upkar prakashan, agra-2 · opp. hanuman mandir, ... this mantra can be clearly seen to be operating...

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

ByDr. Shyam Anand

© Publishers

Publishers

UPKAR PRAKASHAN2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA–282 002Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101Fax : (0562) 4053330E-mail : [email protected], Website : www.upkar.in

Branch Offices :4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj,New Delhi—110 002Phone : 011–23251844/66

Paras Bhawan(First Floor),Khazanchi Road,Patna—800 004Phone : 0612–2673340

1-8-1/B, R.R. Complex (Near SundaraiahPark, Adjacent to Manasa Enclave Gate),Bagh Lingampally,Hyderabad—500 044Phone : 040–66753330

28, Chowdhury Lane, ShyamBazar, Near Metro Station,Gate No. 4Kolkata—700 004 (W.B.)Phone : 033–25551510

B-33, Blunt Square, KanpurTaxi Stand Lane, Mawaiya,Lucknow—226 004 (U.P.)Phone : 0522–4109080

8-310/1, A. K. House,Heeranagar, Haldwani,Distt.—Nainital—263 139(Uttarakhand)Mob. : 7060421008

1461, Juni Shukrawari,Sakkardara Road,Opp. Hanuman Mandir,Nagpur—440009Phone : 0712–6564222

● The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet ifany mistake has crept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same.

● This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form by Photographic,Mechanical, or any other method, for any use, without written permission from thePublishers.

● Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute.

ISBN : 978-93-5013-382-8

Price : 325/-(Rs. Three Hundred Twenty Five Only)

Code No. 1522

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

PREFACE

Education is a liberating force, and in our age it is also a democratising force, cutting across thebarriers of caste and class, smoothing out inequalities imposed by birth and other circumstances. Humanlife which is the best creation of God, has two aspects : the biological and the sociological or cultural.While the former is maintained and transmitted by food and reproduction, the latter is preserved andtransmitted by education.

The post-independence period has witnessed in all round colossal upheaval in the spheres—social,political, economic and educational. The traditional system of education is an anarchronism, to bereplaced completely by a truly national system. We now need to redefine the aims of education fordemocratic India, and to have a comprehensive plan for educational at all levels. On the one hand, weneed to preserve our cultural traditions, and on the other hand, we need to solve all over present problemswith a modern and scientific approach. The philosophical background of our education will be more orless oriental in character, but the means and methods of implementing our educational ideals will bemodern. The ardent task of our educational thinkers is, therefore, to redefine our educational theory andplan educational practices completely in harmony with the theory.

The present book UGC Education Paper-II has been written according to the latest syllabus of theexamination. The sections that are covered in the syllabus for the subject are : 1. PhilosophicalFoundations of Education, 2. Sociological Foundations of Education, 3. Psychological Foundations ofEducation and 4. Methodology of Educational Research.

Most of the UGC JRF/NET/SET aspirants can barely afford sufficient time to thorough all the listedreferences. It is here that this handy compendium, a product of several year’s intelligent research andlabour will be found the most reliable friend, philosopher and guide by the UGC aspirants who wish tozoom ahead of their competitors who have toiled through burning mid-night lamp reading volume aftervolumes of educations book. “Work smarter and not necessarily harder” is the dictum of the present daysuccessful candidates. This mantra can be clearly seen to be operating in every page of this book.

A careful study of the previous year’s question papers would reveal that in Education the variation ofthe questions is very high. The topics in the book are so designed and selected that every possiblevariation of the questions is covered. It will provide you wider choice in framing your answer.

The scientific approach of this book has deliberately been made success-friendly. The book is writtenin an easily digestible and reproducible format. The simplicity and lucidity of the language is bound tomake the study of the subject easy and understandable.

We shall feel grateful to the readers if they send us their valuable comments, so that furtherimprovement may be made in the forthcoming editions of the book.

