Behind the Civil War

Civil War

Song

Song

Song

Song

Behind the Civil War

War Begins

Modern War

Strategy-UnionStrate

gy-Confederacy

Advantages-Union

Advantages-Confederacy

Government Powers

Raising Armies

Supplying ArmiesWar P

oliticsOthers in the War

Soldier’s Lives

War Begins

• Election of 1860• Secession of lower states• Confederate States of America– Jefferson Davis first President

• Firing on Ft. Sumter• Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC,

and Tenn.• 11 States Leave Union

Modern War

• Uses both old and new methods of war

• Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations

• Railroads, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships, observation balloons

Strategy-Union

• Constrictor (Anaconda) Plan developed by Winfield Scott

• Divide the south through the Mississippi and control access to its ports

Strategy-Confederacy

• Defensive battle

• European recognition

Advantages-Union

• Most of the population

• Large advantages in resources

• Most of the transportation and industry

Advantages-Confederacy

• Defending their homes

• Strong sectional pride

• Better military tradition and leadership

Government Powers

• Both sides had to increase central government powers

• Raise an army• Supply armies• Finance the war• Suppress any opposition

Raising Armies

• Northern Advantage• Volunteers at first• Drafts begin– Riots– Bounties paid– Substitution possible

• Many volunteers

Supplying Armies

• Northern Advantages• Industrial Capacity• Transportation Capabilities• Financial Centers• Foraging the land• Shortages

War Politics

• War to Preserve Union• Civil rights were restricted• Emancipation Debated– Needed higher cuase

• Emancipation Proclamation– Jan 1, 1863

Others in the War

• African Americans– Segregated Forces– 54th Massachusetts

• Women– Nursing– Clara Barton

Soldier’s Lives

• Disillusionment of war• Filthy conditions• Poor food• Bad medical care• Prison camps– Andersonville

Civil War

Shots Fired

ShilohAnti

etamVicksburgCon

federate Victories

Gettysburg

South is Split

Sherman’s March

Grant in Pursuit

War’s End

Shots Fired

• War begins at Fort Sumter, S.C. 1861• Bull Run• July 1861• Southern Victory• Did not pursue the retreating Union

army• Citizens watched the battle

Shiloh

• April 1862

• Costly victory for Grant

• Demonstrated the cost of victory would be great

Antietam

• Sept, 1862

• Bloodiest single day of the war

• Union victory for McClellan

Vicksburg

• Nov. 1862

• Grant surrounds city on the Mississippi

• Try to split the south

Confederate Victories

• Confederates greatly outnumbered but Lee still wins

• Dec. 1862– Fredericksburg

• May 1863– Chancellorsville– Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson is killed

Gettysburg

• July 1863• Lee invades North• Little Round Top• Cemetery Ridge• Pickett’s Charge• Turning point of the war as Lee is

defeated• Gettysburg Address given by Lincoln

several months later

South is Split

• July 1863

• Grant captures Vicksburg after long siege

• Grant is called to command Union armies

Sherman’s March

• 1864• “March to the Sea”• Total War– “War is Hell”

• Burning of Atlanta• Destroy the will to fight

Grant in Pursuit

• 1864• Lee in retreat• Grant attacks repreatedly at great loss of

life• Lincoln wants speedy end to war

War’s End

• April 1865

• Grant surrounds Lee outside Richmond

• Surrender at Appomattox