united nations 65 years

8/8/2019 United Nations 65 Years

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TOWARDS UNITED NATIONS


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1918-1945

Collapse of League of Nations

WW II

Formation of United Nations


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1942-1945

Atlantic CharterJan.1,1942

Dumbarton OaksConference Oct.1944

Yalta ConferenceFeb.1945

San FranciscoConference June

1945


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INTRODUCTION

UNGA, UNSC, ECOSOC,Secretariat

ICJ and Trusteeship Council

PRINCIPALORGANS

UNESCO, IAEA, UNICEF,UNHCR,

ILO, WTO, IFAD, WHO, WB, IMF,

SPECIALIZEDAGENCIES

192 as of 2010MEMBERSTATES


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UNITED NATIONS AND THE

COLLECTIVE SECURITY PARADIGM

Indonesia/Holland: 1947

Koreas, 38th Parallel:

1950-1953

Suez Canal Crises: 1956UNEF


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1957-1964

Congo/Belgium 1960

Berlin Blockade:1961

Cuban Missile Crises: 1962


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1965-1979

Rhodesia/England:1965

US Hostages/Iran:1979

Soviet InterventionAfghanistan:1979


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1980-1994

Iran/Iraq War:1980Iran/Iraq War:1980

Iraqi Annexation ofKuwait:1991

Iraqi Annexation ofKuwait:1991

Apartheid:1994Apartheid:1994


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1995-2006

Balkan Crises:1991-1995

East Timor Independence2006

Israel/Lebanon War:2006


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UN PEACEKEEPING

United Nations Truce SupervisionOrg. In Middle East; 1948 topresent

UNTSO

UNMilitary ObserverGroup inIndia and Pakistan; 1948 topresent

UNMOGIP

United Nations PeacekeepingForce in Cyprus;1974 presentUNFICYP


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Continued

UN Disengagement ObserverForce (Israeli/Syrian ceasefire)GolanHeights 1974 to Present

UNDOF

UN Interim Force inLebanon;1978 to presentUNIFIL

UNMission for the Referendumin Western Sahara(Moroco);1991to present

MINURSO


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Continued

UN InterimAdministration Missionin Kosovo;1999 To Date

UNMIK

UNMission in Liberia;2003 to DateUNMIL

UN Operation in Cted'Ivoire;2004 to DateUNOCI


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Continued

UN StabilizationMission inHaiti;2004to Date

MINUSTAH

UNMission in theSudan 2005 to DateUNMIS

UN Integrated Mission inTimor-Leste;2006 toDate

UNMIT


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Continued

AfricanUnion/UNHybridoperation in Darfur;2007 todate

UNAMID

UNMission in the CentralAfrican Republic andChad;2007 to date

MINURCAT

UN Stabilization Mission inthe Democratic Republic ofthe Congo; July 2010

MONUSCO


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DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

UN GENERAL ASSEMBLYRESOLUTIONS

UN SECURITY COUNCILRESOLUTIONS

JUDGMENTS OF ICJ


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ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS

General Agreement on Tariffand Trade (TradeLiberalization)

GATT

Exists to ensure parity and uniformity ofInternational Trade among the nationstatesWTO

Funded Projects to ensure Poverty freeWorld

Advancement of Loans for the fledglingand fragile economies

WorldBank/IMF


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Continued

Funded Projects on Industry, Power Production,Transport, Communication, Trade, Health,Education, Community Service and PublicAdministration Etc

UNDP

UN Conference on Trade and Development

Promotion of International TradeUNCTAD

Food and Agricultural Organization (Increase theproductivity of Food)FAO


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Continued

World Food Program ( ReviewsWorld Food Situation andrecommends remedial measures)

WFP

International Fund for AgriculturalDevelopmentIFAD

International Labor Organization(Improves the working conditions forLaborers)

ILO


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SOCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS

UNO is instrumental in the Protection ofHuman Rights worldwide.

HUMAN RIGHTS

UN Fund For Democracy (UNDEF)Promotes Democracy and ElectoralReforms through Civil Society

PROMOTION OFDEMOCRACY

UN High Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR)

PROTECTION OFREFUGEES


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Continued

UN Fund for Women(UNIFEM)

WOMENEMPOWERME

NT

UN Fund for Drug AbuseControl (UNFDAC)

NARCOTICESFREE WORLD

UN International ChildrensEmergency Fund(UNICEF)

PRESERVATION OF THECHILDREN


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Long Term Challenges to United

Nations

Global Terrorism

Multi-Polarity

Regional Blocks,Organizations


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Continued

Non-State Actors

Palestine-Israel Conflict

Kashmir Dispute


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Continued

Weapons of Mass

Destruction

Accidental Collapse


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Short Term Challenges

Stateless persons and

Refugees

Famines & Food Crises

MDGs


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ADMINSTRATIVE CRITICISM

A Bargain at $2.5 Billion per annumWashington Post, March 25, 2008

"excessively bureaucratic anddysfunctional organization, indesperate need of an overhaul. US SenatorRod Grams ,1990

HUGEBUREAUCRACY

USA, UK, RUSSIA, CHINA and FRANCEVETO CLUB

like a private club of hereditary elite-members

Erskine ChildersFait accompli


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PHILOSOPHICAL CRITICISM

Tower of Babble: How the UN Has Fueled the

Global ChaosDore Gold, Former Ambassador to

UN

MORALRELATIVISM

John Birch Society, www.jbs.org

Get US out of UN Campaign 1959GLOBALISM

Forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations in

Reagan and Bush Senior and Junior regimes

UNFPA( UN Population Fund) Perus Coercive

Sterilization Mid 90s

POPULATIONCONTROL &ABORTION


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DIPLOMATIC AND POLITICAL

CRITICISM

UN.G.A Res.181, 1947

UN.SC Res.242, 1967

ISRAEL-PALESTINE

CRISES

India and Pakistan atloggerheads Since 1947

KASHMIRDISPUTE

Genocide/civil War 2003-2010

Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) VsJustice and Equality Movement(JEM)

DARFURCRISES


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SCANDALS

1995-2003, Iraq could sell oilin world market to sustain

herself

OIL FOR FOODPROGRAM

Child prostitution in Cambodia,Mozambique and Bosnia

HAITI and Sudan recently

PEACEKEEPING

CHILD SEXUALABUSE

SCANDAL


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LIMITATIONS OF UNO

Financial Dependence

Human Resource Dependence

Military and Police troops

Big Powers untenable Influence


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COMPARISON WITH LEAGUE OF

NATIONS

Total Members 63

USA did not ratify the Covenant1920-1946

Costa Rica Withdrawal 1925

Brazil, Germany, Japan1920-1933

Paraguay, Guatemala, Honduras,

El-Slavador, Chile, Venezuela,1934-1938


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CONTINUED

Hungary, Peru, Spain

USSR was expelled, 19391939

Romania,

Haiti,1940-42

Germanys invasion of Czecho-Poland

Italy's Occupation of Albania

Three Major

Incidents,


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ANALYSIS

VETO CLUB Vs

Uniting for Peace Resolution

377

MONOPOLIZED

REPRESENTATI

ON

POLITICAL CHAOS

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL& CULTURAL CRISES

WORLDWITHOUT

UNO


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united nations 65 years

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