unit05 layout types service and retail
TRANSCRIPT
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Facilities Planning- Unit 05
Layout Types: Service and Retail
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Layout Types: Service and Retail - 2
Hierarchy of Facility PlanningLayout Design
Facility
Planning
Structural Design
Facility
Location
Facility
Design
Handling SystemDesign
Layout
Design
Source for Figure: Tompkins and White,Facilities Planning, 2nd edition, Wiley
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Why is the working environment so important?
A persons work environment is very important. After all, we
spend nearly as much time at work as we do at home. According
to a recent North American Survey, nearly 50% of workers rank
their work environment as the most critical element of job
satisfaction. In fact, they ranked environment above praise and
recognition, compensation and benefits, job security, and
promotions.
Office Space Planning
Source:
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Office Space Planning
What makes a high quality work environment? The five major elementsof Office Space Design:
Comfort Assuring that work stations are adjustable and suited to thetask, whether sitting, standing, spending hours at the computer or onthe phone
Efficiency Locating work teams in convenient proximity, placing
equipment near workers who use it most Communication Organizing each department for the most effective
means of communicating internally and externally with co-workers andcustomers
Productivity Maintaining a logical flow throughout the office
Effectiveness Establishing clear goals and objectives for the workenvironment
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Office Space Planning Checklist
Consider the size of your space based on your current needs andyour projections for growth
Analyze the traffic flow of your office, placing individuals who meetwith clients frequently in an easily accessible location.
Place workers in near proximity who frequently collaborate onprojects
Review office machinery (copier, fax, printers, etc.) and placeequipment near the employees who use it most.
When using systems furniture, lay out your plan carefully making
sure to include any columns, bump-outs or irregularities in thespace.
Source:
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Office Space Planning Checklist - continued
Always measure carefully and include the sizes of office furniture and
system panels in your calculations to avoid narrow and cramped walkwaysand work spaces.
Plan the cabling and wiring for your telecommunications and electronicequipment. Make sure each work space is adequately equipped and nocables will be running down or across the aisles.
Be sure to plan for adequate storage and equipment areas to avoid clutterand safety hazards.
Investigate code requirements and city or county permits when moving orreconfiguring your office space
Discuss ergonomic needs with your employees -- computer keyboards,monitor placement, adjustable chairs and equipment, telephone headsets,
lighting, etc.
Source:
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Office Layout Design - Ergonomics
1. AVERAGE EYE HEIGHT STANDING
2. AVERAGE EYE HEIGHT SEATED
3. NATURAL ANGLE OF VISION4. RANGE OF VISION
5. MAXIMUM BODY BREADTH
6. MAXIMUM BODY DEPTH
7. ONE - WAY PASSAGE - MIN
8. TWO - WAY PASSAGE - MIN
9. NORMAL REACH HEIGHT SEATED10. EXTENDED REACH HEIGHT SEATED
11. WORKSTATION DEPTH - RECEPTION
12. WORKSTATION DEPTH MIN - MAX
13. V.D.U. WORKSTATION DEPTH MIN - MAX
14. SHELF / CABINET DEPTH
15. SCREEN HEIGHTS
This universal guide to human dimensions anddistances may be a useful reference in planning
for office partition concepts system.
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Office Layout Design
Design positions people,
equipment, & offices for
maximum information flow
Arranged by process or product
Example: Payroll dept. is byprocess
Various flow analysis tools, SLP,
etc. can be used for space and
layout planning.
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Office Layout DesignRelationship Chart
1 President
O
2 Costing UA A
3 Engineering I
O
4 Presidents Secretary
12
3
Ordinary
closeness:
President (1)
& Costing (2)
Absolutely
necessary:President (1) &
Secretary (4)
4
I = Important
U = Unimportant
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Office Layout DesignRelationship Chart
1 President
2 Chief Technology Officer
3 Engineers Area4 Secretary
5 Office entrance
7 Equipment cabinet8 Photocopy equipment
9 Storage room (1)
10 Storage room (2)
U
II
A
UO
E
I
O
E
I
O
A
O
A
X
O
U
E
A
I
I
E
U
A
II
E
AX
U
U
O
O
UO
Ordinary OKO
UnimportantU
Not desirableX
Important
I
Especially
importantE
Absolutely
necessaryA
ClosenessVal.
