urbanization in the brazilian hinterland’s ‘forgotten century’ — growth patterns in...
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URBANISATION IN THE BRAZILIAN HIGHLAND’S ‘FORGOTTEN CENTURY’: !GROWTH PATTERNS IN PLANALTINAPedro Paulo Palazzo Assistant Professor Laboratório de Estudos da Urbe — LabeUrbe University of Brasilia School of Architecture [email protected]
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THE FORGOTTEN CENTURYEconomic and demographic stagnation in mining regions, c. 1780–1880 !New agricultural settlements in Goiás known from c. 1845 onwards
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• Ridge-top towns • Streets as roads • Monuments on prominent
topographical situation !
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• Ouro Preto (inhabited 1697, incorporated 1711)
CANONICAL MODEL OF PORTUGUESE-BRAZILIAN URBANISM
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• Urbanisation around river valleys • Narrow and deep lots
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• Goiás, incorporated 1727
CANONICAL MODEL OF PORTUGUESE-BRAZILIAN URBANISM
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• Attached houses, no setbacks • One-story or two-story colonial
types (“casa de meia morada”) !
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• Goiás, incorporated 1727
CANONICAL MODEL OF PORTUGUESE-BRAZILIAN URBANISM
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CANONICAL MODEL OF PORTUGUESE-BRAZILIAN URBANISM• Even planned towns with regular
street grids follow similar patterns !
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• Mariana, incorporated 1712
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Location of Goiás state and Planaltina
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Highways through Goiás, 1736–1938 Redrawn after a map by Ana Laterza
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Saint Sebastian Chapel Built 1811, enlarged 1880, renovated 1911
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SITE• Not on a major ridge, but near
swampy stream • Away from main road • But critical passage • Chapel built mid-slope, not
prominent location • Urban growth away from church
and stream, not around them
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PUBLIC SPACE• First main street follows
secondary ridge, other streets roughly parallel to contour lines
• Urban growth away from church
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PUBLIC SPACE• First main street follows
secondary ridge, other streets roughly parallel to contour lines
• Urban growth away from church • Goiás Avenue: around 1880–1895,
parallel to first and aligned with a stream ford
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PUBLIC SPACE• First main street follows
secondary ridge, other streets roughly parallel to contour lines
• Urban growth away from church • Goiás Avenue: around 1880–1895,
parallel to first and aligned with a stream ford
• Cemetery 1893
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PUBLIC SPACE• First main street follows
secondary ridge, other streets roughly parallel to contour lines
• Urban growth away from church • Goiás Avenue: around 1880–1895,
parallel to first and aligned with a stream ford
• Cemetery 1893 • Major urban expansion 1921
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PUBLIC SPACE• First main street follows
secondary ridge, other streets roughly parallel to contour lines
• Urban growth away from church • Goiás Avenue: around 1880–1895,
parallel to first and aligned with a stream ford
• Cemetery 1893 • Major urban expansion 1921 • Public Buildings 1929–1942
Town Hall
School Town Council
Parish Church
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PUBLIC SPACE• First main street follows
secondary ridge, other streets roughly parallel to contour lines
• Urban growth away from church • Goiás Avenue: around 1880–1895,
parallel to first and aligned with a stream ford
• Cemetery 1893 • Major urban expansion 1921 • Public Buildings 1929–1942 • Road to south-east 1938
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PUBLIC SPACE• First main street follows
secondary ridge, other streets roughly parallel to contour lines
• Urban growth away from church • Goiás Avenue: around 1880–1895,
parallel to first and aligned with a stream ford
• Cemetery 1893 • Major urban expansion 1921 • Public Buildings 1929–1942 • Road to south-east 1938 • Regular subdivision
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Treze de Maio Street looking west, 2012
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Praça da República (now Salviano Monteiro Square), c. 1935 Author unknown, Federal District Public Archive
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Goiás Avenue, c. 1945 Author unknown, holdings of the Federal District Culture Department
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Salvador Coelho Avenue looking north, c. 1925–1965 Author unknown, holdings of the Federal District Culture Department
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PARCELLING• Income for church holdings
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PARCELLING• Income for church holdings • First stage: wide, shallow and
irregular lots
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PARCELLING• Income for church holdings • First stage: wide, shallow, and
irregular lots • Second stage: wide, shallow, and
somewhat regular lots
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PARCELLING• Income for church holdings • First stage: wide, shallow, and
irregular lots • Second stage: wide, shallow, and
somewhat regular lots • Third stage: regular and repetitive
land subdivision
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PARCELLING• Income for church holdings • First stage: wide, shallow, and
irregular lots • Second stage: wide, shallow, and
somewhat regular lots • Third stage: regular and repetitive
land subdivision • Fourth stage: infill and
subdivision within preexisting blocks
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Two land subdivision plans for Planaltina Left: Velusiano Antônio da Silva, 1958 (Public Archive of the Federal District) Right: Paulo Magalhães, 1966 (Federal District Culture Department)
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BUILDING TYPES• Traditional colonial housing plans • Transitional and eclectic plans • Side yards everywhere
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BUILDING TYPES• Traditional colonial housing types
(blue) • Transitional and eclectic types
(green) • Post-1969 affordable houses
(brown)
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“House of Dona Negrinha” in Planaltina, c. 1896 Photo: 2010 Plan: as surveyed in 2010 (Leandro Peredo)
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“Blue House” in Planaltina, 1926 Photo: author unknown, c. 1926–1938 (Federal District Culture Department) Plan: as surveyed in 2009
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Houses (c. 1940–1965) on Hugo Lobo Street Photo: Alessio Gallizio, 2012
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URBANISATION IN THE BRAZILIAN HIGHLAND’S ‘FORGOTTEN CENTURY’: !GROWTH PATTERNS IN PLANALTINAPedro Paulo Palazzo Assistant Professor Laboratório de Estudos da Urbe — LabeUrbe University of Brasilia School of Architecture [email protected]