US History 1865 to Present!By Heather Brown

Table of ContentsI. Reuniting the Nation (slide 3 through

15)II. Getting Down to Business (slide 16

through 21)III. A Nation Transformed (slide 22 through

26)IV. Progressive Era (slide 27 through 33)V. Spanish American War (slide 34

through 38) VI. The End (slide 39 through 40)

I. Reuniting The Nation

Reconstruction African Americans migrated from the north to

the south after Northerners won the civil war Black code was put into effect so that African

American’s weren’t treated fairly and couldn’t vote (KKK, pole taxes, literature tests, fines)

Carpetbagger’s took advantage of the Southern people because they were poor, and Northern military soldiers watched the Southerners while they were trying to put there land back together after the war

Happy Days Are Here Again! Congress was forced to decide who won

the presidential election, Tilden or Hayes.

John Hayes won the presidential election.

After he became president he made Northern troops withdraw from the South and Reconstruction ended!

Amendment Timeeee! The 13th amendment stated that slavery

was official illegal and it was no longer allowed

The 14th amendment stated that all people have equal and protected rights under the law

The 15th amendment stated that everyone had the right to vote, no matter the race, color, or servitude.

Lincoln, Lee, Douglas

Abe Lincoln was the 16th president of the United states. He abolished slavery after writing the Emancipation Proclamation. He was a great leader, but he was assassinated by John Wilks Booth.

Robert E. Lee was the confederate general of the Confederate Army, who helped the North win the war. They won because of his powerful battle strategies. He also tried to get the Southerners to join the Confederate Army.

Fredrick Douglas was a former slave with a powerful voice for peoples right and civil liberties. He was an abolistionist who helped slaves join the military and built a freed mens school. He was such a successful man because he fought for what he wanted.

Increased Population In The West People from the south migrated to the west

for reason such as new economic opportunities, freedom, improved transportation, opportunity to own land, and for the transcontinental railroad.

The land the the west a treeless wasteland, flat, and there was nothing there. Perfect for dry cropping, sharecropping, and trading.

The west was also known as the Great American Desert.

Settling The Western Frontier The American frontier was a prairie that was

located pretty much anywhere west of the Mississippi River.

All different kinds of stockholders came to live on the frontier (farmers, women, Mexicans, Us Military, Freedmen, etc.).

Buffalo Soldiers came to the Western Frontier to clear railroad tracks, and protect the land and military in the American (Western ) frontier.

Regions and Cities that relate to the West Southeast Southwest Midwest Pacific Rocky Mountain regions Santa Fe Salt Lake City San Antonio Seattle St. Louis Denver Chicago

Inventions The barbed wire was made to fence

cattle in so they wouldn’t run away. The steel plow made to dry farming sod houses beef cattle raising wheat farming windmills

Cattlemen VS Farmers In Oklahoma burglars would stand around the rim of

sections of land in Oklahoma and wait for someone to blow the budge. Then people would run, ride horses, or use wagons and rush to claim land.

Lincoln signed the Homested Act, that turned over public land to private domain (head of household, over 21, could claim up to 160 acres of land with a total fee of $18).

Cattlemen sold cattle for high prices to people in the east. But after the they put the railroad in beef prices went down.

Farmers put up barbed wire which upset the ranchers. And railroad prices were very high for the farmers.

Transcontinental Rail The union Pacific started in Omaha, Nebraska and

central Pacific started in Sacramento, California. The central and union Pacific met in the middle at Promontory Point, Utah and made the transcontinental railroad.

About 20,000 worker worked on the railroad (most were Chinese). The railroad took about four years to build.

Because of the building of the railroad, boom towns sprang up!

Native Americans were not happy about the Transcontinental Railroad at all.

Native American Warfare•Settlers stole the Natives horses, and kept moving the Indians off of their land. This made the Indians extremely mad.•The Indians used the every part of the buffalo for food, protection, and every day needs. But what made them mad was that landowners killed the buffalo for fun.•Crazy Bull and Sitting Horse killed Custer and all of his soldiers, because they were angry and disrespected.•The Indians leader, Geronimo, opposed to the westward expansion of the settlers.

Quiz Time!Q:What did the 14th amendment state?A: All people have equal and protected rights under the law.

Q:Who were the two Native Americans that killed Custer?A: Crazy Bull and Sitting Horse

II. Getting Down to Business

Industrial Revolution•During the revolution workers were usually immigrants, skilled and unskilled.•They moved natural resources such as iron ore, copper, lead, and forest material to eatern factories.During this time financial recources such as grants and tariffs were used to help businesses grow.Transportational networks like the steamboats, canals, and railroads were invented for easier and faster travel.

Important Men Thomas Edison was an inventor who found the

most uses for electricity, such as the light bulb, phonograph, and the talking motion picture.

Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone. The telephone used electricity to transmit human speech.

Henry Ford invented the assembly line. He designed the Model-T automobiles. The assembly line made making the cars fast and affordable.

Competition Among Businesses

A few of the main causes of growing businesses were lower product production cost, mass production, and wider availability of consumer goods.

Bad trusts were made to try to eliminate competition.

In1890 the Sherman Anti- Trust Act was passed. This act tried to keep trusts from ending competition.

Working Conditions During Industrialization The working conditions during

industrialization were dangerous and exhausting for people during this time.

Conditions like brutally long working hours, unsafe working conditions, sweatshops, child labor, and low wage caused harm and sometimes death to he working immigrants.

Strikes and Unions The two main labor unions were the Knights of

Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL). These labor unions included women, blacks, skilled and unskilled employees.

Terence Powderly was the leader of the Knights of Labor. Samuel Gompers was the leader of the AFL.

Many strikes went on at this point in history. The main strikes that took place were the Haymarket Strike, the Homestead Strike, and the Pullman Strike.

III. A Nation Transformed

Immigrants Coming to AmericaReasons- The immigrants came to America for the hope of a

better opportunity and for religious freedom. Also, for more adventure and to escape from oppressive governments.

Urban Growth- A things in America started changing the people started

moving north, this was called the Great Migration. After cities were built and different forms of

transportation were made people moved from rural to urban land.

Treatment of Immigrants Political machines are corrupted politicians who helped

immigrants to get housing/jobs in exchange for votes. The citizens went to the government to try to reduce

the amount of immigrants in America. In 1882 the US banned Chinese immigrants from coming

into America for ten years. This was called the Chinese Exclusion Act.

In 1908 Roosevelt made an agreement with Japan to not let and Japanese immigrants into the US. Any Japanese living in the US already were not to own a home. This was the gentlemen’s agreement with Japan.

City ReformersJacob Riis Jacob Riis was a historical photo journalist. He documented the

lives of the poor. Riis helped illustrate needs for slums, tenements, and ghetto

communities into his photo. After seeing these conditions that the poor went through Jacob

Riis wrote a book called How the Other Half Live. This book brought the average person into the shoes of a poor person.

Jane Addams Addams was a rich woman that, that worked diligently to

make changes in the city of Chicago by helping the poor. She built the Hull House which offered classes and activities to

help homeless people learn, so they can get a job.

What’s that you say? It’s a QUIZZZZ!Q: When was the Chinese Exclusion Act passed?A: In 1882

Q: What was the book How the Other Half Live about?A: It was about the bad living conditions poor people live in, such as tenements, slums, and the ghetto.

IV. Progressive Era

Causes of the Progressive Era1.Industrialization- Problems like unskilled workers, child labor, low wages, long working hours, and dirty business practices caused problems for the US, and was 1 of the main reasons for the Progressive Era.2.Immigration- Because of immigrants America was becoming over populated/crowded, prejudice, and discriminated against.3.Political- Spoils systems and political corruptions was one of the leading causes of the Progressive Era.

Teddy Roosevelt Teddy thought that the Panama Canal would be an easier way

to trade and travel. They built it from 1904 until 1914. And Teddy was correct, this made it easier to trade and travel.

The Big Stick Policy passed by Roosevelt stated that the US was to act as a policeman to the Caribbean. “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”

He was known as a trustbuster, that broke bad trusts to allow competition.

In1906, Roosevelt passed the Pure Food and Drug Act to make food and drugs safer for Americans.

The Meat Inspecting Act was passed by Teddy because of unsanitary working conditions. This act stated that all food had to be USDA approved.

Roosevelt went on a camping trip with John Muir and decided that our land needed to be conserved, so he made National Parks.

People of the Progressive Era John D Rockefeller was the inventor of standard oil. He was also a

millionaire philanthropist. Ida Tarbell was a muckraking newspaper journalist. She broke down

Rockefellers standard oil plan by telling what he was really doing. WEB Dubois was the inventor of the NAACP, and fought for equal rights.

He worked hard to investigate the wrong treatment of African Americans.

Upton Sinclair created a novel called “The Jungle” that told the dirty secrets of food factories.

Thomas Nast was a political cartoonist that told the people that “Boss” Tweed was a sleazy criminal.

William “Boss” Tweed was the political boss of New York. He was a corrupted crook that took 1/3 of what was given by the city.

Robert Lafollette was the senator and the governor of Wisconsin. He fought for political corruption.

John Muir was an environmentalist that studied plant life, and helped Roosevelt make the decisions of National Parks.

African Americans In the south Jim Crow Laws were enforced by whites

onto African Americans, making it nearly impossible for them to vote. White groups(such as the KKK) stood in front of voting polls and gave African Americans unfair literature tests, made them pay poll taxes and threatened them because they didn’t want them to vote.

In the case of Plessy VS. Ferguson it was stated that separate but equal was okay. African Americans were not allowed to used the same bathrooms, entrances, or fountains as white people.

African Americans weren’t considered citizens until the year of 1924.

Women’s Movement Jane Addams established a settlement house

called the Hull House for immigrants and women in slum neighborhoods.

Carry Nation was a strong woman who fought against the use of alcohol and started the temperance movement.

Woman’s suffrage was the right to vote. This was the main idea of the 19th amendment and increased educational opportunities of women.

More Amendments! 16th- Income tax 17th- Election of Senator by the voters 18th- No alcohol (manufactured or sales) 19th- Women could vote!!!

(Elizabeth Cady Stanton workedfor women’s suffrage)

V. Spanish American War

Reasons for War The war started because we wanted natural

resources from everyone. Sugar cane and pineapple from Alaska. Oil, timber, gold, copper, and fur from Alaska. And sugar cane from Cuba.

The biggest reason for the war was the sinking of the USS Maine by the Spanish.

Americans wanted more economic diversity. We wanted to own more refueling stations, and

make more trade routes. Basically we wanted to feel powerful and like we

had more than everyone else.

Spanish American War During the Spanish American War McKinley was the

president. On February 15,1898 the Spanish blew up the USS

Maine . On April 20, 1898 McKinley declared war against Spain. The Battle of Manila Bay was the first major battle of the

war. This battle took place in the Philippians. The Battle of San Juan Hill was the second major battle of

the Spanish American War. This battle took place in Cuba and the Buffalo Soldiers mostly fought by Buffalo Soldiers.

On August 12, 1898 Spain signed a truce that ended the war. After the war America owned Puerto Rico, Guam- Philippians, Cuba, and the Wake Islands.

Results of the Spanish American War After the war Cuba gained there independence

after we made them wait for a long time. Spanish possessions were given to America as

a reward for there win: Guam- Philippians, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Wake Islands.

After winning our first war out of our own country the US emerged as a world power.

Emilio Aguinaldo led a revolt for the Philippians to be free from America, and eventually we gave them freedom in1947.

Quiz!Q:What were the four pieces of land that we gained after the Spanish American War?A: Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Wake Islands.

Q: What was the name of the ship sunk by the Spanish, that caused the war?A: The USS Maine.

WW1

Vocabulary Nationalism-loyalty and devotion to a country Militarism- a policy of aggressive military preparedness Alliance- bond between two countries Assassination- to murder a prominent person by sudden

or secret attack Treaty-agreement or negotiation made by countries Armistice- agreement between opponents Conflict- prolonged fighting Telegram- message by telegraph Zeppelin- an airship filled with gas; blimp Invasion- entrance of an army into a country for a

conquest Hemisphere- half the earth Rebellion- uprising against the government

Reasons for Involvement in WW1 Assassination of Archduke Franz

Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. Britain set up blockade on Germany Allies with Great Britain Zimmerman Telegram Sinking of the Lusitania off the coast of