I
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Office Layout DesignTypes of Arrangements
Conventional office
Landscape office
Open plan office
See supplementary document for additional information
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Office Layout Design - Example
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Office Layout Design -Example
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Office Layout Design - Example
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Office Layout Design - Example
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Office Layout Design Considerations
Almost half of US workforce works in an office environment
Human interaction and communication are the primary factorsin designing office layouts
Layouts need to account forphysical environment and
psychological needs of the organization One key layout trade-off is between proximity and privacy
Open concept offices promote understanding & trust
Flexible layoutsincorporating office landscaping help tosolve the privacy issue in open office environments
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Trend toward open spaces. Low divider walls.
Why ??
Studies have shown that workers that are in close proximity to
each other are more likely to have greater understanding,
tolerance, and trust for one another.
Office Layout Design
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Other Layout Considerations:
people in groups have frequent contact
some groups interact frequently with other groups
conference rooms may be required
some service is best suited to private offices - for other service, an open
office environment is best differences between aesthetics of office areas where customers go versus
where they do not go
need for aisles
shared facilities for equipment (copier, etc) storage for supplies
restrooms, coffee rooms, etc.
Office Layout Design Considerations
S i L t d L ti
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Service Layout and LocationRetail Stores
Situation:
Any business where customers go to
purchase products. Examples:
grocery store
clothing store
Objective:
Maximize net profit per square
foot of space.
Expose customers to as many
products as possible
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Location Considerations for Retail and
Service Business
Trade area size
Retail compatibility
Degree of competition
Transportation network Physical, racial, or
emotional barriers
Customer traffic
Adequate parking Room for expansion
Visibility
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Central Business Districts (CBDs)
Neighborhood locations
Shopping centers and malls
Neighborhood shopping centers
Community shopping centers
Regional shopping centers
Power centers
Near competitors
Outlying areas
Home-based businesses
Service Layout and LocationRetail Stores Location
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Neighborhood Shopping Centers
3 to 12 Stores; anchor is supermarket or drugstore
Community Shopping Centers
12 to 50 stores; anchor is department or variety store
Regional Shopping Malls 50 to 100 stores; anchor is one or more major department
stores
Power Centers
Combines drawing power of a mall with convenience ofneighborhood shopping center
Service Layout and LocationRetail Stores Location Shopping Centers and Malls
R t il St L t
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Retail Store LayoutElements That Compose the Store Environment
Sore Planning
Space Allocation
Layout
Circulation
Visual Communications
Retail Identity
Graphics
POS Signage
Store Image
And
Productivity
Store Design
Exterior DesignAmbiance
Lighting
Merchandising
Fixture SelectionMerchandise Presentation
Visual Merchandising
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Retail Store LayoutExternal Factors (looking from outside)
Size - Is the building large enough to accommodate the
business?
Create the proper image or "personality" for the business in the
customer's eyes.
Develop creative window and in-store displays.
Choose appropriate storefront design.
Entrances must invite customers in.
Building must comply with Americans with Disabilities Act.
Pay attention to the business sign, the most direct method of
reaching potential customers.
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Retail Store LayoutBuilding Interiors Considerations
Ambient conditions - background characteristics
such as lighting, sound, smell, and temperature.
Spatial layout and functionality - which involvecustomer circulation path planning
Signs, Symbols, and Artifacts - characteristics of
building design that carry social significance
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutArranging Merchandise
Impulse Goods
Place where they can easily be seen and near or at the
register/checkout area
Customer-Necessary goods
Place at the back of the store or in out-of-the-way placeswhere customers must seek them out.
Entry Areas
Put goods at right front of store to catch customers eye as
they enter the store.
Retailing Truism - The more merchandise customers are
exposed to, the more they tend to buy.
