US History Core 100, US History Core 100, Goal 2Goal 2

Expansion and Reform (1801-Expansion and Reform (1801-1850) - The learner will assess the 1850) - The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, competing forces of expansionism,

nationalism, and sectionalism. nationalism, and sectionalism.

Economic system Economic system proposed in 1824 by proposed in 1824 by Henry ClayHenry Clay

Parts of System:Parts of System:– Establish protective tariffEstablish protective tariff– Established national bankEstablished national bank– Improvement of country’s Improvement of country’s

infrastructureinfrastructure (roads, (roads, canals)canals)

18201820 Henry ClayHenry Clay (The (The

Great Compromiser)Great Compromiser) Missouri enters the Missouri enters the

Union as a slave Union as a slave state, Maine as a state, Maine as a free statefree state

Slavery is banned Slavery is banned north of the 36’30 north of the 36’30 lineline

Kept balance in Kept balance in SenateSenate

James Monroe passed on James Monroe passed on Dec. 2, 1823Dec. 2, 1823

Stated that no European Stated that no European power could colonize or power could colonize or interfere with the Western interfere with the Western HemisphereHemisphere– U.S. Dominance of Western U.S. Dominance of Western

HemisphereHemisphere– Europe, stay out!!!Europe, stay out!!!

Remains today; staple of Remains today; staple of U.S. Foreign PolicyU.S. Foreign Policy

American inventorAmerican inventor Cotton GinCotton Gin: removed the seeds : removed the seeds

from the cotton bail… increase from the cotton bail… increase in demand of cotton; increase in demand of cotton; increase in slave laborin slave labor

Interchangeable PartsInterchangeable Parts: pieces : pieces are designed with specification are designed with specification to ensure that they will fit with to ensure that they will fit with any device of the same typeany device of the same type– Quicker manufacturingQuicker manufacturing– All pieces are guaranteed to fit All pieces are guaranteed to fit

with otherswith others

System of giving System of giving government jobs government jobs based based on party supporton party support

Started with Started with Andrew Andrew JacksonJackson– Rewarded his Rewarded his

supporterssupporters with gov’t with gov’t jobsjobs

– Could lead to Could lead to incompetence in gov’tincompetence in gov’t

Overturned by the Overturned by the Pendleton Act in 1883Pendleton Act in 1883

Forced relocation of Forced relocation of Native Americans from Native Americans from the southeast to Indian the southeast to Indian TerritoryTerritory

18311831 B/c of the Indian B/c of the Indian

Removal Act and Removal Act and Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

Harsh Conditions: Harsh Conditions: – 1/3 died1/3 died– DiseaseDisease– StarvationStarvation

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson Forced removal Forced removal

of Native of Native Americans living Americans living in the South in the South eastern portion of eastern portion of the United States the United States to Indian Territory to Indian Territory (modern day (modern day Oklahoma)Oklahoma)

Mainly CherokeeMainly Cherokee

After the Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee After the Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee (in Georgia) refused to move(in Georgia) refused to move

Took their case to the Supreme Court in Took their case to the Supreme Court in 18321832

Supreme Court (Supreme Court (Chief Justice John Chief Justice John MarshallMarshall) ordered state officials to honor ) ordered state officials to honor Cherokee’s property rightsCherokee’s property rights

President Jackson ignored the Supreme CourtPresident Jackson ignored the Supreme Court– ““Mr. Marshall has made his decision, now let him Mr. Marshall has made his decision, now let him

enforce it!”enforce it!”

Congress continued to raise tariffsCongress continued to raise tariffs Hurt the south’s economy… SC threatened Hurt the south’s economy… SC threatened

to secedeto secede

John C. Calhoun anonymously wrote John C. Calhoun anonymously wrote South South Carolina Exposition and ProtestCarolina Exposition and Protest

Argued that the states had the right to Argued that the states had the right to nullify a fed. law or declare it invalidnullify a fed. law or declare it invalid

Andrew Jackson removed the Andrew Jackson removed the government’s deposits from the government’s deposits from the National Bank and placed them in National Bank and placed them in state banksstate banks

Spoils SystemSpoils System Killed the national bankKilled the national bank Caused the Panic of 1837Caused the Panic of 1837

The Last of the The Last of the MohicansMohicans

18261826 The Leather The Leather

Stocking TalesStocking Tales Writes about Writes about

West and U.S. West and U.S. adventuresadventures– Not about Great Not about Great

Britain = U.S. Britain = U.S. NationalismNationalism

Short stories:Short stories:– 2 major romances:2 major romances:

The Scarlett The Scarlett LetterLetter

The House of The House of Seven GablesSeven Gables

– Dark Romanticism: Dark Romanticism: guilt, sin, and evil guilt, sin, and evil are inherent are inherent qualities of peoplequalities of people

Textbook authorTextbook author Spelling reformerSpelling reformer ““Father of American Father of American

Scholarship and Scholarship and Education”Education”

Webster DictionaryWebster Dictionary American English (not American English (not

British)British)

Father of the American Father of the American Short StoryShort Story

Legend of Sleepy Legend of Sleepy HollowHollow

Rip Van WinkleRip Van Winkle

Civil DisobedienceCivil Disobedience– Resistance to civil Resistance to civil

gov’tgov’t– Encouraged Martin Encouraged Martin

Luther King, Jr. and Luther King, Jr. and GhandiGhandi

WaldenWalden– Simple living; naturalSimple living; natural

TranscendentalisTranscendentalismm

NatureNature

Democracy in Democracy in AmericaAmerica

Noticed uniquely Noticed uniquely American ideas:American ideas:– IndividualismIndividualism– CapitalismCapitalism

Wrote poems and Wrote poems and short storiesshort stories

““The Raven”The Raven” Tell-Tale HeartTell-Tale Heart

Prison reformPrison reform Mentally IllMentally Ill RehabilitationRehabilitation

18481848 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia

MottMott 11stst Women’s rights convention Women’s rights convention ““Declaration of Rights and Sentiments”Declaration of Rights and Sentiments”

– Based on the Declaration of IndependenceBased on the Declaration of Independence– ““All men and women are created equally…”All men and women are created equally…”

Charles Grandison FinneyCharles Grandison Finney Religious revivalReligious revival ““Fire and Brimstone”Fire and Brimstone” Salvation through faith; optimismSalvation through faith; optimism Part of U.S. culture through religionPart of U.S. culture through religion Started several reform movementsStarted several reform movements

– TemperanceTemperance– AbolitionistAbolitionist

Attempt to create perfect or ideal Attempt to create perfect or ideal societiessocieties

Robert OwensRobert Owens Examples:Examples:

– Brook FarmBrook Farm– OneidaOneida– New HarmonyNew Harmony

Education Education reformreform

Landscape Landscape painterspainters

Mid-1800sMid-1800s RomanticismRomanticism American ArtAmerican Art Glorified Glorified

American American LandscapeLandscape

CausesCauses CourseCourse ConsequencesConsequencesManifest DestinyManifest Destiny

James K. Polk James K. Polk

Annexation of TexasAnnexation of Texas

Dispute about Dispute about Texas’ border w/ Texas’ border w/ MexicoMexico

Testing ground for Testing ground for Civil War generalsCivil War generals

Bear Flag Republic Bear Flag Republic formed = Californiaformed = California

Treaty of Guadalupe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Feb 2, 1848)Hidalgo (Feb 2, 1848)

U.S. gets Mexican U.S. gets Mexican Cession for $15 Cession for $15 millionmillion

500,000 square miles 500,000 square miles

U.S. stretches from U.S. stretches from Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Atlantic Ocean to Pacific OceanOcean

Sectional conflict Sectional conflict intensifies b/c issue over intensifies b/c issue over whether new territory whether new territory should allow slavery or should allow slavery or notnot