Download - Urban Land Managment Examples From Cambodia
Urbanization Trends and Urban Land Management Examples from
Cambodian CitiesNguon Rattanak & Jan-Peter Mund
LMAP – Provincial Director of Battambang Province (MLMUPC)Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Faculty of Land Management and Land Administration (CIM)
Supported and sponsored by :
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 2
Content
Background to Land Management in Cambodia
National Strategies in Land Management
Regional Examples from Cambodia♦ Study Case Kampong Speu - Urban Master Plan and
Urban Green Space Planning
♦ Phnom Penh Case Study of District Urbanization
♦ Koh Kong Industrial Development Zone
Results, Conclusion and Outlook
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 3
Urban and urbanization area generally is defined as already urbanized or under urbanization within ten years.Annual growth of urban population by 8.4% (ADB) Result of permanent large-scale migration from rural areas to Phnom Penh as well as some secondary towns since 1991.According to the 2004 inter-censual population survey, the urban population in Cambodia is about 1.9 million or 17% of the total population58% of the Cambodian urban population live in the capital, and dominant city, Phnom Penh (Ref. NIS 2004).
Urbanization in Cambodia
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 4
Current Cambodian law does not define the building types or particular land use types with precise land use classification yet. General regulations or urban land use authorization exists only for some individual types of buildings like elevated buildings. There are still many other official and informal regulations to control urban land use in Cambodia.Historically, planning in Cambodia was - and often still is - carried out by technical staff at national level.‘General Master Plans’ are subsequently handed down to the local level for further implementation.
Introduction to Land Management in Cambodia
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 5
National Strategies in Land Management
The Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MLMUPC) is responsible for urban and regional planning.Rapid changes and local issues require adequate planning approaches.Due to the lack of an efficient urban master plan process, zoning concepts are not well known yet and conceptions for particular development axis are still very poor.Decentralized provincial and district staff in collaboration with advisors build capacity in land use management and urban planning as well as regional development issues.
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 6
Uncertain legal framework and responsibilities in spatial planning, urban planning and land managementIndistinct state land and private state land propertyUncontrolled land grabbing and land conflicts in peri-urban areasSteadily rising Rural-urban migrationRapid urban population growth in Phnom Penh and in a few provincial citiesUncontrolled settlement development and construction activities without adequate infrastructure Large scale development activities along road corridors and national borders which are hardly balancedExceeded unsustainable use of natural resources and infrastructure
Cambodian Challenges in Land Management
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 7
Regional Examples from CambodiaSiem ReapUrban Masterplan MLMUPC, JICA,ded, KAS
BattambangUrban MasterplanRegional Plan MLMUPC, AsiaUrbs, UNHabitatded, KAS
Koh KongLand Use PlanIndustrial EstatePlanningMLMUPC, ded,CIM
KampotUrban Masterplan
MLMUPC, gtz
Kampong SpeuLand Use Plan MLMUPC, ded
Sen Monorom Urban MasterPlan Project MLMUPC, ded
Phnom PenhLMAP Programm, Establishment of an newFaculty on Land Management and Land Administration at theRoyal University of AgricultureMLMUPC, CIM, gtz, World Bank
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 8
Different Planning Scales
104105106
Regional Plan (Province)
103
Rural Land Use Plan (District)
101
Urban Land Use Plan (Commune)
102
PLUP (Village and Urban PLUP)
Construction Plan (Project)
Planning and Drawing scales used in the Collaboration Projects: 1:200.000-1:2.000
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 9
Kampong Speu - Urban Planning process
Due to the lack of efficient urban master plan processes in Cambodia, zoning concepts are not well known yet and conceptions for particular development topics are still very poor.Copyright GDLMUP 2004)
Copyright GDLMUP 2004)
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 10
Kampong Speu – Urban Green Space Planning
Copyright GDLMUP 2004)
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 11
Total area of the capital city is about 375km²:
- 80% natural lake and agriculture.
