U.S. Customs and Border U.S. Customs and Border ProtectionProtection

Customs-Trade Customs-Trade Partnership Against Partnership Against

TerrorismTerrorism

Manila, PhilippinesManila, PhilippinesMay 13, 2008May 13, 2008

1st National Conference on SAFE Trade and AEO1st National Conference on SAFE Trade and AEO

CBP’s Mission….CBP’s Mission….

Preventing the entry of Preventing the entry of terrorists and their terrorists and their

weapons while facilitating weapons while facilitating legitimate trade and travellegitimate trade and travel

Advance electronic information analysis and targeting of high risk Advance electronic information analysis and targeting of high risk shipments.shipments.

The 24-Hour Rule and the National Targeting Center (NTC)The 24-Hour Rule and the National Targeting Center (NTC)

Using advanced inspection technologies.Using advanced inspection technologies.Non-intrusive Inspection Technologies (NII)Non-intrusive Inspection Technologies (NII)

Pre-screening high-risk shipments prior to arrival in the U.S. Pre-screening high-risk shipments prior to arrival in the U.S. Container Security Initiative (CSI)Container Security Initiative (CSI)Secure Freight Initiative / 100% ScanningSecure Freight Initiative / 100% Scanning

Partnering with the trade community to increase supply chain Partnering with the trade community to increase supply chain security.security.

Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT)Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT)

Layered Enforcement StrategyLayered Enforcement Strategy

SUPPLY CHAIN ROAD MAPSUPPLY CHAIN ROAD MAP

Traditional Import

Intervention

Shift in Shift in Supply Chain SecuritySupply Chain Security

Single Point intervention by Customs at import location.

From Traditional “Single Point” to “End-to-End”

Expanding to Transit Port Intervention

Shift in Shift in Supply Chain SecuritySupply Chain Security

Adding intervention at transit port - CSI type measures.

From Traditional “Single Point” to “End-to-End”

Shift in Shift in Supply Chain SecuritySupply Chain Security

Securing Full Transport Legs

Securing the full maritime portion - ISPS type measures.

From Traditional “Single Point” to “End-to-End”

Shift in Shift in Supply Chain SecuritySupply Chain Security

End-to-End Supply Chain Security Solution

Securing the entire supply chain from end-to-end – C-TPAT type measures.

From Traditional “Single Point” to “End-to-End”

C-TPATC-TPAT

C-TPAT is the largest government-private sector partnership to emerge from the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.

C-TPAT was launched in November 2001 with seven major importers who also saw the need for the focus on supply chain security.

The guiding principles for C-TPAT have been enhanced supply chain security, partnership, and a voluntary program.

Who is Eligible to Participate?Who is Eligible to Participate?

U.S. Importers of Record

U.S. / Canada / Mexico Highway Carriers

Air, Rail, Sea Carriers

U.S. Marine Port Authority/Terminal Operators

U.S. Air Freight Consolidators

Ocean Transportation Intermediaries and Non-Vessel Operating Common Carriers (NVOCC)

Mexican and Canadian Manufacturers

Certain Invited Foreign Manufacturers

Licensed U.S. Customs Brokers

C-TPAT Security Criteria (Importers)C-TPAT Security Criteria (Importers)

Business Partner Requirements

Documentation that they are a C-TPAT member. Non-C-TPAT member, written or electronic confirmation meeting C-TPAT security criteria.

Container Security

Written sealing procedures (PAS ISO 17712 seal).Seven-point inspection of container prior to loading / upon receipt. Container Storage - secure locations, preventing unauthorized entry into container or storage area.

Physical Access Controls

Visitor procedures (including deliveries and mail) – Logbooks, visitor badges, escorted access.Employment Procedures – Identification system.

C-TPAT Security Criteria (Importers)C-TPAT Security Criteria (Importers)

Personnel Security

Procedures must be in place to screen prospective employees and to periodically check current personnel (Background, employment history).Personnel termination procedures must be in place to remove access.

Procedural Security

Document processing – accurate, complete & safeguarded.Manifesting procedures – accurate and timely.

Security Training and Awareness

A threat and security awareness program should be established for all employees.

Employees must be made aware of the procedures the company has in place to address a situation and how to report it.

C-TPAT Security Criteria (Importers)C-TPAT Security Criteria (Importers)

Physical Security

Cargo handling and storage facilities must have physical barriers that guard against unauthorized access.

Information Technology Security

Anti-virus software/ Firewalls.

IT security policies, procedures and standards must be in place and provided to employees in the form of training.

An Explanation of C-TPAT TiersAn Explanation of C-TPAT Tiers

ApplicantA company that has submitted their security profile and signed their agreement (online).

Tier 1

A company that has completed their online application, the company has been vetted, the profile has been reviewed along with the company’s importation history and approved by the SCSS. This company is now a C-TPAT member.

Tier 2

A certified company that has undergone their validation and has met minimum security criteria.

Tier 3

A certified company that has been validated and has exceeded minimum security criteria.

ValidationsValidationsThe purpose of the validation is to ensure that the C-TPAT participant’s international supply chain security measures that are contained in their security profile have been implemented and these measures are in accordance with established C-TPAT security criteria or guidelines.