—Author

Contents

● Previous Year’s Solved Paper

Unit-I : Philosophical Foundations of Education ……………..……….….. 3–111

● Multiple Choice Questions 91

Unit-II : Sociological Foundations of Education ……………..…………... 112–203


Unit-III : Psychological Foundations of Education ……………..………… 204–312


Unit-IV : Methodology of Educational Research ……………..………...… 313–400


● Education Facts At A Glance 1–32

Syllabus

1. Philosophical Foundations of EducationRelationship of Education and Philosophy

Western Schools of Philosophy :

Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism,Existentialism, Marxism with special referenceto the concepts of knowledge, reality andvalues their educational implications for aims,contents and methods of education.

Indian Schools of Philosophy (Sankhya,Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism, Islamic tra-ditions) with special reference to the conceptof knowledge, reality and values and theireducational implications.

Contributions of Vivekananda, Tagore, Gandhiand Aurobindo to educational thinking.

National values as enshrined in the IndianConstitution, and their educational impli-cations.

Modern concept of Philosophy : Analysis—Logical analysis, Logical empiricism andPositive relativism—(Morris L. Prigge).

2. Sociological Foundations of EducationRelationship of Sociology and Education

Meaning and nature of Educational sociologyand Sociology of education

Education—as a social sub-system—specificcharacteristics

Education and the home

Education and the community with specialreference to Indian society

Education and modernization

Education and politics

Education and religion

Education and culture

Education and democracy

Socialization of the child

Meaning and nature of social change.

Education as related to social stratification andsocial mobility.

Education as related to social equity andequality of educational opportunities.

Constraints on social change in India (caste,ethnicity, class, language, religion, region-alism).

Education of the socially and economicallydisadvantaged sections of the society with spe-cial reference to Scheduled Castes and Sched-uled Tribes, women and rural population.

3. Psychological Foundations of EducationRelationship of Education and Psychology

Process of Growth and Development

—physical, social, emotional and intel-lectual.

—development of concept formation,logical reasoning, problem solving andcreative thinking; language development.

—individual differences—determinants;role of heredity and environment; impli-cations of individual differences for or-ganising educational programmes.

Intelligence—its theories and measurement.

Learning and Motivation

Theories of learning—Thorndike is conn-ectionism; Pavlov’s classical and Skin-ner’s operant conditioning; Learning byinsight; Hull’s reinforcement theory andTolman’s theory of learning; Lewin’sField theory.

—Gagne’s hierarchy of learning

—Factors influencing learning

—Learning and motivation

—Transfer of learning and its theories

Psychology and education of exceptionalchildren—creative, gifted, backward, learningdisables and mentally retarded.

Personality—type and trait theories—mea-surement of personality.

Mental health and hygiene—Process ofadjustment, conflicts and defence mechanism,

( vii )

mental hygiene and mental health. SexEducation.

Guidance.

4. Methodology of Educational ResearchNature and Scope of Educational Research

Meaning and Nature

Need and Purpose

Scientific Inquiry and Theory Development—Some emerging trends in research

Fundamental—Applied and Action Research

Formulation of Research Problem

Criteria and sources for identifying the prob-lem

Delineating and Operationalizing variables

Developing assumptions and hypothesis invarious types of research

Collection of Data

Concept of population and sample

Various methods of sampling

Characteristics of a good sample

Tools and Techniques

Characteristics of a good research tool

Types of research tools and techniques andtheir uses

Questionnaire-Interviews-Observations

Tests and scales, projective and sociometrictechniques

Major Approaches to Research

Descriptive Research

Ex-post facto Research

Laboratory Experiment

Field Experiment

Field Studies

Historical Research

Analysis of Data

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. Thenull hypothesis, test of significance, typesof error, one-tailed and two-tailed tests.

The t-test

The F-test (one-way and ANOVA)

Non-parametric tests (Chi-square test)

Biserial, point-biserial, tetrachoric andphi-coefficient of correlation

Partial and multiple correlations.

UGC-NET/JRF Exam., 2016 Solved Paper

July 2016

Education(Paper – II)

Note : This Paper contains fifty (50) objectivetype questions of two (2) marks each. All questionsare compulsory.1. Rearrange the following in a correct sequence

of their origin and evolution–Technology, Philosophy, Science, Education.(A) Science, Technology, Philosophy, Educa-

tion(B) Technology, Science, Philosophy, Educa-

tion(C) Philosophy, Education, Science, Techno-

logy(D) Education, Technology, Science, Philoso-

phy2. Match the items of List - I with that of List - II

and select the appropriate code–List-I (Points of accent)(a) Education for eternal values(b) Education for democracy(c) Emphasis on mass production(d) Scientific methodList-II (Schools of Philosophy)1. Idealism2. Realism3. Naturalism4. Pragmatism5. Existentialism6. MarxismWhich sequence is correct ?

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 6 2 4

(B) 3 4 2 1

(C) 5 4 6 3(D) 1 4 6 2

3. Which school of philosophy in education willplead affinity with Darwinian theory of evolu-tion?(A) Existentialism (B) Naturalism(C) Idealism (D) Pragmatism

4. Which condition of the following principles willdescribe most appropriately the existentialiststance ?1. Human mind is a tabula rasa.2. Each child has got immense potential.3. Self learning is the most effective learning

approach.4. Freedom should lead to owning responsi-

bility.(A) 1, 3 and 4 (B) 1, 2 and 3(C) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (D) 2, 3 and 4

5. In the context of Samkhya categories, match theitems of List-I with that of List-II select theappropriate code–List-I (Form)(a) Both cause and effect(b) Cause only(c) Effect only(d) Neither cause nor effectList-II (Metaphysical Entity)1. Prakriti2. Mahat3. Sensory organs4. Subtle essences5. Mind6. PurusaWhich sequence is correct ?

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 6 5 3, 4 1

(B) 2, 4 6 3 5

2 | UGC-NET Education-II (J-2016)

(C) 2, 4 1 3, 5 6

(D) 6 5 3 6

6. The Jain philosophy propounds the followingepistemological principle for arriving at trueknowledge–

(A) Anekantvada (B) Syadvada

(C) Naya (D) Mati Gyan

7. In the terms of Vedanta philosophy, the conceptof Maya is used to represent–

(A) Transcendent reality

(B) Immanent reality

(C) Inherent reality

(D) Temporary power of the absolute

8. Match the items of List-I with that of List-II andselect the appropriate code–

List-I (Thinker)(a) Gandhi

(b) Tagore

(c) Aurbindo

(d) Vivekanand

List - II (Title of the Book)1. Geeta Pravachan

2. Practical Vedanta

3. Geeta Rahasya

4. Savitri

5. My Experiment with Truth

6. Universal man

Which sequence is correct ?

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 5 6 3 2

(B) 6 4 3 1

(C) 1 2 4 6

(D) 5 6 4 2

9. According to Gandhiji, which of the followingaims can be achieved through basic education ?

(i) Ram Rajya

(ii) Freedom and Autonomy

(iii) Natural justice

(iv) Sarvodaya

(v) Equality

(vi) Democracy(A) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)(B) (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v)(C) (i), (iii), (iv) and (v)(D) (ii), (iii), (iv) and (vi)

10. Assertion (A) : According to Logical Positivism,teach and use only those words and sentenceswhich can be verified empirically.Reason (R) : Because the truth can be verifiedonly through empirical means.Which of the following options is correct ?(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the

correct reason(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the

correct reason(C) Both (A) and (R) are not true(D) (A) is true, but (R) is not true

11. Which of the following Article of Indian Cons-titution lays down that education of Childrenaged 6-14 years is a Fundamental Right?(A) Article 21 (A)(B) Article 45(C) Article 51 (A)(D) Article 42

12. Which of the following practices leads to socialexclusion ?(A) Reservation of seats for SC and ST children(B) Special schools for blind(C) Provision of mid-day meal(D) Posting of at least one female teacher in

every school13. Upward social mobility of teachers is relatively

less contingent on–(A) Academic merit(B) Political influence(C) Level of aspirations(D) Caste affiliation

14. Upcoming of private schools in urban areas hascontributed to–(a) Hierarchy among the educational institu-

tions.(b) Equalization of educational opportunity.(c) Hierarchy among status groups.(d) An element of selectivity.

UGC-NET Education-II (J-2016) | 3

Choose the correct set of answers from thefollowing alternatives :

(A) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

(B) (a), (b) and (c)

(C) (b), (c) and (d)

(D) (a), (c) and (d)

15. The phrase ‘equality of educational oppor-tunity’ implies–

(a) Giving equal opportunity for educationaladvancement to all irrespective of differe-nces.

(b) The state to provide adequate educationalfacilities for all children upto certain level.

(c) No child should remain educationallyunserved owing to poor economic condi-tions.

(d) Giving identical educational opportunity toall children irrespective of differences.

Choose the correct set of answers from thefollowing alternatives–

(A) (a),(b) and (d)

(B) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

(C) (a), (b) and (c)

(D) (a), (c) and (d)

16. A ‘National system of Education’ implies–

(a) A uniform system of education for allchildren.

(b) Education should be free upto certain level.

(c) Education upto specific level should beuniversally available.

(d) All children should have equal opportunityto pursue formal education.


(A) (a), (c) and (d)

(B) (b), (c) and (d)

(C) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

(D) (a), (b) and (c)

17. The role of education in the context of socialchange is to–

(a) Preserve the worthwhile cultural heritage.

(b) Transmit the preserved culture to the newgeneration.

(c) Replace the cultural heritage by new.

(d) Disseminate the new knowledge in thesociety.


(A) (a), (b) and (d)

(B) (a), (b) and (c)

(C) (b), (c) and (d)

(D) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

18. Which of the following is not a characteristicfeature of ‘culture’ ?

(A) Culture is social inheritance

(B) Culture is cumulative

(C) Culture is in constant flux

(D) Culture is biological inheritance

19. Which of the following statements does notimply that education is an instrument of culturaldiffusion ?

(A) Preserves culture through formal andinformal ways

(B) Transmits cultural norms, values and ideasto young generation

(C) Preaches cultural norms, values and ideasto younger generation

(D) Interprets culture and perpetuates the socialheritage

20. Which of the following is not a basic need ofevery social system ?

(A) Democracy (B) Adaptation

(C) Integration (D) Goal attainment

21. For organizing its content and process educatio-nal psychology takes support from–

(A) Scientific knowledge relating to teachingand learning

(B) Philosophical perspective of society

(C) Sociological problems in schools

(D) Socio-political contexts of schools

22. Match the following two lists in order to renderthem meaningful in terms of psychology ofgrowth and development and select the rightanswer from the given codes–

Set-I (Aspects of Development)

(a) Language development


(b) Cognitive development

(c) Emotional development

(d) Physical development

Set-II (Characteristics)

1. The child is able to walk.

2. The parents take care of child’s toilet habits.

3. The child holds conversation with peers.

4. The child starts asking questions.

5. The child feels shy.

6. The child attacks another child.

Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 5 4 2 6

(B) 3 4 5 1

(C) 1 3 4 5

(D) 2 1 6 3

23. In improving classroom teaching-learninginteractions, which of the following strategiesis linked with the later adolescence stage ofdevelopment ?

(A) Activity based presentation

(B) Imitative acts in the classroom

(C) Mentoring with free exchange of ideas

(D) Assigned reading and writing

24. In Pavlovian conditioning paradigm as develo-ped originally which of the following was usedas independent variable ?

(A) Response magnitude

(B) Response latency

(C) Number of CS-US pairing

(D) Presentation of CS alone

25. In the operant conditioning procedure, matchthe following two sets on the basis of nature ofreinforcement, Cue and the form of responseand choose the correct code which follows :

Set-I (Procedure of operant conditioning)(a) Reward training

(b) Escape training

(c) Discrimination training

(d) Active-avoidance training

Set-II(The form of reinforcement, Cue and response)1. Positive reinforcement with making of a

response in the absence of cue.