- 20% urban area = 6200ha
- Medium density : 130 habitants per ha(500 habitant/ha in the centre and 50 habit./ha in the suburbs)
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 12
Blue ZoneMain canalUnderground canalLakeTreatment Plan
Green ZoneGreen park / leisure -4.700 haNatural Zone – 1,400 ha
TransportationRoad Network
StationRiver PortLogistical platform/port – 900 haAirport
Rail way
Preferential vocationAgriculture 10,000 haLoose density village – 6,000 haHousing dominant- 3,800 haSecondary centre-special pole - 1,100 haExisting suburb – 6200 haReserve for public equipment-230 haProtecting of treatment plant-430 haEconomic activities-3000 haPlanned City -2000 haHistorical Core -470 ha
Project of Master Plan of Phnom Penh city 2020
General destination of Land use plan
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 13
Most recent Urban development projects in Phnom Penh
Secondary centre
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 14
Mean Chey District Development Planning, Phnom Penh
Mean Chey is one of the 7 District of Phnom Penh city, situated in the south of the city. Surface:41.29 Km2Population: 170, 979 (2004)Annual Growth rate: 2.87 %
Division Area: 8 communes 30 Villages
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 15
Land Use in Meachey in 2003
Nirouth
Preaek Pra
Stueng Mean Chey
Chak Angrae Kraom
Boeng Tumpun
Chak Angrae Leu
Chbar Ampov Pir
Chbar Ampov Muoy
Russey Keo Direction
Chamkarmorn Direction
Dang Kor Direction
Kean Svay Direction
Ta Khmav Direction
Legendmean_chey_dis
Commune
Roads
main_rd
sub_rd
bridge
River
LU_JICA_MCNAME
Lakes (>8 ha)
Lakes (<8 ha)
Garden crop
Receding and Floating rice fields
Flooded grassland
Flooded shrub
Settlement
Paddy field
Shrubland (undifferentiated)
Village garden crop
1:50,000¯
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 16
Land Use in Meachey in 2005
Nirouth
Preaek Pra
Stueng Mean Chey
Chak Angrae Kraom
Boeng Tumpun
Chak Angrae Leu
Chbar Ampov Pir
Chbar Ampov Muoy
Russey Keo Direction
Chamkarmorn Direction
Dang Kor Direction
Kean Svay Direction
Ta Khmav Direction
Legendmean_chey_dis
commune_boundary
water sistmen
Roads
main_rd
sub_rd
bridge
river
Land use 2005
big market
small market
lakes>8ha
lakes<8ha
Orchard
Flooded Crops
clean of water sistmen
achievment area
Elictict station
old residental area
factory area
new residental area
Paddy field
Flooded grassland
Flooded srubland
1:50,000¯
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 17
Housing for the Poor in Battambang
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 18
Housing for the Poor in Battambang
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 19
Koh Kong - Regional Overview
TenureTenure and Property and Property IssuesIssues Cham Village DevelopmentCham Village Development
Mangrove Mangrove ProtectionProtection Industrial Estate DevelopmentIndustrial Estate Development
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 20
Koh Kong – Maps and Planning Sources
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 21
Results- Koh Kong Participatory Workshop
1. Maintain and sustain the potential of the river banks for tourism activities
2. Infrastructure Improvements in the Cham Fishing community
3. Protection of Mangroves
4. Village Development
5. Development of Industrial Estate Zones
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 22
ConclusionUrban development and planning in Cambodia requires transparent improved planning strategies
Up to date and adapted spatial data technologies.
Access to information and spatial data.
Decentralized governance and a strong integration of the civil society to improve the planning process.
Enhancement of the capacity of planning and implementing staff in several ministries.
Strong international and inter Asian collaboration.
6-8-2008 Nguon Rattanak, MLMUPC & Jan-Peter Mund, CIM-gtz, Phnom Penh: Urban and Peri-Urban Land Managment in Cambodia 23
Outlook and further activities
Continuous training of trainers and staff
Strong international cooperation with bilateral and international partners
Inter Asian collaboration to learn from examples, experiences and strategies of other Asian countries!
International Asian workshops to exchange and discuss typical Asian planning concepts
Improvement and appropriate amendments to the law and to local regulation
Thank you very much for your kind attention
Contacts for further collaborationDr. Jan-Peter Mund & Ralf Symann
Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiaFaculty of Land Management and Land Administration
Supported and sponsored by :