The validation is an opportunity to develop a strong working relationship between CBP and C-TPAT member.

Foreign manufacturers/companies are encouraged to develop strong relationships with their government agencies.

Allows for CBP and C-TPAT partners to jointly discuss security related issues and share best practices.

A forum to review security related issues.Identify supply chain security vulnerabilities & weakness.

Provide feedback on immediate actions required or recommendations to address security issues.

Benefits Assigned to Tier LevelsBenefits Assigned to Tier Levels

ApplicantApplicants do not receive any benefits.

Tier 1Receives a minimal reduction in CBP examinations.

Front of the line treatment.

Assigned a Supply Chain Security Specialist (SCSS).

Invitation to attend the supply chain security conferences hosted by C-TPAT.

Tier 2Receives same as Tier 1 and in addition, a significant reduction in examinations.

This tier status is one of the variables factored into post-incident contingency planning should a terrorist act impact international supply chains.

Tier 3Members have around 6 to 7 times less inspections than non-C-TPAT members.

C-TPAT Achievements C-TPAT Achievements May 1, 2008May 1, 2008

8,363 Certified Partners

7 Field Offices – 200 Supply Chain Security SpecialistsBuffalo, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Newark, New York, Washington, DC.

7,632 Total Validations Completed6,729 Initial Validations 903 Re-Validations

533 Total Suspensions/Removals 259 Highway Carriers

Security Criteria ImplementedImporters, Sea Carriers, Highway Carriers. Rail Carriers, Foreign Manufacturers, Customs Brokers, Mexico Long Haul Highway Carrier, Port Authorities/Terminal Operators, Air Carriers. (Under Development: Consolidators).

Tier III Importers - 256

Recognizes the critical role of CBP in securing our nation’s border against terrorism by securing the supply chain and facilitating legitimate trade.

Safe Port ActSafe Port Act

SAFE Port Act Requires CBP:

Certify new applicants within 90 days.

Validate all partners within one year of certification.

Revalidations not less than once every four year.

Third party validation pilot program.

Supply Chain InfluencesSupply Chain Influences

WeatherWeather AccidentsAccidents

SabotageSabotage OthersOthers

EveryEvery Company is at Risk Company is at RiskAccounting IrregularitiesMergers and AcquisitionsClass Action LawsuitPolitical UnrestNatural DisastersCivil DisordersFireBomb ThreatSuspicious PackagesMissing Person, KidnappingLoss of Utilities

Water, Electricity, Natural GasHazardous Materials ReleaseTransportation AccidentProduct Tampering or RecallPandemic OutbreakTerrorist AttackNew Government Regulations

BankruptcyWorkplace ViolenceLabor StoppageChemical – Biological – Radiological – Nuclear – ExplosiveContamination of Food / WaterStructural CollapseSupply Chain Interruption

Main EntitiesMain Entities

Shipper/Consignor: An entity (individual/firm) that sends freight.

Consignee: An entity that receives the freight.

Shipment is transacted between consignor and consignee.

Carrier: Transports the shipment.

CarrierCarrier

Transportation provider.

Has the responsibility of transporting the shipment.

Typically owns and operates transportation equipment (airplanes, ships, trains, trucks, etc.).

Common Carrier

Serve all customers.

Without discrimination.

Charge reasonable rates.

Deliver shipments in stated time, is liable for damage.

Carrier TypesCarrier Types

Private Carrier

Owns and manages its own transportation service.

Are not regulated.

Can provide service to other corporations.

Contract Carrier

Provides service to specific customers based on negotiated rates.

Tailor service to meet the needs of each specific customer.

Rates are not public.

Entry to the industry is regulated.

But not required to serve all shippers.

Transportation ComparisonTransportation Comparison

RailRailMass movement of goods.

Accessibility is a problem.

Cheaper, more efficient than trucks.

High fixed costs, low variable costs.

RoadwaysRoadwaysGreatest accessibility.

Less capacity than rail.

lower initial investment, but more expensive operation.

WaterWaterMass movement of goods.

Excellent for long-haul transportation of low-cost commodities.

Very high capacity.

Cheaper operation that rail and roadways.

AirAirFast

Expensive

Reliable (freight is less prone to damage)

Trucking TermsTrucking Terms

Truck Load/Full Truck Load (TL/FTL)TL Carriers: Shipper must contract entire truck.

Simpler to manage.

Less expensive per unit mile.

Less than Truckload (LTL) LTL Carriers: Shipper can contract the carrier for freight that will not require entire truck.

More complicated.

More expensive per unit mile.

Intermodal TransportationIntermodal Transportation

Using a container that can be transferred from the vehicle of one mode to the vehicle of another; and with the movement covered under a single bill of lading.

ContainerContainer

Single, rigid, sealed, re-useable metal box of standardized dimensions.

Merchandise is packed in container and containers are shipped via trucks, rail, ships.

Usually 8 ft in width and height, can be 20 ft or more in length.

TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit)

FEU (Forty-foot Equivalent Unit)

TerminalTerminal

Transportation facility with one or more functions:Access (point where freight enters and leaves the transportation system)

Freight consolidation/distribution

Mode transfer

Vehicle transfer

Storage and warehousing

Fleet maintenance

Freight ForwarderFreight Forwarder

An agency that receives freight from a shipper and then arranges transportation with one or more carriers. Often performs other tasks:

Consolidation

Pickup/delivery

Freight handling, documentation, clearances.

Nonvessel-Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC)Nonvessel-Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC)

Owns no vessels (ships).Provides ocean shipping freight-forwarding service.

Provides consolidated, negotiated-rate services for ocean and inland water carriers.

May affiliate with freight-forwarders to provide pickup/delivery and other services.

Third Party Logistics Provider (3PL)Third Party Logistics Provider (3PL)

Firm to which logistics services are outsourced.Typically handles many of the following tasks:

Procurement

Order management

Inventory/warehousing

Transportation

ConsolidationConsolidation

Bringing together small shipments, often from different shippers.

Take advantage of economies of scale.

In-Vehicle: Perform pickups from many shippers and consolidate into larger shipments.

Out-of-Vehicle: Occurs at terminals; shipments to a single customer are consolidated before shipping.

POTENTIALPOTENTIALIMPACTIMPACT

PROBABILITY / LIKELIHOODPROBABILITY / LIKELIHOOD

NUCLEARNUCLEARWEAPONWEAPON

IMPROVISEDIMPROVISEDNUCLEARNUCLEAR

DEVICEDEVICE

RADIOACTIVERADIOACTIVEMATERIALMATERIAL

CHEMICAL AGENTCHEMICAL AGENTOR TOXICOR TOXIC

INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIALCHEMICALCHEMICAL

BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICALAGENTAGENT

Threats - Impact vs. ProbabilityThreats - Impact vs. Probability

Know Your Business Partners!Know Your Business Partners!

The goal of mutual recognition is to link the various international industry partnership programs, so that together they create a unified and sustainable security posture that can assist in securing and facilitating global cargo trade.

The principle behind aligning partnership programs is to create a system whereby all participants in an international trade transaction are approved by Customs as observing specified standards in the secure handling of goods and relevant information.

C-TPAT & Mutual RecognitionC-TPAT & Mutual Recognition

The signing of a mutual recognition arrangement is the procedure that enables information sharing activities to occur in accordance with the terms of the Customs Mutual Assistance Agreement (CMAA), and each participant’s domestic law and policy.

Mutual recognition is not “automatic.” A business must be in good standing with both Customs administrations.

Mutual recognition can only occur to the extent permitted by law, regulation, or ruling, and is subject to national security considerations.

C-TPAT & Mutual RecognitionC-TPAT & Mutual Recognition

C-TPAT & Mutual RecognitionC-TPAT & Mutual RecognitionThe Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) mutual recognition process involves four (4) phases:

A side-by-side comparison of the program requirements. This is designed to determine if the programs align on basic principles.

A pilot program of joint validation visits. This is designed to determine if the programs align in basic practice.

The signing of a mutual recognition arrangement.

The development of mutual recognition operational procedures, primarily those associated with information sharing.

New Zealand – Secure Export SchemeJune 29, 2007 - Mutual Recognition Arrangement Signed

Canada – Partners in ProtectionArrangement Completed – Signing Pending

Jordan – Golden ListArrangement Completed – Signing Pending

C-TPAT & Mutual RecognitionC-TPAT & Mutual Recognition

Japan – Authorized Economic Operator

Side-by-Side Comparison – Under Development

Singapore – Secure Trade Partnership

Side-by-Side Comparison – Under Development

Australia – Authorized Economic Operator

Pending Operational Status

Mexico – Alliance for Secure Commerce

Under Development

C-TPAT & Mutual RecognitionC-TPAT & Mutual Recognition

European Union – Authorized Economic OperatorDevelopment – 2007

Side-by-Side Comparison - Completed

Joint Visitation Pilot - Completed

Implementation – January 2008European Commission is responsible for the implementation of the AEO program in the 27 Member States.

Operational – January 2009Mutual Recognition – To Be Determined

C-TPAT & Mutual RecognitionC-TPAT & Mutual Recognition

C-TPAT& AEO

C-TPATbut No AEO

No C-TPAT but AEO

No C-TPAT & No AEO

Business security practices are known to both CBP and foreign program.

Business security practices are known to CBP, but unknown to foreign program.

Business security practices are unknown to CBP, but known to foreign program.

Business security practices are unknown to both CBP and foreign program.

RISKRISK

LOW

HIGH

EXPLANATIONS

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) - Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT)

Authorized Economic Operator (AEO)

Mutual Recognition Security ModelMutual Recognition Security Model

ReviewReview

There are numerous ways that a supply chain can be interrupted.

The goal of government-business partnership programs is to institutionalize identifiable security procedures to protect the global trade supply chain.

Mutual Recognition involves the alignment of security requirements of different international programs.

Questions?Questions?

Customs-Trade Partnership Against TerrorismCustoms-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism