urban land managment examples from cambodia

Urbanization Trends and Urban Land Management Examples from

Cambodian CitiesNguon Rattanak & Jan-Peter Mund

LMAP – Provincial Director of Battambang Province (MLMUPC)Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Faculty of Land Management and Land Administration (CIM)

Supported and sponsored by :

6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 2

Content

Background to Land Management in Cambodia

National Strategies in Land Management

Regional Examples from Cambodia♦ Study Case Kampong Speu - Urban Master Plan and

Urban Green Space Planning

♦ Phnom Penh Case Study of District Urbanization

♦ Koh Kong Industrial Development Zone

Results, Conclusion and Outlook


Urban and urbanization area generally is defined as already urbanized or under urbanization within ten years.Annual growth of urban population by 8.4% (ADB) Result of permanent large-scale migration from rural areas to Phnom Penh as well as some secondary towns since 1991.According to the 2004 inter-censual population survey, the urban population in Cambodia is about 1.9 million or 17% of the total population58% of the Cambodian urban population live in the capital, and dominant city, Phnom Penh (Ref. NIS 2004).

Urbanization in Cambodia


Current Cambodian law does not define the building types or particular land use types with precise land use classification yet. General regulations or urban land use authorization exists only for some individual types of buildings like elevated buildings. There are still many other official and informal regulations to control urban land use in Cambodia.Historically, planning in Cambodia was - and often still is - carried out by technical staff at national level.‘General Master Plans’ are subsequently handed down to the local level for further implementation.

Introduction to Land Management in Cambodia


National Strategies in Land Management

The Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) is responsible for urban and regional planning.Rapid changes and local issues require adequate planning approaches.Due to the lack of an efficient urban master plan process, zoning concepts are not well known yet and conceptions for particular development axis are still very poor.Decentralized provincial and district staff in collaboration with advisors build capacity in land use management and urban planning as well as regional development issues.


Uncertain legal framework and responsibilities in spatial planning, urban planning and land managementIndistinct state land and private state land propertyUncontrolled land grabbing and land conflicts in peri-urban areasSteadily rising Rural-urban migrationRapid urban population growth in Phnom Penh and in a few provincial citiesUncontrolled settlement development and construction activities without adequate infrastructure Large scale development activities along road corridors and national borders which are hardly balancedExceeded unsustainable use of natural resources and infrastructure

Cambodian Challenges in Land Management


Regional Examples from CambodiaSiem ReapUrban Masterplan MLMUPC, JICA,ded, KAS

BattambangUrban MasterplanRegional Plan MLMUPC, AsiaUrbs, UNHabitatded, KAS

Koh KongLand Use PlanIndustrial EstatePlanningMLMUPC, ded,CIM

KampotUrban Masterplan

MLMUPC, gtz

Kampong SpeuLand Use Plan MLMUPC, ded

Sen Monorom Urban MasterPlan Project MLMUPC, ded

Phnom PenhLMAP Programm, Establishment of an newFaculty on Land Management and Land Administration at theRoyal University of AgricultureMLMUPC, CIM, gtz, World Bank


Different Planning Scales

104105106

Regional Plan (Province)

103

Rural Land Use Plan (District)

101

Urban Land Use Plan (Commune)

102

PLUP (Village and Urban PLUP)

Construction Plan (Project)

Planning and Drawing scales used in the Collaboration Projects: 1:200.000-1:2.000


Kampong Speu - Urban Planning process

Due to the lack of efficient urban master plan processes in Cambodia, zoning concepts are not well known yet and conceptions for particular development topics are still very poor.Copyright GDLMUP 2004)

Copyright GDLMUP 2004)


Kampong Speu – Urban Green Space Planning

Copyright GDLMUP 2004)


Total area of the capital city is about 375km²:

- 80% natural lake and agriculture.

- 20% urban area = 6200ha

- Medium density : 130 habitants per ha(500 habitant/ha in the centre and 50 habit./ha in the suburbs)


Blue ZoneMain canalUnderground canalLakeTreatment Plan

Green ZoneGreen park / leisure -4.700 haNatural Zone – 1,400 ha

TransportationRoad Network

StationRiver PortLogistical platform/port – 900 haAirport

Rail way

Preferential vocationAgriculture 10,000 haLoose density village – 6,000 haHousing dominant- 3,800 haSecondary centre-special pole - 1,100 haExisting suburb – 6200 haReserve for public equipment-230 haProtecting of treatment plant-430 haEconomic activities-3000 haPlanned City -2000 haHistorical Core -470 ha

Project of Master Plan of Phnom Penh city 2020

General destination of Land use plan


Most recent Urban development projects in Phnom Penh

Secondary centre


Mean Chey District Development Planning, Phnom Penh

Mean Chey is one of the 7 District of Phnom Penh city, situated in the south of the city. Surface:41.29 Km2Population: 170, 979 (2004)Annual Growth rate: 2.87 %

Division Area: 8 communes 30 Villages


Land Use in Meachey in 2003

Nirouth

Preaek Pra

Stueng Mean Chey

Chak Angrae Kraom

Boeng Tumpun

Chak Angrae Leu

Chbar Ampov Pir

Chbar Ampov Muoy

Russey Keo Direction

Chamkarmorn Direction

Dang Kor Direction

Kean Svay Direction

Ta Khmav Direction

Legendmean_chey_dis

Commune

Roads

main_rd

sub_rd

bridge

River

LU_JICA_MCNAME

Lakes (>8 ha)

Lakes (<8 ha)

Garden crop

Receding and Floating rice fields

Flooded grassland

Flooded shrub

Settlement

Paddy field

Shrubland (undifferentiated)

Village garden crop

1:50,000¯


Land Use in Meachey in 2005

Nirouth

Preaek Pra

Stueng Mean Chey

Chak Angrae Kraom

Boeng Tumpun

Chak Angrae Leu

Chbar Ampov Pir

Chbar Ampov Muoy

Russey Keo Direction

Chamkarmorn Direction

Dang Kor Direction

Kean Svay Direction

Ta Khmav Direction

Legendmean_chey_dis

commune_boundary

water sistmen

Roads

main_rd

sub_rd

bridge

river

Land use 2005

big market

small market

lakes>8ha

lakes<8ha

Orchard

Flooded Crops

clean of water sistmen

achievment area

Elictict station

old residental area

factory area

new residental area

Paddy field

Flooded grassland

Flooded srubland

1:50,000¯


Housing for the Poor in Battambang


Koh Kong - Regional Overview

TenureTenure and Property and Property IssuesIssues Cham Village DevelopmentCham Village Development

Mangrove Mangrove ProtectionProtection Industrial Estate DevelopmentIndustrial Estate Development


Koh Kong – Maps and Planning Sources


Results- Koh Kong Participatory Workshop

1. Maintain and sustain the potential of the river banks for tourism activities

2. Infrastructure Improvements in the Cham Fishing community

3. Protection of Mangroves

4. Village Development

5. Development of Industrial Estate Zones


ConclusionUrban development and planning in Cambodia requires transparent improved planning strategies

Up to date and adapted spatial data technologies.

Access to information and spatial data.

Decentralized governance and a strong integration of the civil society to improve the planning process.

Enhancement of the capacity of planning and implementing staff in several ministries.

Strong international and inter Asian collaboration.


Outlook and further activities

Continuous training of trainers and staff

Strong international cooperation with bilateral and international partners

Inter Asian collaboration to learn from examples, experiences and strategies of other Asian countries!

International Asian workshops to exchange and discuss typical Asian planning concepts

Improvement and appropriate amendments to the law and to local regulation

Thank you very much for your kind attention

Contacts for further collaborationDr. Jan-Peter Mund & Ralf Symann

Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiaFaculty of Land Management and Land Administration

Supported and sponsored by :

urban land managment examples from cambodia

Travel

urban land management

phnom penh

urbanization trends