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutAllocating Spaces
Types of space needed:
Back room
Office and other functional spaces
Aisles, services areas, and other non-selling areas ofthe main sales floor(Convenience services: coffee shop, mail,barbershop, banking, video rental, etc.)
Wall merchandise space
Floor merchandise space
R t il St L t
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Retail Store Layout
Design maximizes product exposure to customers Decision variables
Store flow pattern
For quasi manufacturing services, approaches used to design
and analyze process and product layouts may be used.
Provide for customer waiting lines.
Video
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store Layout - Layout TypesGrid Pattern: Rectangular with parallel aisles; formal; controls
traffic flow; uses selling space efficiently.Examples: Supermarkets and self-service discount stores
Display Racks
Racks
Racks
RestroomsStorageOffice
Disp
lay
DisplayRacksC
heck-out
Door
Door
Retail Store Layout
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Office Carts
Check-out
Grocery Store
MeatBread
M
ilk
Produce
FrozenFo
ods
Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Grid Pattern
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Grid
Grid Layout is a type of store layout in which counters andfixtures are placed in long rows or runs, usually at rightangles, throughout the store.
Advantages Disadvantages
Low cost
Customer familiarity
Merchandise exposure
Ease of cleaning Simplified security
Possibility of self-service
Plain and uninteresting
Limited browsing
Stimulation of rushed shopping
behavior
Limited creativity in decor
Retail Store Layout L t T
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Retail Store Layout - Layout Types
Free-Flow Pattern: Free-flowing; informal; creates friendly
environment; flexible Small specialty shops
Door
Doo
r
Racks
Display Racks
Check-ou
t
Office
Storage
Storage
Display
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Free Flow
Feature
Display Table
Trans. Counter
Apparel Store
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Free Flow
Free-Flow Layout is a type of store layout in which fixturesand merchandise are grouped into free-flowing patterns onthe sales floor.
Advantages Disadvantages
Allowance for browsing
and wandering freely
Increased impulse
purchases
Visual appeal
Flexibility
Loitering encouraged
Possible confusion
Waste of floor space
Cost
Difficulty of cleaning
The Disney Stores Effective Use
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e s ey Sto e s ect e Use
of the Free-Flow Design
Approximately 250 million consumersvisit Disneys entertainment retail
outlets each year. New store designs
showcase merchandise in an
engaging and contemporary fashion,
keeping pace with evolving retailtrends.
Technological elements - including a
front-of-store media wall that
engages guests with Disneyprogramming, and interactive kiosks-
setting the stage for the Disney Store
in the 21st century.
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Loop
Loop Layout is a type of store layoutin which a major customer aisle
begins at the entrance, loops through
the store, usually in the shape of a
circle, square, rectangle, and then
returns the customer the front of thestore.
Advantages: Exposes customers to
the greatest amount of merchandise
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutLayout TypesLoop (Kohls Floor Plan)
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Spine
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Spine
Spine Layout is a type of store layout in which a single
main aisle runs from the front to the back of the store,
transporting customers in both directions, and where on
either side of this spine, merchandise departments usingeither a free-flow or grid pattern branch off toward the
back aisle walls.
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutLayout Types Other Categories
Boutique: Divides store into a series of individualshopping areas, each with its own theme; unique
shopping environment; small department stores
Service Type Layout: A design that gives customersdirect access to merchandise
Retail Store Layout
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Retail Store LayoutFood Store Design Example
Considerations:
Locate the High Draw Items at the peripheral areas of the store
dairy
bakery
deli meat market
Put impulse items at isles closest to entrance
Try to make customers go down the entire length of all isles
market basket of goods - spread out
Distribute the Power Items to both sides of isles - forcing customers to gofrom side to side of each isle - increases exposure
Extensive use of end-isle locations
Use front entrance to set tone for the store - first appearances
Retail Store LayoutS
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Food Store Design Example.
