US moves toward US moves toward WarWar

““Great Arsenal of Great Arsenal of Democracy”Democracy” Can’t tame a tiger to a kitten by petting itCan’t tame a tiger to a kitten by petting it

US intends to use forceUS intends to use force Lend-Lease/Cash-Carry Lend-Lease/Cash-Carry

Aid to USSR and StalinAid to USSR and Stalin 1941-Hitler breaks agreement and 1941-Hitler breaks agreement and

attacks USSRattacks USSR FDR ‘enemy of an enemy is a friend’FDR ‘enemy of an enemy is a friend’ Churchill- would work with devil himselfChurchill- would work with devil himself

Inching toward an Allied Inching toward an Allied powerpower Atlantic Charter-FDR won’t declare war, Atlantic Charter-FDR won’t declare war,

but lets Brit know who the US supportsbut lets Brit know who the US supports U.S. destroyer Greer shot at by GermansU.S. destroyer Greer shot at by Germans

Shoot on sightShoot on sight Germany sinks Reuben JamesGermany sinks Reuben James

““America has been attacked. The America has been attacked. The shooting has started. And history has shooting has started. And history has recorded who fired the first shot.”recorded who fired the first shot.”

JapanJapan Tojo- control of East Asia possible as Tojo- control of East Asia possible as

colonies fallcolonies fall US only remaining hurdleUS only remaining hurdle US cuts trade from Japan after US cuts trade from Japan after

Indochina attackedIndochina attacked Peace talksPeace talks

Tojo and emperor Hirohito discuss Tojo and emperor Hirohito discuss remaining at peace with USremaining at peace with US

Tojo soon begins planning attack, Tojo soon begins planning attack, howeverhowever

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor US aware of attack, but not dateUS aware of attack, but not date Talks of peace halt on Dec. 6Talks of peace halt on Dec. 6 Early the next morning, attacks Early the next morning, attacks

begin on Pearl Harborbegin on Pearl HarborWhy???Why???

The attackThe attack 180+ Japanese planes180+ Japanese planes

Air raid on Pearl Harbor, this is not a Air raid on Pearl Harbor, this is not a drilldrill

Nearly an hour ½ of attacks w/o Nearly an hour ½ of attacks w/o antiaircraft fire…why?antiaircraft fire…why? Sunday morningSunday morning Some areas prepping for inspectionSome areas prepping for inspection Confused as drillConfused as drill Message not taken seriously enoughMessage not taken seriously enough

By 9:30 am attack was overBy 9:30 am attack was over 2,403 killed and 1,178 wounded2,403 killed and 1,178 wounded 21 ships damaged or sunk and more 21 ships damaged or sunk and more

than 300 aircraft damaged or than 300 aircraft damaged or destroyeddestroyed

Aircraft carriers were at sea, luckily for Aircraft carriers were at sea, luckily for USUS

Amounts to all of the losses suffered Amounts to all of the losses suffered by the Navy from WWIby the Navy from WWI

ReactionReaction Outrage and panicOutrage and panic

““I never wanted to fight this war on two I never wanted to fight this war on two fronts” FDRfronts” FDR

Addressed congress on Dec 8- delivers Addressed congress on Dec 8- delivers “a date that will live infamy” speech“a date that will live infamy” speech

Declaration of war approved for war on Declaration of war approved for war on JapanJapan Three days later, Ger and Italy declare Three days later, Ger and Italy declare

on USon US

Joining the war EffortJoining the war Effort Americans joined the war effort in several waysAmericans joined the war effort in several ways

ChoiceChoice Men-enlisted in the military (roughly 5 Men-enlisted in the military (roughly 5

million)million) Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)

Women soldiers w/ a salary-nurses, Women soldiers w/ a salary-nurses, pilots, office jobs, ambulance driverspilots, office jobs, ambulance drivers

RequiredRequired Draft-10 million men needed for war effortDraft-10 million men needed for war effort All recruits then trained for 8 weeksAll recruits then trained for 8 weeks

MinoritiesMinorities Fighting for the USFighting for the US

Some minorities saw this as fruitless, Some minorities saw this as fruitless, why fight for a nation that will not why fight for a nation that will not treat them as a citizen when they treat them as a citizen when they return, if they returnreturn, if they return““Here lies a black man killed Here lies a black man killed fighting a yellow man for the fighting a yellow man for the protection of a white man.”protection of a white man.”

Minorities Cont.Minorities Cont. 300,000 Mexican Americans would fight in 300,000 Mexican Americans would fight in

the warthe war 13,000 and 33,000 Chinese and Japanese 13,000 and 33,000 Chinese and Japanese

Americans, respectively, became GIsAmericans, respectively, became GIs Japanese used as translatorsJapanese used as translators

25,000 N. Americans (800 women) enlisted25,000 N. Americans (800 women) enlisted ““We would not need the Selective Service We would not need the Selective Service

Act if we all volunteered like Indians.”Act if we all volunteered like Indians.”

Industry Industry Gov’tGov’t

Cars taken off the market-victory trimCars taken off the market-victory trim Auto plants convert to tanks, planes, etcAuto plants convert to tanks, planes, etc Pencil and soda-pop factories now produce Pencil and soda-pop factories now produce

bombs and ammunitionbombs and ammunition FDR-executive order to hire more minorities FDR-executive order to hire more minorities

Caused by A. Philip Randolph’s march on Caused by A. Philip Randolph’s march on Washington, DC with 100,000 African Washington, DC with 100,000 African AmericansAmericans

75% of companies hired zero minorities 75% of companies hired zero minorities before the warbefore the war

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project Creates hundreds to thousands of jobs for Creates hundreds to thousands of jobs for

scientists and laborers alikescientists and laborers alikeWill lead to creation of the atom bomb as Will lead to creation of the atom bomb as

wellwell Office of Price Admin.Office of Price Admin.

Freezes prices on goods to control Freezes prices on goods to control wartime inflationwartime inflation

War Production BoardWar Production BoardControlled the switch of industries to Controlled the switch of industries to

wartimewartime

Minorities in IndustryMinorities in Industry Increase in minorities in the workforce due Increase in minorities in the workforce due

to lack of white, malesto lack of white, males Women still hired more often than Women still hired more often than

minority workersminority workers Early on, both groups thought to be unfit Early on, both groups thought to be unfit

for the physical labor-many predicted too for the physical labor-many predicted too few workersfew workers

By 1941 there were 18 million working in By 1941 there were 18 million working in the US and climbingthe US and climbing

Government and people Government and people Groups had to work togetherGroups had to work together

War bondsWar bonds Money given to the government from its Money given to the government from its

citizens. The money is then paid back to the citizens. The money is then paid back to the buyer at a decided date. Good idea?\buyer at a decided date. Good idea?\

RationingRationing Similar to the stoppage of cars, food were Similar to the stoppage of cars, food were

rationed with food allotments per familyrationed with food allotments per family

People saw this as a way to do theirPeople saw this as a way to do their part- part-Victory GardensVictory Gardens