updated 11-22-01(c) 2001 tim bass1 n a m i n g c h e m i c a l f o r m u l a s nomenclature mr. bass
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Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 1
N a m i n g C h e m i c a l F o r m u l a sN a m i n g C h e m i c a l F o r m u l a s
Nomenclature
Mr. Bass
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 2
Naming Formulas
Binary Compounds– Metals bonded to nonmetals
Metals with only one oxidation number. Metals with more than one oxidations number.
– Modern Method– Latin Method (Read Only)
– Binary Acids– Nonmetal bonded to nonmetal.
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 3
Binary Compounds Binary Compounds
Binary Compounds: compounds composed Binary Compounds: compounds composed of two elements.of two elements.– A metal with a positive oxidation number A metal with a positive oxidation number
(cation).(cation).– An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number
(anion).(anion).
The first rule only applies to metals which The first rule only applies to metals which have have oneone oxidation number oxidation number..
Binary Compounds: compounds composed Binary Compounds: compounds composed of two elements.of two elements.– A metal with a positive oxidation number A metal with a positive oxidation number
(cation).(cation).– An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number An nonmetal with a negative oxidation number
(anion).(anion).
The first rule only applies to metals which The first rule only applies to metals which have have oneone oxidation number oxidation number..
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 4
Metals bonded to nonmetalsMetals bonded to nonmetals
Write the name of the positive element (metal) first.
Then write the stem of the negative element (nonmetal) with an “ide“ suffix.– Reminder:
Metals to the left of the step ladder. Nonmetals to the right of the step ladder.
Write the name of the positive element (metal) first.
Then write the stem of the negative element (nonmetal) with an “ide“ suffix.– Reminder:
Metals to the left of the step ladder. Nonmetals to the right of the step ladder.
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 5
Metals
Nonmetals
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 6
Metals bonded to NonmetalsMetals bonded to Nonmetals
Examples:
NaCl - sodium chloride
CaI2 - calcium iodide
Li4C - lithium carbide
Examples:
NaCl - sodium chloride
CaI2 - calcium iodide
Li4C - lithium carbide
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 7
Polyatomic ions:Polyatomic ions:
Compounds with polyatomic ions:– Remember, polyatomic ions behave like one
element. Write the name of the polyatomic ion without
changing its name.– If it is a cation it goes first in the name.– If it is an anion it goes second in the name.
It is important to recognize the polyatomic ions (memorize them!!!!).
Compounds with polyatomic ions:– Remember, polyatomic ions behave like one
element. Write the name of the polyatomic ion without
changing its name.– If it is a cation it goes first in the name.– If it is an anion it goes second in the name.
It is important to recognize the polyatomic ions (memorize them!!!!).
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Memorize Polyatomic List
MnO4-1 permanganate
OH-1 hydroxide CN-1 cyanide NH4
+1 ammonium
Other polyatomic ions are on Table of Common Ions and pg 796.
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 9
Polyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions
Examples:
NaOH - sodium hydroxide
MgSO4 - magnesium sulfate
CaCO3 - calcium carbonate
Examples:
NaOH - sodium hydroxide
MgSO4 - magnesium sulfate
CaCO3 - calcium carbonate
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Metals with more than one oxidation number. There are two methods of naming these
metals:– Modern Method (preferred method)– Latin Method (Should be able to read)
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 11
Modern Method
Students should be able to read or write chemical formulas using the modern method.
If the positive element has more than one possible oxidation number, its oxidation is shown as a roman numeral after its name.– Group 1 & 2 Metals all have just one oxidation number.– Check on the table of common ions to determine if
there is more than one oxidation number. If the name of an ion has a roman number by it there are more
than one possible oxidation numbers. Check in the book on pg 796.
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 12
Modern Method
E x a m p l e s :– PbO2 - lead IV oxide
– CuCl - copper I chloride– Au2O3 - gold III oxide
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 13
Latin Method
Students should be able to read the latin metal names.– If the metal is in its highest oxidation state add
the suffix –ic to the stem of the latin name for the element.
– If the metal is in its next-to-highest oxidation state add the suffix –ous to the stem of the latin name for the element.
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 14
Latin Names of Elements
Students must memorize this list.– While there are others, these are the primary
elements that we will use this method with.
Ferrium = Iron
Cupprium = Copper
Stannium = Tin
Ferric = Fe+3 Ferrous = Fe+2
Cupric = Cu+2Cuprous = Cu+1
Stannic = Sn+4 Stannous = Sn+2
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Reading Latin Names
1. Determine the oxidation number of the metal based upon the name.
2. Make the sum of the oxidation #s to be = 0.
– ferric chloride– cuprous oxide– stannic cyanide
Fe+3Cl-13
Cu+12O-2
Sn+4(CN-1)4
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Binary Acids
Binary Acid: Hydrogen bonded to a nonmetal in an aqueous solution (aq).
Must be in an aqueous solution otherwise it is named as a metal bonded to a nonmetal.
Use the prefix hydro- add the stem of the nonmetal and add the suffix –ic and the word acid.– This must be an aqueous solution!
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Examples of Binary Acids
HCl (aq) hydrochloric acid H2S (aq) hydrosulfuric acid
H3P (aq) hydrophosphoric acid
HCl (g) hydrogen Chloride H2S (g) hydrogen sulfide
H3P (g) hydrogen phosphide
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Nonmetals bonded to Nonmetals
Give the prefix- + stem of 1st nonmetal and then prefix + stem of 2nd nonmetal.– If the prefix for the 1st element is mono, drop
the prefix.
Oxidation #s are not used for this category of compounds!!!
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Prefix Chart
mono = 1 di = 2 tri = 3 quadra = 4 penta = 5
hexa = six hepta = seven octa = eight nepta = nine deca = ten
CO2
CO
Te2O
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
ditellurium monoxide
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 20
Naming Formulas
Binary Compounds– Metals bonded to nonmetals
Metals with only one oxidation number. Metals with more than one oxidations number.
– Modern Method– Latin Method (Read Only)
– Binary Acids– Nonmetal bonded to nonmetal.
Updated 11-22-01 (c) 2001 Tim Bass 21
Naming Chemical FormulasNaming Chemical Formulas
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