ups trends - nfmt · 2015-10-30 · ups definition uninterruptible power supply (ups) ^is an...
TRANSCRIPT
UPS TRENDS RAJAN BATTISH, PE, ATD, LEED AP
AND OPPORTUNITIES
AGENDAIntroductions
Trending Technologies
Risks
Opportunities
Conclusion
In July 2007, RTKL joined the ARCADIS network.
ARCADIS is a global company with the goal of enhancing mobility, sustainability and quality of life by creating balance in the built and natural environment.
ARCADIS AND RTKL
WATER ENVIRONMENT BUILDINGSINFRASTRUCTURE
ARCADIS
MISSION CRITICAL GROUP
170 Professionals Globally
Develop Innovative Solutions
Flexibility - emerging technology
Redefining Resiliency
UPS DEFINITION
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
“is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically mains power, fails.
… provide near-instantaneous protection from input power interruptions, by supplying energy stored in batteries, supercapacitors, or flywheels.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninterruptible_power_supply
UPS TOPOLOGIES
Typical UPS Topologies
Line Interactive
Off-line or Passive Stand By
On-line or Double Conversion
LINE INTERACTIVE
UPS TOPOLOGIES
Typical UPS Topologies
Line Interactive
Off-Line or Passive Stand By
On-line or Double Conversion
OFF-LINE
UPS TOPOLOGIES
Typical UPS Topologies
Line Interactive
Off-line or Passive Stand By
On-line or Double Conversion
DOUBLE CONVERSION
UPS CLASSIFICATIONS
3 Main Classifications of UPS
• 3 – Offline
• 2 – Line Interactive
• 1 –Online Or Double Conversion
Focus on Classification 1
Table and classifications derived from “A new International UPS Classification by IEC 62040-3” First Edition 1999-03/revised and translated 2001-11. By Dipl. –Ing. Wilhelm Solter.
Voltage Phenomenon Time e.g. IEC 62040-3
UPS Solution
1. 2. 3.
Outage BlackoutsSags/BrownoutsDynamic Overvoltage
>10 ms<16 ms<16 ms
Classification 3 Offline
4.5.
Under-voltageOvervoltage
ContinuousContinuous
Classification 2 LineInteractive
6.7.8.9.10.
LightningTransients (Surge)Frequency VariationsVoltage Distortion Hf (Burst)Voltage Harmonics
Sporadic<4 msSporadicPeriodicallyContinuous
***********Classification 1(True) OnlineReal Double-Conversion
SILICON-CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (SCR)
TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
Shortened Battery Life
High Harmonics
Filters
Leakage Currents
SINGLE PHASE INVERTER
TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
Slow Switching
High Harmonics
Isolation Transformer
Reference Ground
INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR
TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
Replaces SCR Technology
Near Unity Input Power Factor
Higher DC Voltage
Single or Multistage Switching
INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR
TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
Transformer-less Design
Tighter Power Quality Control
Nano Seconds
Floating Reference Ground
TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
Trending away from Central
Static switch has to be rated for full load of the system
System sized for final build out
Typical for parallel redundant configuration.
CENTRAL STATIC SWITCH
TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
All static sources must come from common AC source
Impedance Matching
Short circuit rating consideration
Cost
Controls
DISTRIBUTED STATIC SWITCH
ECONOMY MODETRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
Efficiency up to 98%
Electronics of UPS - Energized
Steady state operation in the bypass
Loss of power on bypass engages inverter
MODULARITY TRENDING TECHNOLOGIES
Hot Swap Components
Smaller Footprint
Modular Redundancy
Capacity Planning
OPPURTUNITIES
85%
87%
89%
91%
93%
95%
97%
20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
EFFI
CIE
NC
Y
PERCENT LOAD
UPS EFFICIENCY COMPARISON
• Higher Load Utilization is Key
• Nominal Size and Load
• Efficiency Varies on Technology
• Knee of the Curve
• Lightly loaded system
• Load and Redundancy
• Capacity Planning
• Evaluate TCO of the UPS
OPPURTUNITIESEFFICIENCY GAINS
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,000
20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
AN
NU
AL
CO
ST
EFFICIENCY
EFFICIENCY VS ANNUAL COST
A
B
C
D
E
F
COST ANALYSIS
OPPORTUNITIES
• Replacement Cost UPS
• 5 year cost impact
• Energy Savings over 5 years
• System reliability
*Comparison replacement of three 225kVA UPS
Existing New UPS A New UPS B
Initial Price for (2) - $170,000 $400,000
Battery (Replacement) $88,204 $160,000.00 -
Estimated Labor $509,038 $825,000 $1,000,000
5 Year Maintenance Costs $86,196 $84,000 $77,600
Estimated Energy Costs Year 1 $275,250 $277,318 $265,702
Estimated Energy Costs Year 2 $294,117 $291,548 $283,916
Estimated Energy Costs Year 3 $312,451 $312,451 $304,272
Estimated Energy Costs Year 4 $334,455 $330,194 $322,994
Estimated Energy Costs Year 5 $357,559 $357,559 $348,199
5 Year Costs Associated $1,714,028 $2,808,070 $3,002,682
Difference from Existing - ($1,094,042) ($1,288,654)
5 Year Energy Cost $1,573,832 $1,569,070 $1,525,082
Savings on Energy Cost (5 Years) - $4,762 $48,750
TRANSFORMER LESS UPS
RISKS
• No galvanic isolation
• Distributed Bypass
• Parallel Components (IGBTs)
• DC fault Detection
CONCLUSION
• Power Quality Requirements
• Classification of UPS
• Not all UPS are same – TCO
• Manage Risk
QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU