united states international university balancing tension between local needs and international...
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United States International University
Balancing Tension between Local Needs and
International TrendsAn African Perspective
Where is Kenya?
Where is USIU located?
OverviewLocal Needs
Demand for higher education greater than available resources
International TrendsExpansion of markets
TensionsQuality
• Human resources• Technology & distance learning
Relevancy• National development or market-driven• Curriculum design
Access• Increasing costs
The BalanceGovernment policiesPartnershipsExpectations
198,356 high school students graduated42,721 met the entry requirements of the public universities10,872 were admitted This represents 5% of the total school leavers and 25% of those admissible to public universities
(Nation, September 17, 2003)
Local NeedsLocal Needs
Government Strategies to Meet Growing Demands
Increase number of public universities
Increase student intakes
Encourage formation of private universities
Public UniversitiesOne public university with 2786 students
Largest first year intake – 20,837
Six public universities with 41,825 students
Private UniversitiesOne private university with 5 students
Private universities begin to experience major growthFive chartered private universities with 6920 students
1970
1990
2000
Higher Education -2004Public Universities
6 public universities
3,200 full-time faculty
44,000 students in regular programs
Estimated 33,000 in parallel (private) degree programs
Private Universities
6 chartered private universities; 10 awaiting charters
200 full-time faculty
9,340 students
21% of market share of regular programs49% of market share when combined with parallel programs
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
AY86/87 AY89/90 AY92/93 AY95/96 AY98/99 AY01/02
USIU Enrollments (1986 to 2003)
International International TrendsTrends
Expanding MarketsInternational Recruitment
National recruitment policies and marketing campaigns in Japan, Canada and AustraliaBritain has 8 million dollar recruitment campaign to recruit 75,000 international studentsGerman universities formed a consortium to recruit students from Europe and Latin AmericaAustralian government promotes its 39 universities11 billion dollars spent annually in the US by international students (Halliday, 1999)
African Market
Two African nations among top 30 withstudents leaving their countries to
attenduniversities in the US:
Kenya (20) - 6,229Nigeria (28) - 3,820
An estimated 30,000 Kenyan students enroll in foreign universities
National expansion
“Income generation”
Projected income from 33,000 parallel students- US$44,102,730
A Perfect Match?A Perfect Match?
Tension: Human Resources
Brain StrainMultiple teaching loads at different institutionsUse of local faculty to support distance learning programs and foreign campuses
Human Resources
RemunerationAssistant ProfessorMedian = US$975
Associate Professor
Median = US$1098
ProfessorMedian = US$1,200
Information Technology & Distance Learning
Tariffs for Internet bandwidth: 1024kbps – US$ 6750Infrastructure limitationsMax 512 kbps over telephone line – copper wiresContent development-faculty need training
Information Technology & Distance Learning
Telephone access is per minute: average cost for student is $475 for term
Hardware – most students cannot afford computers-
USIU has 1,400 lab users/ 2700 students
Most distance learning is paper based!
Relevant Academic Programming“Education for the development of the
nation”
1960’s tertiary education built on British model …support civil serviceNeed for technical educationKenya is consistent with common global pattern of 2/3’s studying humanities and 1/3 studying sciencesPrivate universities encouraged to introduce more science based programs in applied sciences
Market drivenUndergraduate
Business Administration1196
Information Systems and Technology 354International Relations 290Hotel Restaurant & Tourism Management 161Psychology 129Journalism 104
Master’sMBA/MIBA 263Counseling Psychology 61International Relations 43
Relevant Academic Programming
Curriculum Design National and /or multinational
approach
AccessReal average earnings in the modern sector was KSH171,114.40 per annum in 2002 or US$ 2195 per year.
(Economic Survey 2003)
Access: TuitionUndergrad Fees & Tution 2000-2001
172
149
136
132
131
110
91
- 50 100 150 200
USIU
Nazarene
Daystar
Baraton
Catholic
Kenya Methodist
St.Pauls College
Inst
itu
tio
n
Fees & Tuition in shs'000
Access: TuitionGraduate Tuition and Fees 2000-2001
151
150
149
140
135
125 130 135 140 145 150 155
Catholic
Daystar
USIU
UON
Nazarene
Inst
itutio
n
Tuition & Fees in shs'000
USIU/Alliant MBA Tuition Comparisons-2002/03Institution MBA
Tuition 2 semesters
USIU, Nairobi $1,395
University of Nairobi $1,423
Alliant Int’l University, San Diego
$12,420
BalancingBalancing
Government Policies-Universities ActCommission for Higher
Education (CHE) Established 1985 to:
Promote university educationAccredit universitiesCoordinate long term planning, scholarship and physical developmentApprove courses of studyProvide central admission services to public universitiesInspect public universities
Proposed Revised Universities Act
Oversight of campuses of foreign universities and distance learning programs to assure quality.
Government Policieson Local Expansion
PartnershipsKENETINASP –Library consortiumCHEPrivate Universities Vice Chancellor’s CommitteeInter University Council of Eastern AfricaOther Institutions
United States International University
Balancing Expectations
Anecdotal Story