2. Negative reinforcement with holding ofresponse in the presence of cue.

3. Positive reinforcement with making ofresponse in the presence of a cue.

4. Negative reinforcement with making of aresponse in the presence of a cue.

5. Negative reinforcement with making of aresponse in the absence of a cue.

Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 1 5 3 4

(B) 5 1 2 3

(C) 1 3 5 4

(D) 3 5 4 2

26. In Gagne’s hierarchy of learning which of thefollowing learning types will form part of chainlearning ?

(A) Concept learning

(B) Problem solving learning

(C) Rule learning

(D) Signal learning

27. For developing his theory of learning Tolmangot support from–

(A) Trial and Error learning experiment

(B) Place learning experiment

(C) Maze learning experiment

(D) S-R learning experiment

28. In Hull’s system of learning which one is anintervening variable ?

(A) Number of Reinforced practices

(B) Resistance to extinction

(C) Excitatory Reaction potential

(D) Response Amplitude

29. What is the correct sequence in terms ofdevelopment of transfer of learning theories ?

(A) Identity of Elements theory, Faculty theory,Generalization theory, Transpositiontheory.


(B) Faculty theory, Identity of Elements theory,Generalization theory, Transpositiontheory

(C) Transposition theory, Faculty theory,Identity of Elements theory, Generalizationtheory

(D) Generalization theory, Transpositiontheory, Faculty theory, Identity of Elementstheory

30. Assertion (A) : All gifted children are creativealso.Reasoning (R) : Creativity is not necessarilyrelated to giftedness.

Which of the following options is correct ?(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the

correct reason for (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the

correct reason for (A)(C) Both (A) and (R) are false

(D) (R) is true, but cannot be the reason for (A)31. In dealing with which of the following categories

of children, social equity becomes an importantconsideration ?(A) Gifted children

(B) Backward children(C) Mentally retarded children

(D) Creative children32. For enhancing personal effectiveness, which of

the aspects of ‘Johary Window’ should beexpanded ?

(A) Arena with reduced size of B(B) Arena with reduced size of C

(C) Arena with reduced size of D

(D) Arena with reduced size of B, C and D33. Who is an arch advocate of trait theory of per-

sonality ?(A) Sheldon (B) Kretschmer

(C) Jung (D) Allport34. A student is rebuked by his/her class teacher

for negligence in studies. When he/she comesback to his/her home, he/she ill-treats the pets/toys etc. This is a case of–

(A) Aggression (B) Rationalization(C) Denial (D) Displacement

35. Which of the following is intimately associatedwith mental health ?

(A) Absence of anxiety

(B) Keeping one’s desires in abeyance

(C) Resources for gratifying needs

(D) Ability to defer gratification of needs

36. In a study regarding two types of video gamesand their relation, to play way method ofteaching, four types of conclusions can bearrived at, as listed below, Identify which of thestatements can be treated as Type II error.

(A) Deciding the two types of video games arenot related to play way method of teachingand they really are not

(B) Deciding the two types of video; gamesare related to play way method of teachingand they really are not

(C) Deciding the two types of video games arerelated to play way method of teaching andthey really are

(D) Deciding the two types of video games arenot related to play way method of teachingand they really are

37. Match the criterion for evaluation study fromSet-I with the description in Set-II. For answeruse the appropriate code–

Set-I (Criterion for Evaluation Study)(a) Feasibility Standard

(b) Propriety Standard

(c) Utility Standard

(d) Accuracy Standard

Set-II (Description)1. Evaluation will be conducted legally,

ethically giving due regard for the welfareof those involved.

2. Evaluation should state and convey techni-cally adequate information about the prac-tice studied.

3. Ensure that evaluation will offer practicaland timely information.

4. Evaluation will be realistic, economicaland diplomatic.

5. Evaluation will be based on context analysisand procedure.


6. Evaluation should be based on conceptualframework and for self-regulation.


(A) 1 2 3 4

(B) 4 1 3 2

(C) 4 2 1 3(D) 2 1 3 4

38. Match the items in Set-I with the items in Set-IIand use the correct code as answer–Set-I (Variable)(a) Intelligence scores on a Verbal test(b) Ranks of the students in a musical test(c) Number of children in tribal families(d) Length and breadth of classroomSet-II (Scale of measurement)1. Ratio scale2. Interval scale3. Ordinal scale4. Nominal scaleCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 3 4 1

(B) 2 4 3 1

(C) 1 2 3 4(D) 4 3 1 2

39. In using inferential statistics, which one of thefollowing will be considered as relevant infor-mation ?(A) Information about the tool of research.(B) Information about the research design(C) Nature of the aggregate (population)(D) Sampling procedure used