Ireland

Weapons & On the Homefront Trench Warfare U-Boats and zeppelins Bi-planes and tanks Poison gas Gas masks Machine guns

Supporting the War Effort Meatless Tuesdays No wheat on Mondays and Tuesdays Military draft for the war- because soldiers

were dying because of the spread of flu) Liberty bonds were purchased- low

interest loans to the government, sold by boy scouts

Collected tin cans, paper, toothpaste tubes, and apricot pits

American Expeditionary Force Led by John Pershing Two million men were sent to fight in the

war. They used the ‘convoy’ system to get

supplies from Britain. Armistice Day ( Veterans Day )

Treaty of Versailles Germans were blamed for the war The treaty put limits on German military Germany was forced to give reparation

payments. Formation of Czechoslovakia and

Yugoslavia Formation of the Soviet Union

US Role in World Affairs The US returned to isolationism after

there involvement in WW1. Involvement in world markets League Of Nations was REJECTED,

because it would have required US to guarantee freedom of all other nations.

1920’s

Vocabulary Speakeasies- illegal bar people went to during

Prohibition Bootleggers- people who made there own illegal liquor Moonshine- illegal liquor Flapper- woman who defined the moral of earlier

generations (lipstick, bobbed hair) Bob- a type of short hairdo that young women in the

1920’s considered fashionable Repeal- change an amendment; take it back Red scare- fear of communism Jive- slang talk of the 1920’s Prohibition- alcohol wasn’t allowed to be made,

transported, or sold

Inventions and Electrification in the 1920’s Henry Ford- mass production, automobile Vacuum Toaster Sewing machine Fridge Family car Telephone washer

Entertainment• Pole sitting• Jazz• Movies• Crossword puzzles

Amendments!!!!! 18th Amendment- no alcohol! (sell, buy, or

make) Prohibition was established. Speakeasies were created after this amendment went into effect.

19th Amendment- African American men got the right to vote, and legislation was passed.

21st Amendment- stopped the Prohibition Era!

People of the 1920’s Georgia O’Keefe- famous painter Louis Armstrong- African American jazz musician (trumpet) Langston Hughes- African American poet (race and pride) Henry Ford- invented automobiles and the assembly line The Wright Brothers- built fighters and made the first

airplane with a human on it Jacob Lawrence- African American painter Aaron Copland- jazz composer Duke Ellington- African American songwriter, musician, and

actor Bessie Smith- African American singer and dancer F Scott Fitzgerald- book and movie script writer Calvin Coolidge- President during the 1920’s George Gershwin- jazz composer

Great Depression

Vocabulary Depression- severe economic turn down Overproduction- when the supply of manufactured goods

exceeds the demands Bankruptcy- financial failure caused by a company or a

persons inability to pay their debt Default- fail to repay loans Bear Market- period of decreased stock trading and

falling stock prices Bull Market- period of increased stock trading and rising

stock prices Migrant- people who move from one region to another in

search of work

Causes of the Great Depression BLACK TUESDAY- October 29, 1929 (stock market crashed) Stockbrokers lost everything 55,000 banks closed Loans hurt the banks “Hoovervilles” High taxes Over speculation on stocks and credit People bought on credit Corrupt politicians Hoover wasn’t helping anyone Dust Bowl in the West

Coping with the Great Depression People would cope by singing and dancing

to happy songs. Movies were a good way for people to get

there minds off of what was going on around them.

Radios were about the biggest form of entertainment.

People also played sports and read books.

Natural DisastersDuring the Great Depression,

natural disasters hit and made everything worse for them. (floods, windstorms, and droughts till the 1930’s)

WWII

Reasons for WWII Germany was still upset about WW1 US wanted more land Japan needed more resources Munich Conference (Hitler said if he got

Finland he would stop, but wanted more territory afterwards)

Germany then invaded Poland Soviet Union invades Poland and the Baltic

States

DictatorsItaly- Benito MussoliniJapan- Hideki TojoGermany- Adolf HitlerRussia-Joseph Stalin

Pearl Harbor Japanese attack on Pearl

Harbor “A date which will live in

infamy.” –FDR USS Arizona- memorial Pacifists- believe war was

an immoral way to solve a dispute

Isolationist- one who believes the US should stay out of other nations affairs

Allied and Axis PowersAllied Powers• France• Great Britain• Soviet Union• United States• Canada

Axis Powers• Germany• Italy• Japan

The War at Home Rationing- cars, tires, meat, and sugar were

scarce. Rationing was the limiting of amount of these items purchased. It ended in 1945.

Victory Gardens- grew things to send to the troops

Blackouts- US put black fabric over windows so that enemies couldn’t tell where they were when flying over an area

V-mail- Families wrote short letters to soldiers, mailmen put letters on microfilm, and delivered to battlefield, and printed there

Battles Battle of Britain- In 1940 Germany tried to overtake

London, but the British didn’t surrender. Evacuation of Dunkirk- 340,000 Belgium, British, and

French troops evacuated Dunkirk, Germany in 1940, by boat.

Battle of Stalingrad- In September 1942, Stalingrad, Germany was invaded because it was an important industrial city. Germans begged Hitler to let them retreat, but Hitler refused. Soon after, Germany invaded Normandy, France.

Operation Overlord (D-Day)- The largest seaboard invasion (500 ships, 130,000 soldiers) took place on June 6, 1944 involving the US, Britain, and Canada.

V-E Day- victory of Europe, May 8, 1945

War in the Pacific General Douglas MacArthur- US leader in

the Pacific Theatre. He said “I shall return!” Comokozi- suicide pilots (terrorists), killed

people knowing they were going to die themselves and felt like it was the biggest honor to there country.

The turning point in the war was at the Battle of Midway (refueling station), when the US destroyed 4-6 Japanese aircrafts

Atomic Bombs on Japan Hiroshima, Japan- On August 6,

1945 a B59 bomber dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima which killed 70,000 Japanese people. But still Japan refused to give up.

Nagasaki, Japan- On August 9, 1945 the US dropped a 2nd bomb on Nagasaki which killed another 40,000 people. On August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered.

US Involvement in WWII (overview) 1939- Germany invaded Poland, war

began December 7, 1941- Bombing of Pearl

Harbor June 6, 1944- D-Day May 8, 1945- VE Day September 12, 1945- War ends with VJ

Day

The Holocaust Holocaust- attempt to rid Europe of

all Jews Anti-Semitism- Hitler enforced

prejudice on Jews (hating Jews) Aryan Supremacy- blue eyed- blonde

hair people were the “supreme” race according to Hitler

Auschwitz, Poland- the largest concentration camp was located there and about 1 million Jews were murdered there

Genocide- a massive wipe out of a certain group of people

During the Holocaust People boycotted and destroyed Jewish

stores Jewish people had there lives threatened Segregation against Jews Imprisonment and killing of Jews in

concentration camps Forced labor (worked in concentration

camps-others were slaughtered)

Cold War

After WWII Labor unions became more powerful Women changed roles in the work force Marshall Plan- $13 Billion for nations not to fall to

communism Truman Doctrine- US promised to help nations that might

possibly fall to communism Domino Theory- if one country becomes communists, the

surrounding countries will too Berlin Blockade- Soviet Union cut off supplies to West Berlin Berlin Airlift- (11 months) US supplied Berlin Division of Berlin- divided into 4 sections (separated by

nations)

US and USSR Democratic Individual ownership Free expression Capitalist NATO Doctorial

government State ownership State censorship Communists Warsaw Pact

US USSR

Cold WarSoviets wanted to dominate Europe

War of Worlds/ Arms and Space Race

Korean War 1950-1953 Invasion of South Korea by North Korea Chinese support of the North Koreans Creation of demilitarized zones Continued division of North and South

Korea along the 38th parallel Stalemate- ties, no one wins

Vietnam War 1954-1964 Green Berets- almost like navy seals, special

forces sent over to help South Vietnam Military Aid- sent aid beginning in 1954 Gulf of Tolkien resolution- USND Maddox attacked

by Vietnamese in the Gulf of Tolkien Search and destroy missions- bombed people Gorilla warfare- type of surprise attack used by

Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh Trail- supply trail

Civil Rights Movement

Desegregation of the Military Harry S Truman tried making lynching illegal,

but the law didn’t pass, and he committed himself to Civil Rights. Eventually, he desegregated the military.

All races fought together during the Korean War

Booker T Washington believed that African Americans should learn the trade.

