Unit One Review

English IV

Kenning

Metaphorical compounds words or phrases substituted for simple nouns– Example: Whale’s home—ocean– Giver of gold—king

Archetype

A pattern in literature that is found in a variety of works from different cultures throughout the ages. It can be a plot, a character, an image, or a setting, for example, association of death and rebirth with winter and spring is an archetype of many cultures.

Epic Poem

A long narrative poem on a serious subject (like good vs. evil) presented in an elevated or formal style.

Traces the adventures of a hero whose actions consist of courageous and even superhuman deeds

Often represent the ideals and values of a nation or race

Typically address universal issues, such as good vs. evil, life and death, sin and redemption

Example: Beowulf

Epic Hero

Larger than life figure who embodies ideals of nation or race

Take part in dangerous adventures and accomplish great deeds

Undertake long, difficult journeys Display great courage and superhuman

strength

Tone

Author’s attitude toward his subject, his characters, or his audience

Examples: Serious, sincere, cheerful, condescending, humorous, depressed, guilty, matter-of-fact

Direct characterization

When a writer directly states what a character is like. – When a writer tells the reader what to make of a

character. – Example: James was a wonderful person.

Everybody loved him.

Indirect Characterization

When a writer reveals information about a character and his personality through that character’s thoughts, words, and actions, along with how other characters respond to that character. A character is described, but it is left to the reader to decide what the description says about him or her.

– Example: James rescued a dog from a pile of rubble after an old barn collapsed. The dog follows him everywhere, now, even to the soup kitchen where James volunteers on the weekends.

Alliteration

Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.– Example: Savannah said that Simon sounded sad

on Saturday.

Similes

Simile: Comparison using like or asExamples:

He was as happy as a lark.

The sea was as smooth as glass.

She sang like an angel.

Metaphors

Comparison without using like or as. Describing one thing in terms of another.– The snow was a clean white sheet.– The children were black canvases.– His legs were rubber.– It’s raining cats and dogs.

Proposals and Abstracts

Purpose of a business abstract: To provide readers with a clear summary of the project, including the reasoning behind it (research) and how it will be carried out– Includes main point (thesis statement)– Summary of research– Plan of action or intent– Conclusion

Business Letters

Purpose: To carry on formal business correspondence– Examples: a cover letter, filing a formal complaint,

propose a business endeavor, to introduce yourself to new clients, to define a problem and propose a solution

First step: Identify your audience and your purpose to determine how to write your letter

Components of a Business Letter

Sender’s Address Date Recipient’s Address Salutation First paragraph (Introduction)

– Friendly greeting– State main point (but don’t go into detail yet)

Body– Supporting details to justify your purpose.

Background information, statistics, first hand accounts. A few short paragraphs to support your reasoning.

Closing Paragraph– Restate your purpose and why it is important– If employment is your goal, consider ending with contact information– Thank the reader for his or her time– Use some closing like Sincerely, then leave a little space to sign your name. Type your name below

(because handwritten signatures are often illegible

Format

Block format: Paragraphs are NOT indented, there is a space between them instead.

Format– Times New Roman 12 pt font– Single spaced– Text flush left– One inch margins– Proofread (it’s a good idea to wait a day between writing

and sending a letter so you have time to look it over and make sure everything is correct.)

Job Interviews

Arrive early Turn off cell phone, spit out gum Dress appropriately Greet the interviewer with a (firm) handshake and a

smile. Answer questions thoughtfully

– Avoid saying you don’t know the answer to a question, instead, ask them to repeat the question or provide clarification, or for a moment to think of a response.

– Avoid asking about pay during a job interview, it can make you seem solely concerned with money

Job Interview

After the interview you should:– Thank the interviewer for taking the time to speak

with you.– Follow about a week later to see if they have

come to a decision– Send a thank you card or letter to the interviewer,

even if you didn’t get the job

Other things on the test

Editing skills (you will need to find and correct ten mistakes in a passage of text)

Basic reading comprehension of The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime

Reading inference skills Writing