40. In calculating an ‘F’ value from a research data,which of the following is required at the end ofoperation ?(A) Finding out the total sum of squares(B) Finding out the ratio of total sum of squares

and between sum of squares(C) Finding out the ratio of Between sum of

squares and within sum of squares(D) Finding out the ratio of within sum of

squares and total sum of squares

41. In a study, a researcher wants to eliminate theeffect of one variable in a bid to find out thepure relationship between two variables of his/her interest. He/She should be advised to usewhich of the following methods of computingcoefficient of correlation ?

(A) Multiple correlation

(B) Point Biserial correlation

(C) Contingency coefficient via Chi-square

(D) Partial correlation

42. In rejecting a null hypothesis (H0), a researcheris likely to commit which type of error ?

(A) Type I error

(B) Type II error

(C) Both Type I and II errors

(D) Neither Type I or Type II errors

43. Which of the following is not a limitation ofEducational Research ?

(A) Complexity of Research problems

(B) Methodological difficulties

(C) Public nature of education

(D) Mental discomfort of subjects

44. In meta analysis of literature reviews–

(A) are narrative syntheses of prior research

(B) can be applied in every study

(C) require tittle or no researcher decisions inthe process

(D) consider in average statistical terms theresults of prior research

45. Which of the following will be the standard errorof mean when standard deviation is 8.00 andN = 100?

(A) 8.00 (B) 0.80

(C) 0.08 (D) 0.008

46. Match the items of List-I with the items inList-II and use the correct code to indicate youranswer–

List-I (Types of reliability)

(a) Stability

(b) Equivalence

(c) Equivalence and Stability

(d) Internal consistency


List-II (Procedure)1. Administer one test and correlate the items

to each other.

2. Administer different tests to the sameindividuals over a period of time.

3. Administer the same test to the sameindividuals over a period of time.

4. Administer different tests to the sameindividuals at about the same time.


(A) 3 2 4 1

(B) 2 3 1 4

(C) 3 4 2 1

(D) 4 3 1 2

47. Which of the following is not included in ethno-graphic contributions to research ?

(A) Exploratory or discovery oriented approach

(B) Generalizability to different settings andpopulations

(C) Preponderance of evidence of many casestudies

(D) Evaluation research through formativemethod

48. In the formation of research problems foreducational studies using quantitative para-digms a sequence of logical steps has to befollowed usually in a particular-order.

From the list given below, select an appropriatesequence from the code.

List of steps :1. Deciding the specific problem.2. Determining the field of study.

3. Identifying the variables involved.

4. Defining and delimiting the scope of theproblem.

5. Evaluating on the basis of personal andacademic suitability of the problem.

Codes :

(A) 1, 2, 4, 3, 5 (B) 5, 3, 4, 2, 1

(C) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 (D) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5

49. Standard deviation of a sampling distributionof a statistic is termed as–

(A) Standard variance

(B) Sampling variance

(C) Sampling error

(D) Standard error

50. For conducting action research, reviewing ofrelated literature is done to–

(A) classify the design of the study

(B) ascertain the quantitative or qualitativenature of the situation

(C) ensure the contribution of the study toexisting literature

(D) identify the effective ideas and practices

Answers with Hints1. (C) 2. (D)

3. (B) Naturalism is a philosophical doctrine. Itis opposed to idealism in its interpretation ofreality. Naturalism is concerned with ‘naturalself’ or ‘real self’. It contends that the ultimatereality is matter, and not mind or spirit.

4. (D) 5. (C)6. (B) Syadvada in Jaina metaphysics, the

doctrine that all judgments are conditional,holding good only in certain conditions,circumstances, or senses, expressed by theword syat. The ways of looking at a thing areinfinite in number.

7. (C) 8. (D)9. (C) Basic education refers to the whole range

of educational activities taking place invarious settings (formal, non formal andinformal), that aim to meet basic learningneeds. According to the International StandardClassification of Education (ISCED), basiceducation comprises primary education (firststage of basic education) and lowersecondary education (second stage).

10. (A)

11. (A) Article 21 of Constitution of India dealswith Protection of life and personal liberty.Right to education : It is the latest addition tothe fundamental rights.

12. (B) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (C)16. (B) The National System of Education,


implemented in the early 1980s, createdprograms for people of all ages, part-time aswell as full-time students, to improve bothliteracy and technical education. Private andparochial school facilities were nationalizedto facilitate the reorganization and unificationof the educational system.

17. (A)18. (D) Culture “that complex whole which

includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law,custom and any other capabilities and habitsacquired by man as a member of society.”Culture is defined as a social domain thatemphasizes the practices, discourses, andmaterial expressions, which, over time, expressthe continuities and discontinuities of socialmeaning of a life held in common.

19. (C) Cultural diffusion is the spread ofcultural beliefs and social activities from onegroup to another. The mixing of world culturesthrough different ethnicities, religions andnationalities has increased with advancedcommunication, transportation and techno-logy.

20. (A) 21. (A) 22. (B) 23. (C)

24. (C) Classical conditioning refers to alearning procedure in which a biologicallypotent stimulus is paired with a previouslyneutral stimulus . It also refers to the learningprocess that results from this pairing, throughwhich the neutral stimulus comes to elicit aresponse that is usually similar the oneelicited by the potent stimulus.

25. (A)26. (D) Robert Mills Gagne (August 21, 1916 -

April 28, 2002) was an American educationalpsychologist best known for his ‘Conditionsof Learning’. Gagne was also involved inapplying concepts of instructional theory tothe design of computer-based training andmultimedia-based learning.

27. (B) 28. (C) 29. (A) 30. (D) 31. (C)

32. (D) The Johari window is a technique usedto help people better understand their relation-ship with themselves and others, which wascreated by psychologists Joseph Luft andHarrington Ingham in 1955. It is used primarilyin self-help groups and corporate settings asa heuristic exercise. Luft and Ingham calledtheir Johari Window model ‘Johari’ aftercombining their first names, Joe and Harry.

33. (D) Gordon Willard Allport was anAmerican psychologist. Allport was one ofthe first psychologists to focus on the studyof the personality, and is often referred to asone of the founding figures of personalitypsychology.

34. (D) 35. (D) 36. (D) 37. (B) 38. (A)

39. (C) 40. (C)41. (D) Partial correlation is a method used to

describe the relationship between twovariables whilst taking away the effects ofanother variable, or several other variables,on this relationship.

42. (A) In inferential statistics, the term ‘nullhypothesis’ usually refers to a generalstatement or default position that there is norelationship between two measured phe-nomena, or no association among groups.

43. (D) 44. (D) 45. (B) 46. (C) 47. (B)48. (D)49. (D) The standard error is the standard

deviation of the sampling distribution of astatistic, most commonly of the mean. Theterm may also be used to refer to an estimateof that standard deviation, derived from aparticular sample used to compute theestimate.

50. (D) Action research is either researchinitiated to solve an immediate problem or areflective process of progressive problemsolving led by individuals working with othersin teams or as part of a ‘community of practice’to improve the way they address issues andsolve problems.

continue

PRODUCT NOT FOUND!

Product not found!

School BooksOswaal BooksClass 9th BooksClass 10th BooksClass 11th BooksClass 12th Books

Engineering BooksRGPV Books & NotesVT U Books & NotesFree Engineering BooksInformation T echnology BooksElectrical Engineering Books