W.E.B. Dubois believed that they should get a real education.

Lyndon B Johnson President during Civil Rights Movement (1963-

1968) Passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965

(outlawed poll taxes and literacy tests) Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (outlawed

Jim Crow Laws and overturned Plessy VS Fergusson)

WEB Dubois- NAACP (education for all) Booker T Washington- Tuskegee intuition

(vocation for all)

People of the Civil Rights Movement Rosa Parks- African American women that got arrested after she

refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white man. Martin Luther King Jr supported her and led the Montgomery Bus Boycott after her arrest.

Thurgood Marshall- lawyer that defended (and won) the Brown VS Board of Education trial.

James Farmer- he was the leader of CORE. He was told the Freedom Riders needed a “cooling off period” and he responded by saying if they “cooled down” any longer they’d be in a deep freeze.

Malcolm X- He was assassinated at a rally, and didn’t agree with Martin Luther's nonviolent methods.

Stokely Carmichael- Thought blacks should create their own culture and political institution, and led the “Black Power” movement.

Civil Rights Events Harlem Riot (NY)- 1964 Watts Riots (LA)- 1965 March on Washington- 1963 Detroit, MI and Newark, NJ Riots- 1967 Selma- 1965 Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr-

1968

FADS!

1900-1910 Bikes Kites Crayola Crayons Gibson Girls Bonnets Waltz dance Henry Ford Peter Rabbit Iced tea Jell-o

Dusters Oklahoma Admitted Washington Movement Brooklyn Bridge (NY) Teddy Bear Baseball World Series Work Days (10-12

hours) Assembly line

1910-1920 Father’s Day Panama Canal WWI Tinker Toys Prohibition Woodrow Wilson Moon Pies Bobbed hair Ouija boards Toasters Lifesavers

Oreos Skirts above the ankles World Wide Flu Weekends Baseball Cards Air conditioning Waterskiing Parachute Jumping Charlie Chaplin Ford Farm Tractors Radio Flyer Wagon

1920-1930 Steamboat Willie (Mickey

Mouse) Milk Duds Model T Tommy Gun Winnie the Pooh Radio Raccoon coats Pez Yo-yo Jazz Miss America PB&J

Dance Marathons Flag pole sitting Pogo sticks Flappers Prohibition Lincoln Logs Speakeasies Harry Houdini Crosswords Al Capone Conk hairdo Wonder Bread

1930-1940 Betty Boop Pan-American Airline Zippers Snow White Hoover Dam Hopscotch NBA Drive-In theatre Candy Land Stoop ball Gambling

Stamp Collecting Scrabble Stickball Zoot Suits Johnny on a Pony Hollywood Monopoly Red Ryder BB Gun Hood ornament

1940-1950 Suburbs Jitterbug Curly hair Pea shooter WWII Frozen dinners Slinky Bambi “Teenagers” Kilroy

Silly Putty 17 Magazine Minimum wage $.43 Howdy Doody Tupperware Aluminum foil “Rosie the Riveter” Christian Dior Bette Davis

1950-1960 Hula hoop Car hop (drive in

dinners) Mr. Potato Head I love Lucy Poodle Skirt 3D movies Coonskin cap Boomerang TV Barbie

Frisbee Cat-Eye Glasses Elvis Spud gun Letter Sweater Sideburns Ant Farms Telephone Booth Stuffing DA Haircut ‘57 Chevy

1960-1970 Tie dye Mood rings Afros Slot cars Man on the Moon Surfing Sea Monkeys Granny glasses Love beads Troll dolls Super balls Woodstock Turtlenecks

Platform shoes Lava lamps The Twist Vietnam Flower power Smiley faces Hippies Go-Go boots Bellbottoms Bouffant hairdo Hair ironing Fallout shelter

1970-1980 Shag carpet Trans Am Wizzers Disco Bee Gees Star Wars Pong Jogging suits Blow-dryers Daisy dukes

Pet rock Leisure suits Village people Hair Smells String Art Glass eating 8 track tape Saturday Night Fever Boots are Made for

Walking Dashboard Hula Girls

Project by Heather Brown <3

Special Thanks to Mrs. Gibbons for being such a great teacher. Thank you!!!