us history note page 21 “resources behind the civil war”
TRANSCRIPT
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US HistoryNote Page 21
“Resources Behind the Civil War”
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Causes of the Civil War – Video Recap!
We didn’t Start the Fire
by Icouldnotthinkofnot
Causes of the Civil WarXtra Normal Video
Causes Of The American Civil
War By Grandhistorian
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Lincoln’s Election
-Lincoln wins election with no southern electoral votes
-Southern states secede in fear of gov’t where they have no voice
-S.C. first to secede, 6 others follow
- Confederate States of America formed before Lincoln takes office
-Jefferson Davis elected Confederate President
Review
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Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC
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War Begins
-Election of 1860
-Confederate States of America
-Firing on Ft. Sumter
-Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC, and Tenn.
-11 States Leave Union
-5 BORDER states REMAIN in the Union but still allow SLAVERY!!! Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware
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Modern War
-Uses both old and new methods of war
OLD:
-Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations
NEW:
-Railroads, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships, observation balloons,
cone-shaped bullets, gun-boats, blockade runners,
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The USS Monitor and Ironclads
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Trench Warfare: Defending Positions
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Trenches made it very hard on the offensive
side causing high
casualties
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Artillery
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Strategy-Union-Constrictor (Anaconda)
Plan
developed by Winfield Scott
Plan was to BLOCKADE the Confederate ports; control access to their ports and limit imports and exports
-divide the south through the Mississippi by sending GUNBOATS down the Mississippi River
TOTAL WAR:
To strike not only against soldiers but also against civilians and their ECONOMY
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Strategy-Confederacy
-defensive battle
WAR OF ATTRITION:
The wearing down of one side by the other through exhaustion of soldiers and resources!
-European recognition:
Seeking the aid of Britain and France! Manuf. Goods.
If European nations recognize the Confederate States of America as an independent nation it will make the North look like an aggressor and Europe can send supplies/troops
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Advantages-Union
-most of the population
22 Million People
-large advantages in resources
96 % Pig Iron
90% All Factories
-most of the transportation and industry
Double the South
Rail Lines….
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Advantages-Confederacy
-defending their homes
Home Ground Advantage
-strong sectional pride
-better military tradition and leadership
7 of 8 Military Colleges
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Government Powers
-both sides had to increase central government powers
-raise an army
Conscription – not popular / Draft
-supply armies – food, clothing,
ammo, rifles.
-finance the war
Both ran short of cash!
-suppress any opposition
-Copperheads – Democrats in Union, opposed to war….
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Raising Armies
-Northern Advantage
Huge Population!!! 22 million
-volunteers at first
-drafts begin
-riots in New York City
-bounties paid: a BONUS for soldiers who served for more than 3 years
-substitution possible: RICH’S MAN’S WAR
-many volunteers
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Supplying Armies
-Union Advantages
-Industrial Capacity
-Transportation Capabilities
-Financial Centers - North
had National Treasury…
Confederate Problems
-Foraging the land (having to live off the land; hunt, take from local citizens)
-Shortages - had no way of moving food and supplies!!!
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A War of Resources
…Who do you
think will win???
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War Politics
-War to Preserve Union****
At the beginning it is not to END slavery, esp. in the South
-civil rights were restricted
-habeas corpus suspended: your right to a quick and speedy trial; can’t be held against your will
-Emancipation Debated
Needed higher cause
-Emancipation Proclamation
Jan. 1, 1863
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Others in the War
-African Americans
Segregated Forces
54th Massachusetts: famous all black regiment known for their bravery at Fort Wagner
-Women
Nursing
Clara Barton: founded the Red Cross; Sanitation Commission in charge of prison and hospital sanitation
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Soldier’s Lives
-disillusionment of war
-filthy conditions
-poor food: HARDTACK; biscuit make of wheat flour
-bad medical care
-prison camps
Andersonville: most famous prison where thousands died from poor conditions; leaders tried for war crimes
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Andersonville
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The EndNote Page 21
“Behind the Civil War”
Chapter 9 / Sect 1