Competitive ExamsBank PO Exam

Login | Register 0

Search by Title / Author / ISBN / Description

javascript:void(0)http://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=account/loginhttp://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=account/registerhttp://www.kopykitab.com/download-kopykitab-ebook-readerhttp://www.kopykitab.com/http://www.kopykitab.com/higher-education-ebookshttp://www.kopykitab.com/Professional-Courseshttp://www.kopykitab.com/Competitive-Exams-eBookshttp://www.kopykitab.com/School-Education-eBookshttp://www.kopykitab.com/free-ebooks-download/index.php?route=product/category/byParams&product_type[]=test_preparation&product_type[]=mock_testhttp://www.kopykitab.com/blog/http://www.kopykitab.com/http://www.kopykitab.com/Oswaal-Bookshttp://www.kopykitab.com/School-Education-eBooks/eBooks-for-Class-9thhttp://www.kopykitab.com/School-Education-eBooks/eBooks-for-Class-10thhttp://www.kopykitab.com/School-Education-eBooks/eBooks-for-Class-11thhttp://www.kopykitab.com/School-Education-eBooks/eBooks-for-Class-12thhttp://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=product/search&filter_name=rgpv&filter_description=truehttp://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=product/search&filter_name=vtu&filter_description=truehttp://www.kopykitab.com/engineering-ebooks-free-downloadhttp://www.kopykitab.com/engineering-eBooks/Information-Technology-eBookshttp://www.kopykitab.com/engineering-eBooks/electrical-engineering-ebookshttp://www.kopykitab.com/eBooks-For-Bank-PO

Gate BooksT eaching Exams BooksAIEEE-NIT -JEE MAINS BooksUPSC Books

Professional CoursesICSI Books & Study MaterialsChartered Accountant BooksCompany Secretary BooksICSI 7 days T rialLatest Scanners

About KopyKitab.com

Kopykitab is India's largest Digital platform with Multiple publishers. Kopykitab has the largest collection ofeBooks & branded digital content in Higher Education, School (K12), Professional & Competitive Exams. Wehave a strong foundation of leading publishers & tutorials as content partners.

We offer eBook, Test Preparation, Notes, Videos & LMS for a variety of curriculum to Students, Professionals &Institutes. Our goal is to make education affordable & accessible.A user can access the content in all electronic devices e.g. Mobile, PC & Tabs

Informat ion

About Us

FAQ

Privacy Policy

T erms & Conditions

Payment Information

Links

ICSI eLibrary

KopyKitab eBook Reader

Contact Us

Site Map

My Account

Refer & Earn

My Account

Order History

Wish List

Newsletter

My Library

Office 365 Email Login

Google Login

Verified By

©2017 DigiBook Technologies (P) Ltd, All Rights Reserved. An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company

http://www.kopykitab.com/eBooks-For-GATEhttp://www.kopykitab.com/eBooks-for-teaching-examshttp://www.kopykitab.com/Competitive-Exams-eBooks/eBooks-For-AIEEE-NIT-JEE-MAINShttp://www.kopykitab.com/Competitive-Exams-eBooks/eBooks-For-UPSChttp://icsi.kopykitab.com/content/http://www.kopykitab.com/Chartered-Accountanthttp://www.kopykitab.com/Company-Secretaryhttp://icsi.kopykitab.com/#free-trialhttp://www.kopykitab.com/Shuchita-Prakashan-solved-scanners-cs-ca-books-ebooks-publishershttp://www.kopykitab.com/about_ushttp://www.kopykitab.com/KopyKitab-FAQhttp://www.kopykitab.com/Kopykitab-Privacy-Policyhttp://www.kopykitab.com/Terms-and-Conditionshttp://www.kopykitab.com/payment-informationhttp://icsi.kopykitab.com/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kopykitab.ereaderhttp://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=information/contacthttp://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=information/sitemap/index.php?route=account/referralhttp://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=account/accounthttp://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=account/orderhttp://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=account/wishlisthttp://www.kopykitab.com/index.php?route=account/newsletterindex.php?route=/account/profilehttps://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/v2.0/authorize?client_id=c10b242b-fb71-4e65-901c-94d505ff6ca7&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kopykitab.com%2Fmicrosoftonline&response_type=code&scope=openid+email+profile+https%3A%2F%2Foutlook.office.com%2Fmail.readhttps://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?client_id=1034096850870-11b3ebbb69vs8p5avn49ec14f677thbq.apps.googleusercontent.com&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kopykitab.com%2Fgoogle_oauth&response_type=code&scope=openid+email+profile+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.googleapis.com%2Fauth%2Fandroidpublisher

PRODUCT NOT FOUND!About KopyKitab.comInformationLinksMy Account

upkar prakashan, agra-2 · opp. hanuman mandir, ... this mantra can be clearly seen to be operating...

Documents