtain one-stop information from planning to installation to maintenance, and obtain an estimate and timeline of what lawn replacement will cost or how long it will take. Given that most homeowners in the survey placed a $200 limit on what they were willing to invest in lawn replacement, there are likely few entrepreneurial opportunities for individuals who might want to launch a business aimed at lawn replacement. Unlike water conservation measures inside the home (low-flow toilets, low-flow showerheads), and technological solutions outside the home (weather-responsive irrigation systems, drip‐irrigation), California--‐friendly plants aren’t something you can just install and be done with. Educating the public about California--‐friendly plants will take a significant and cooperative effort by water agencies, nurseries, businesses, educational institutions, and mass media to cross the chasm.

Surveys of landscapers indicate that they are willing to dig up lawns and install plants that the consumer purchases, but most landscape contractors will need directions from the consumer on where to plant the plants. Garden centers and nurseries could assist efforts to familiarize consumers with California--‐friendly plants by implementing a QR code information system and placing a QR code label on each pot. With a smartphone, a consumer can read a QR code and be taken to a website where they can obtain information on the growth habits and maintenance of popular California-friendly plants. Until California--‐friendly plants become front and center in the locations where consumers shop, they will not be able to penetrate a market saturated with water-intensive plants. Garden centers have a vested interest in selling lawn maintenance hardware and lawn care products for homeowners who install lawns. Until such a market develops for California- friendly plants, there will be little incentive for businesses to promote them.


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12. Woodbury University Aridlands Insitute LOCAL

Geospatial Modeling and Strategic Reassessing of Urban Stormwater Project Overview: Maximizing use, reuse, and recovery of rain and stormwater resources is central to establishing a robust localized water portfolio. The use of highly detailed geospatial information to strategically identify, quantify, and assess the potential for improving stormwater capture within urban areas may uncover previously hidden potentials, revealing and informing new resource planning strategies. This project proposed the development a Conservation Prototype: A Fine-Scaled Geospatial Modeling Tool for Strategic Reassessing and Uncovering of Urban Stormwater Resources. Results of the geospatial modeling output will be visualized through a web-based tablet and smartphone application to directly impact stakeholders, policymakers and the public.

Research Outcomes: More importantly, the model can guide the efforts to capture local water in precisely identified zones by applying particular landscape design strategies. Neighborhood by neighborhood, street by street, lot by lot, the model tells us where effort and investment are best targeted for specific hydrologic functions using low-impact best management practices such as vegetated swales to slow and direct the movement of stormwater runoff, detention basins to store water, and urban forests to absorb water. Notably, the model clearly tells us that ‘‘infiltrate everywhere’’ is not an advisable strategy. Some parts of the valley are appropriate for capturing and storing water. Others will work well for moving water from one place to another. Some areas could filter water. Others could be used to allow the water to percolate into the groundwater aquifers in the valley. And others— particularly where groundwater is contaminated—should be avoided until they are cleaned up. Data-rich modeling has the potential to inspire compelling, high-performance, cost-effective design strategies for transforming the city. As Los Angeles embarks on a comprehensive redrafting of its 1946 zoning laws, the model offers new planning elements and parameters for twenty-first century drylands urbanism. In partnership with collaborators in the public, private, and academic sectors, the Arid Lands Institute is inviting multidisciplinary design teams to take up these findings and envision a


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new climate-adapted LA. The challenge could yield new ways of organizing metropolitan landscapes, and the infrastructure, architecture, and agriculture that support them—not just in LA but around the world. Los Angeles could lead the way in creating localized models for living with water scarcity. To do so will require design intelligence rooted in science and design vision as a catalyst for the public imagination.

3. Mount San Antonio College LOCAL

Student Forum and Debate on Water Issues Project Overview:The Mt. SAC Water Forum proposed a speech contest held at Mt. San Antonio College in the Fall of 2012. Students enrolled in Public Speaking classes will be directed to focus their informative and/or persuasive speeches on water issues. Selected Mt. SAC students will then be invited to attend and compete in a speech contest open to the general public. Additional students will participate by creating posters to be displayed during the opening assembly. It was estimated that roughly 400 students will participate in the forum along with distinguished guests.

Research Outcomes:In order to evaluate public perception regarding water resources and conservation issues, the awareness levels of students needed to be determined. The content of the assessment was focused on awareness and knowledge of the water shortage issues in California and public perceptions of the effectiveness of public education and its role in conserving water resources in the State.

14. Loma Linda University LOCAL / GLOBAL

Crowdsourcing: Empowering Youth to Change Wastewater Management Project Overview:

The mobile home park communities of the Eastern Coachella Valley (ECV) face many Environmental health challenges. Problems go unreported for months because residents fear eviction, deportation, or their mobile home receiving the infamous “red tag” which prevents them from inhabiting their home. One of these underreported environmental injustices is the widespread occurrence of failing wastewater management. A comprehensive and continuously updated map of the mobile home parks will be coupled with youth reported map reports of the wastewater problems. Young adults were trained on crowd sourcing as a method to identify problems and find solutions. The youth’s work will be organized through the promoter’s network and be verified/validated by a selected panel of LLU students, faculty, and some of area stakeholders.


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Research Outcomes: The first phase of the project produced a reliable map indicating locations of mobile home parks, both permitted and unpermitted and incorporated data gathered from residents (London 2013). This information will be combined, cleaned up and managed by a community organization once the project is completed. The initial base map and a large attribute table were formed through ArcGIS displaying all of the details for the total number of trips. After the fifth week, the attendees had been out on the field with their smartphones or Trimble GPS units and practiced taking geolocation points of their own. This data cited that residents were aware of the disparities in their own communities, with regards to wastewater management. At the final meeting in Mecca, the attendees asked if the data could be kept private until there was a determination of next steps for the mobile park community.

15. University of California, Los Angeles GLOBAL

Water Sustainability for Guatemala Project Overview: The UCLA student chapter of Engineers Without Borders have been developing a water sustainability project in Momostenango, Guatemala since 2006. A small group of students traveled to Guatemala to implement rainwater-catchment systems every summer to improve access to clean drinking water for local families. Each system was established by surrounding a house's roof with PVC pipe, which acted as a rain gutter that routed rainwater to an 8,000-liter ferro-cement water tank. That tank will provide a family with clean water during the dry season, which can be retrieved using a tap located near the bottom of the tank.


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Research Outcomes: To test the water quality of the tanks made, various tests were performed: Coliform, E. coli, and pH. The goal was to have the tests’ results comply with the World Health Organization standards. For E. coli, the criterion was that the samples couldn’t have any E. coli detectable in any 100 mL sample. For treated water the same recommendation was also given for total coliform bacteria, with a provision for up to 5% positive samples within the distribution system. The rationale for this additional criterion was the greater sensitivity of total coliforms for detecting irregularities (not necessarily fecal contamination) in treatment and distribution. Safe drinking water pH levels typically fell between 6 and 8.5. A healthy survey was created and discussions with the village community members to gauge if the number of illness days was reduced due to the water tanks constructed through the project. EWB-UCLA will have truly left an impact in the community of Chocantariy, Guatemala and will have given the community tools and knowledge necessary to provide clean water for a lifetime. Throughout the span of the project, the UCLA team has been so fortunate to work with such an encouraging and kind community that is eager to learn and grow. Furthermore the students in the Guatemala team have shown that they can apply their knowledge, teamwork, and perseverance to a cause that is truly worthwhile, and without the hard work of the students the project would not be where it is today.

SECTION 4. LESSONS LEARNED AND NEXT STEPS

4. LESSONS LEARNED

The reported potential 2 million acre-feet of cumulative potential water saving of from the 15 WWF projects is a significant contribution to the “International Decade of Fresh Water”. The projects described in Section 3.A. distinguish themselves with the water savings and beneficial research relevant to USBR’s mission. Metropolitan has not only gained insight into new water technologies, but has been able to further its workforce develop goals by networking with talented undergraduate students committed to water issues. From a program administration perspective, we propose to make the following modification to the components WWF grant administration associated with Educational Outreach Metrics and Contracting Workshops.

Education Outreach Metrics

The outcome of WWF projects are typically reported by team in numerous ways leading to significant exposure of water issues to the broader community. Teams were required to their reporting mechanisms for their finding. We found that teams typically underreported their impact by ignoring indirect exposure of their work. We propose to help team fully capture their impact by guiding them to report on different classes of exposures at the i) College Campus Level, ii) Local Community, iii) Academic/Industrial Community and iii) Global Community (villages, schools, etc.). We believe that classifying classes of exposure will encourage teams to report on various conferences, Earth Days, Research Symposiums, etc.

Contract Workshop

Metropolitan successfully conducted several workshops to educate participants on various aspects of the WWF program including contract administrations. Typically we invited PI (professors) to attend the contract administrations with limited success. It was not uncommon for there to be


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miscommunication between a college’s grant administrators and the grant PI which could lead to misunderstandings in procedures and deliverables. We therefore propose separate workshops for professors and college contract administrators on the issues associated with grant administration.

4. A. NEXT STEPS

Metropolitan was awarded a fourth grant by USBR to conduct a fourth funding cycle to build upon previous activity. The following action items will be reviewed and / or implemented by the WWF Advisory Council:

- Continue to refine the definitions for local and global project strands

- Incorporate the water:energy nexus into the RFP topic

- Provide additional context and parameters for colleges who wish to produce a film or Public Service Announcement (PSA) to ensure quality submissions

- Streamline the evaluation process; the current two tiered process is a necessity due to the large volume of proposals; however, it should conclude within 60 days

- Review proposal evaluation criteria; define a process for eligible colleges to replace grantees if a slot becomes available (after the selection process has concluded)

- Select an honorary chairperson, who is an advocate of water resource issues

- Develop a follow-up strategy for ongoing projects

- Collect workforce development data on participating students

4. B. CONCLUSION

The recipients of the Southern California World Water Forum College Grant Program are helping to advance sustainable water resource management through technical research and communication programs. Additionally, this program serves to inspire interest in continued academic progress and careers in water resource management. More research is needed by the colleges to further these efforts. The partnership dollars and in-kind support provided the essential foundation for the success of this program.

“This is an urgent matter of human development, and human dignity. Together, we can provide safe, clean water to all the world’s people. The world’s water resources are our lifeline for survival, and for

sustainable development in the 21st century. Together, we must manage them better.”

Kofi Annan, Former United Nations Secretary General, in announcing the Decade of Water

5. ATTACHMENTS / SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS

A. USBR Fiscal Form 425

B. USBR Release of Claims Form

C. SF-PPR Form

D. USBR Letter, 2011

E. USBR Letter, 2013

F. Final Reports from Colleges


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BLANK PAGE RESERVED FOR

5. A. USBR FORM 425


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5. B. USBR RELEASE OF CLAIMS FORM


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5. C. USBR SF-PPR FORM


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5. D. USBR LETTER INCREASING PROGRAM BUDGET TO $532,250


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5. E. USBR LETTER EXTENDING CONTRACT TO JULY 30, 2014


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5. F. USBR LETTER EXTENDING CONTRACT TO JULY 30, 2014

BLANK PAGE RESERVED FOR COPIES OF FINAL REPORTS FROM COLLEGES

usbr-wwf final report 2010-2014 (final copy 10-30-14)

Documents