Note: Dairy, bread, high drawer items in corners
Layout in Services
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Layout in ServicesTaco Bell Restaurant Floor Plans
Technology in Services
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Technology in Services
Service Industry Example
Financial services Debit cards, electronic funds transfer, ATMs, Internet stock
trading
Education Electronic bulletin boards, on-line journals
Utilities and
government
Automated one-man garbage trucks, optical mail sorters,
scanners, flood warning systemsRestaurants andfoods
Wireless orders from waiters to kitchen, robot butchering,transponders on cars to track drive-throughs
Communication Electronic publishing, interactive TV
Hotels Electronic check-in/check-out, electronic key/lock systemsWholesale/retailtrade
Point-of-sale terminals, e-commerce, electroniccommunication between store and supplier, bar coded data
Technology in Services - Continued
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Technology in Services - Continued
Service Industry ExampleTransportation Automatic toll booths, satellite-directed navigation systems,
route planning, progress monitoring
Health care On-line patient monitoring, on-line medical information
systems, robotic surgery, expert system diagnosis
assistanceAirlines Ticketless travel, scheduling, Internet ticket sales, improved
navigation and route planning
Supplement Store Image, Visual
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pp g ,
Merchandising, and Visual Communications
Store Image
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Store Image
L.L. Bean offers relaxed,classic apparel styles to its
customers. To help convey
this image, L.L. Beans
catalog and advertisingreinforces their image. For
catalog customers, the
catalog is the store
environment.
Store Image
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g
By incorporating a cafas an integral part of
Barnes & Noble
bookstores, a very
relaxing and casualambiance is created.
Visual Merchandising
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Heres sampling of the
techniques stores use togenerate those sales: Getm
coming and going. Escalators
are a focal point of many stores.
That makes them ideal locations
for promotional signs and for
impulse items like perfume.
g
Visual merchandising Is the artistic display of merchandise andtheatrical props used as scene-setting decoration in the store.
Visual Merchandising
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Lead them to temptation.
Department-store design
incorporates a gauntlet of
goodies to stimulate impulse
buys. Cosmetics, a stores most
profitable department, should
always be at the main entrance
to the store.
Visual Merchandising
Visual Merchandising
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Its all in the display
When an item, such as a watch
or a scarf, is displayed in a glass
case, it implies luxury. An item
in a glass case with a lot of
space around it implies real
luxury.
Visual Merchandising
Visual Merchandising
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Color is king
Retailers believe consumers are
more apt to buy clothes that
appear in full size and color
assortments.
Visual Merchandising
Visual Merchandising
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Suggestion positioning
Once the customer has already
purchased one item, its easier
to sell an additional item. Thusapparel retailers strategically
place impulse buys like hair
bows and costume jewelry by
the cashier the same way
supermarket checkouts display
candy and magazines.
Visual Merchandising
Visual Communications
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Visual Communications
Name, Logo, and RetailIdentity
Institutional Signage
Directional, Departmental,
and Category Signage
Point-of-Sale (POS)
Signage
Lifestyle Graphics
Visual Communications
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Directional, Departmental, and Category Signage
Directional and Departmental Signage are large signs
that are usually placed fairly high, so they can be seen
throughout the store.
Category Signage are smaller than directional anddepartmental signage and are intended to be seen from a
shorter distance; they are located on or close to the
fixture itself where the merchandise is displayed.
Visual Communications
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Departmental Signage
Departmental signage
serve as the highest level
of organization in an
overall signage program.
These signs are usually
large and placed fairly high
to they can be seen
throughout the store.
Visual Communications
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Category Signage
Category signage helps
consumers negotiate
throughout the store to
find the product categories
they are looking for. The
size of category signage
varies widely from a
lettering that is a few feetin height to merely inches.
Visual CommunicationsP i t f S l (POS) Si
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Point-of-Sale (POS) Signage
Point-of-Sale Signage Is relativelysmall signage that is placed very
close to the merchandise and is
intended to give details aboutspecific items.
POS signage for clearance and sale
items tend to be in red to draw a
consumers attention.
Visual CommunicationsLifest le Graphics
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Lifestyle Graphics
The Limited uses lifestyle
graphics to convey the
image of the product to the
consumer. Here theLimited conveys the casual
nature of one apparel line.