universal computing @ berkeley activities in the isrg / endeavour david culler randy katz, eric...
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Universal Computing @ Berkeley
Activities in the ISRG / Endeavour
David Culler
Randy Katz, Eric Brewer, Anthony Joseph, James Landay and others
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler
Philips Visit
8/5/99
8/5/99 Philips 2
Natural Tides of Innovation
Time
Integration
Innovation
Log R
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Personal ComputerWorkstationServer
2/99
8/5/99 Philips 3
Expanding the Spectrum
• Desktops– max out at few 100M– in your face– connected to the infrastructure
• Ubiquitous Devices– billions– sensors / actuators– smart space– PDAs / smartphones / PCs– heterogeneous
Service Path
• Scalable Infrastructure– highly available– persistent state (safe)– databases, agents– service programming environment
8/5/99 Philips 4
Issues Converge at the Extremes
• Powerful Services on “Small” Devices– massive computing and storage in the infrastructure
– active adaptation of form and content “on the way”
• Lean, Flexible Communication Building-Blocks– simplicity is the key to efficiency
• Federated System of Systems
• Availability, Automatic Configuration and Management
• Novel interfaces and usage models
• Plug it all together and have it DWYM!
• Computer Science focused on problems of scale!
8/5/99 Philips 5
Outline
• Brief perspective on current activities
• Directions ahead under the Endeavour effort
8/5/99 Philips 6
ISRG+ Projects
• Millennium Testbed– Culler, Demmel, … (Intel, NSF, UCB, Microsoft, Sun, IBM, Nortel)
• Ninja Proactive Infrastructure – Brewer, Culler, Katz, Joseph (ARPA)
• Iceberg: Computer/Telephony Integration– Katz, Joseph (Ericsson, ATT)
• Istore / Telegraph / Oceanic– Patterson, Hellerstein, Kubiatowitz, Brewer
• GUIR - novel user interfaces– Landay
• Universal Computing Lab– IBM
• => Endeavour Expedition to the 21st Century
8/5/99 Philips 7
Underlying Message
• It’s not just putting together good computer science research projects, its growing a community that “thinks” in the emerging world
8/5/99 Philips 8
NetworkInfrastructure
GSM BTS
Millennium Cluster
Millennium Cluster
WLANPager
IBMWorkPad
CF788
MC-16
MotorolaPagewriter 2000
Text
Speech
Image/OCR
306 Soda
326 Soda “Colab”
405 Soda
Ericsson
Smart SpacesPersonal Information Management
Fax
Experimental Testbed
8/5/99 Philips 9
Ninja Vision
• You walk into a room
You have complete, secure, optimized access to local devices and your private resources
• Your PDA connects to the local infrastructure and asks it to build a custom GUI
• Next, your PDA asks the infrastructure for a path out to your personal information space, where agents are processing your e-mail, v-mail, faxes, and pages
8/5/99 Philips 10
Push Services into an Active Infrastructure
Servers
Clients
ClientsClients
ClientsClients
Clients
Servers
Servers
Infrastructure Services
Open
=> enable Distributed Innovation of Scalable, Avail. Services
8/5/99 Philips 11
Embedded Untrusted Interface?
Key Store
DATEK(Trust Contract)Trusted
Clienthttps
Content Filter(pseudonym)
sRMI
NINJA Infrastructure Services
EmbededUntrusted
Client
https
8/5/99 Philips 12
One Time Passwd to pseudo-service
• Cannot increasing the security of the channel so decrease the value of the content.
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Informal Collaborative Interfaces
Meet in any environment Take free-form ink noteson Pilots or CrossPads*
1 2
* accumlate, share, transform in the infrastructure
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Building the Bazaar
• What we need is not just a new research project, but a new “computing culture”
=> Build a department-wide, universal wireless PDA infrastructure, smart spaces and a community to take it forward
• Initial Seed Fall 98 with IBM– 150+ IBM workpads + lots of cradles + IR + ???
– Pervade the first-year grad research projects
– bold experiment in the senior UI course
– accelerated the on-going research efforts
• Follow-on Universal Computing Lab
• Endeavour provides the framework
8/5/99 Philips 15
Some Lessons
• Communication is enabling– low-power wireless needs to be like IP
• Virtual Environment is important– Devices connect “into the infrastructure”
» Network HotSync, groupware, centralized e-mail
=> Need lean, clean communication substrate
• “User Service” is fundamental– not just profile and customization info
– routing point for security
• Much room for improvement in devices
• Development effort is the limiting factor– OSKI: 1 person for infrastructure, 2 for WorkPad
=> need complete distributed system debugging and simulation environment
The Endeavour Expedition:Charting the Fluid Information Utility
Randy H. Katz, Principal InvestigatorEECS Department
University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA 94720-1776
8/5/99 Philips 17
Vision/Objective
• Enhancing human understanding through information technology
– Make it dramatically more convenient for people to interact with information, devices, and other people
– Supported by a “planetary-scale” Information Utility
» Stress tested by challenging applications in decision making and learning
» New methodologies for design, construction, and administration of systems of unprecedented scale and complexity
– Figure of merit: how effectively we amplify and leverage human intellect
• A pervasive Information Utility, based on “fluid systems technology” to enable new approaches for problem solving & learning
8/5/99 Philips 18
Potential Impacts on Commercial Practice• Personal Information Mgmt is the Killer App
– Not corporate processing but management, analysis, aggregation, dissemination, filtering for the individual
• People Create Knowledge, not Data– Not management/retrieval of explicitly entered information,
but automated extraction and organization of daily activities
• Information Technology as a Utility– Continuous service delivery, on a planetary-scale,
constructed on top of a highly dynamic information base
• Beyond the Desktop– Community computing: infer relationships among
information, delegate control, establish authority
8/5/99 Philips 19
Proposed Approach• Information Devices
– Beyond desktop computers to MEMS-sensors/actuators with capture/display to yield
enhanced activity spaces
• InformationUtility
• InformationApplications
– High Speed/Collaborative Decision Making and Learning
– Augmented “Smart” Spaces: Rooms and Vehicles
• Design Methodology– User-centric Design with
HW/SW Co-design;
– Formal methods for safe and trustworthy decomposable and reusable components
“Fluid”, Network-Centric System Software
– Partitioning and management of state between soft and persistent state
– Data processing placement and movement
– Component discovery and negotiation
– Flexible capture, self-organization, and re-use of information
8/5/99 Philips 20
InformationUtility
InformationDevices
ApplicationsCollaboration Spaces
High SpeedDecision Making
LearningClassroom
Info AppliancesE-Book Vehicles
PDA
Handset
Laptop Camera
Smartboard MEMS Sensor/Actuator/Locator
Wallmount Display
Generalized UI Support
Proxy Agents
Human Activity Capture
Event Modeling Transcoding, Filtering, Aggregating
Statistical Processing/Inference
Negotiated APIs Self-Organizing Data
Interface Contracts Wide-area Search & Index
Nomadic Data & Processing
Automated Duplication
Distributed Cache Management
Wide-Area Data & Processing
Movement & Positioning
Stream- and Path-Oriented Processing & Data Mgmt
Non-Blocking RMI Soft-/Hard-State Partitioning
8/5/99 Philips
Information Devices
Information Utility
ApplicationsDesIgn
Methodology
MEMS Sensors/Actuators, Smart Dust, Radio Tags, Cameras, Displays, Communicators, PDAs
Fluid Software, Cooperating Components,Diverse Device Support, Sensor-CentricData Mgmt, Always Available, TacitInformation Exploitation (event modeling)
Rapid Decision Making, Learning,Smart Spaces: Collaboration Rooms,Classrooms, Vehicles
Base ProgramOption 1: Sys Arch for Diverse DevicesOption 2: Oceanic Data Utility
Option 4: Negotiation Arch for CooperationOption 5: Tacit Knowledge InfrastructureOption 6: Classroom TestbedOption 7: Scalable Heterogeneous Component-Based Design
Option 3: Capture and Re-Use
Task Structure Task 1: Base Program
Option 1: Systems Architecture for Vastly Diverse Computing Devices
Option 2: Implementation and Deployment of the Oceanic Data Information Utility
Option 3: Sensor-Centric Data Management for Capture and Reuse
Option 4: Negotiation Architecture for Cooperating Components
Option 5: Tacit Knowledge Infrastructure and High-Speed Decision-Making
Option 6: Information Management for Intelligent Classroom Environments
Option 7: Scalable Safe Component-based Design and UI Design Tools
Option 8: Scaled-up Field Trials
8/5/99 Philips 22
Base Program: Leader Katz
• Broad but necessarily shallow investigation into all technologies/applications of interest
– Primary focus on Information Utility
» No new HW design: commercially available information devices
» Only small-scale testbed in Soda Hall
– Fundamental enabling technologies for Fluid Software
» Partitioning and management of state between soft and persistent state
» Data and processing placement and movement
» Component discovery and negotiation
» Flexible capture, self-organization, info re-use
– Limited Applications
– Methodology: Formal Methods & User-Centered Design
8/5/99 Philips 23
Option 1: “System Architecture for Vastly Diverse Devices”Leader Culler
• Distributed control & resource management: data mvmt & transformation, not processing
– Path concept for information flow, not the thread
– Persistent state in the infrastructure, soft state in the device
– Non-blocking system state, no application state in the kernel
– Functionality not in device is accessible thru non-blocking remote method invocation
• Extend the Ninja concepts (thin client/fat infrastructure) beyond PDAs to MEMS devices, cameras, displays, etc.
8/5/99 Philips 24
Option 2: Implementation & Deploy-ment of Oceanic Data Info UtilityLeader Kubiatowicz
• Nomadic Data Access: serverless, homeless, freely flowing thru infrastructure
– Opportunistic data distribution
– Support for: promiscuous caching; freedom from administrative boundaries; high availability and disaster recovery; application-specific data consistency; security
• Data Location and Consistency– Overlapping, partially consistent indices
– Data freedom of movement
– Expanding search parties to find data, using application-specific hints (e.g., tacit information)
8/5/99 Philips 25
Option 3: Sensor-Centric Data Management for Capture/ReuseLeader Hellerstein
• Integration of embedded MEMS with software that can extract, manage, analyze streams of sensor-generated data
– Wide-area distributed path-based processing and storage
– Data reduction strategies for filtering/aggregation
– Distributed collection and processing
• New information management techniques– Managing infinite length strings
– Application-specific filtering and aggregation
– Optimizing for running results rather than final answers
– Beyond data mining to “evidence accumulation” from inherently noisy sensors
8/5/99 Philips 26
Option 4: Negotiation Architecture for Cooperating ComponentsLeader Wilensky
• Cooperating Components– Self-administration through auto-discovery and
configuration among confederated components
– Less brittle/more adaptive systems
• Negotiation Architecture– Components announce their needs and services
– Service discovery and rendezvous mechanisms to initiate confederations
– Negotiated/contractural APIs: contract designing agents
– Compliance monitoring and renegotiation
– Graceful degradation in response to environmental changes
8/5/99 Philips 27
Option 5: Tacit Knowledge Infra-structure/Rapid Decision MakingLeader Canny
• Exploit information about the flow of information to improve collaborative work
– Capture, organize, and place tacit information for most effective use
– Learning techniques: infer communications flow, indirect relationships, and availability/participation to enhance awareness and support opportunistic decision making
• New collaborative applications– 3D “activity spaces” for representing decision-making
activities, people, & information sources
– Visual cues to denote strength of ties between agents, awareness levels, activity tracking, & attention span
8/5/99 Philips 28
Option 6: Info Mgmt for Intelligent ClassroomsLeader Joseph
• Electronic Problem-based Learning– Collaborative learning enabled by information appliances
• Enhanced Physical and Virtual Learning Spaces– Wide-area, large-scale group collaboration
– Capture interaction once for replay
– Preference/task-driven information device selection
– Service accessibility
– Device connectivity
– Wide-area support
– Iterative evaluation
8/5/99 Philips 29
Option 7: Safe Component Design and UI Design ToolsLeader Sangiovanni
• Information Appliances as an application of hardware/software codesign
– Co-design Finite State Machines (CFSMs)
– Formal methods to verify safety from faults
– Safe partitioning of components into communicating subcomponents placed into the wide-area
• Model-based User Interface Tools– Information device user interfaces
– Multimodal interface design for variety of devices
8/5/99 Philips 30
Option 8: Scaled-up Field TrialsLeader Katz
• Testbed Rationale– Study impact on larger/more diverse user community
– Higher usage levels to stress underlying architecture
– Make commitment to true utility functionality
• Increasing Scale of Testbeds– Building-Scale
» Order 100s individuals
– Campus-Scale
» Order 1000s individuals
– City-Scale
» Order 100000 individuals
8/5/99 Philips 31
Putting It All Together
1. Diverse Devices
2. Data Utility
3. Capture/Reuse
4. Negotiation
5. Tacit Knowledge
6. Classroom
7. Design Methods
8. Scale-up
Devices
Utility
Applications
Fluid Software
Info Extract/Re-use
Group Decision MakingLearning
Component Discovery& Negotiation
Self-Organization
8/5/99 Philips 32
universal
Function: adjective
1 : including or covering all or a whole collectively or distributively without limit or exception
2 a : present or occurring everywhere b : existent or operative everywhere or under all conditions <universal cultural patterns>
3 a : embracing a major part or the greatest portion (as of mankind) <a universal state> <universal practices> b : comprehensively broad and versatile <a universal genius>
4 a : affirming or denying something of all members of a class or of all values of a variable b : denoting every member of a class <a universal term>
5 : adapted or adjustable to meet varied requirements (as of use, shape, or size)
8/5/99 Philips 33
F99 Universal Computing Lab w/ IBM
• Intelligence in the infrastructure– Production Ninja cluster servers
• Computing and connectivity wherever you go– compact notebooks
• and in the space around you– kiosk machines with touch-sensitive flat panels
• with novel form factors– more pilots
• plus a mix of wired ethernet, wireless, and IR
• rennovated offices to form a flexible shared space cutting across areas
8/5/99 Philips 35
Constrained Personal Device & Untrusted Gateway
Key Store
DATEK(Trust Contract)Trusted
Client
Content Filter(pseudonym)
https
EmbededUntrusted
Client
https
sRMIPersonalAppl
CF
NINJA
GWY RMIPXY ST
8/5/99 Philips 36
Example: Minimal Trader
• Shared secret between user and keystore
• keystore maps to service identity / authentication
• Content filter transcodes to very concise info to pilot
8/5/99 Philips 37
Uniform Access to Diverse Services
Key Store
RMIPXY
DATEK(Trust Contract)Trusted
Client
Content Filter(pseudonym)
https
EmbededUntrusted
Client
https
sRMIPersonalAppl GWY
CF
NINJA
Trade-R-usTrade-R-us
ST
8/5/99 Philips 38
Automated “Clients”, ...
Key Store
RMIPXY
DATEK(Trust Contract)Trusted
Client
Content Filter(pseudonym)
https
EmbededUntrusted
Client
https
sRMIPersonalAppl GWY
CF
NINJA
Trade-R-usTrade-R-us
BOT svc
ST
8/5/99 Philips 39
Fall’98 Project Excerpts
• E-Commerce and Security– Pay-Per-Use Services on the Palm Computing Platform (Mike Chen, Andrew Geweke)
– Secure Email Infrastructure for PDAs (Hoon Kang, Rob von Behren)
– SyncAnywhere - Secure Network HotSync (Mike Chen, Helen Wang)
• Groupware– Kiretsu - Ninja Instant Messaging Service (Matt Welsh, Steve Gribble)
– The MASH MediaPad - Shared Electronic Whiteboard for the PalmPilot (Yatin Chawathe)
– NotePals - Lightweight Meeting Support Using PDAs (Richard Davis)
– OSKI - Open Shared Kalendaring Infrastructure (Jason Hong, Brad Morrey, Mark Newman)
• OS and Communications– PalmRouter - Networking Sporadically Connected Devices (Andras Ferencz, Robert
Szewczyk)
• Numerous Architecture Studies
• Excellent UI Projects– Ink Chat, Nutrition/Excercise Tracker, Rendezvous - Meeting Scheduler