Unit III: Geography and Global IssuesPopulation: Canada and the World

Introduction Geography is….?

 The study of the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity.

Two main areas of Geography: 1) Physical Geography

Deals with natural features of the earth 2) Human Geography

Focuses on Human interaction with the environment, and the effects of human activity on the environment

We will focus, for now, on Human Geography

Vocabulary Towards the end of the Chapter we will have a

vocabulary quiz using the following list of words:

ALL bold words found in Chapter 13 There are a total of 25 words, don’t miss any!

Today’s Objectives explain the significance of changes in

world population with reference to − population pyramids − distribution − density − demographic transition models

interpret population pyramids and the demographic transition model

Human Population Population studies are one of the primary

aspects of Human Geography How does the earths changing human

population effect the environment? Is human population increasing or decreasing?

What parts of the world is human population increasing at the highest rate?

What is China’s population? What is Canada’s population? Which country has the world’s largest

population? Which country will pass it by the year 2025?

Understanding Population Change

Two useful tools we have that can help us understand causes/reasons for population change are: 1) Population Pyramids 2) Demographic Transition Model

Population Pyramids A graph that shows the age and sex

structure of a population 4 main models or “shapes”: (Fig 13-11)

Early expanding Expanding Stable Contracting

Each shape is typical for populations at different stages of population development Examples in Fig. 13-10

Population Pyramids

China Population Pyramid What pyramid model does China have?

What do you notice about the male/female populations?

Canada Population Pyramid What pyramid model does Canada have?

What difference do you notice between Canada and China?

Homework Make a list of the vocabulary words for

chapter 13 and write the definitions Complete the handout and population

pyramid from the package I give you

Birth rates/death rates crude birth rate:

Calculated by dividing the number of births in 1 year by the population, then x1000

Ex.) If Canada had 100,000 births in one year, birth rate would be approx. (100,000/35,000,000) x 1000 = 2.85 birth rate

crude death rate: Calculated by dividing the number of deaths in 1

year by the population, then x1000 Subtracting deaths from births gives the rate of

natural population increase

Demographic Transition Model

The demographic transition model shows changes over a period of time in three elements: Birth rates Death rates Trends in overall population numbers (natural

population change)…does not include immigration/emigration

Assumes countries will pass through periods of industrialization on the way to reduced birth and death rates

Figure 13-8

Demographic Transition Model

Figure 13-8 and 13-9 Refer to your handout, and with a

partner, try to answer the questions on Figure 13-9 We will look at this after 15 minutes

Homework: Answer questions 1-4, Figure 13-13, page 327, and activity questions 1-4, page 328.

Analyzing Population DataDistribution, Density, and Dependency Ratios

Today’s Objectives collect and analyse population data

related to distribution density dependency ratio

Describe possible responses to population growth

Age Structure of Population The age structure of a population helps us

understand the reasons for population change

Populations divided into: Children up to age of 15 Working adults from age 16-64 Adults age 65 and older

This gives the dependency ratio, or proportion of the population being supported by the working age group

Age structure of Canada Children and older people put pressure

on society for: Medical, education, housing, etc

1996: Canada population included: 21% children, 12% older adults, so… Dependency ratio of 33%

This means one in every three people in Canada isn’t earning their own money

Age structure of other countries Consider a country with a much higher

birth rate than Canada. What would happen to the dependency ratio?

Much higher! Bangladesh = 53% (47% children, 6%

65+) What problems might arise in the future?

China’s Solution How many of you have no brothers or sisters? As you probably know, in the late 1970’s, the

Chinese government instituted the family planning, or one-child policy

The hope was to eventually reduce the world’s largest population (Fig. 13-17, pg. 330)

Advantages? More spending money, reduced pressure on

environment, agriculture Disadvantages?

Aging population, personal freedom compromised, female infanticide

China’s Aging Population

Where do 6 billion people live? Population distribution refers to the way

people are spaced over the Earth’s Surface Ecumene is the part of the world that is

permanently inhabited Approx. 35% of the world’s land area is not

suitable for inhabitation About 50% of the world’s population lives on 5%

of the land! About 90% of the world’s population lives on 20%

of the land! 67% live within 500 km of the ocean (Figure 13-

20, pg. 332)

Population Distribution

Where are we all from? Figure 13-21, pg. 333 If all the people on Earth could be shrunk

to 100 people, there would be: 57 Asians 21 Europeans 14 North/South Americans 8 Africans

So where do you think most people on earth live?

Population Density Population density describes the number of

people in a given area (Fig. 13-22, pg. 333) Crude densities are calculated by:

Population ÷ Area Not necessarily useful, for example:

Canada has a much lower population density than China, but a far greater percentage of Canadians live in large cities where population density is much higher

Rural and Urban differ dramatically in most countries

Many reasons for different countries pop. densities

Population Density

Factors affecting population density Physical factors and Human factors play a role

in determining the density of world populations Take a look at Figure 13-23 on page 334.

Some more vocabulary Arable: land that can be used for farming Carrying capacity: the number of people

that can be sustained by an area of land Nutritional density: measure of how

much nutrition can be produced from an area of land (area of good growing conditions have

higher nutritional density than areas with poor growing conditions)

Assignment Interpreting a diagram pg. 334, 1-2 Looking back, pg. 338, 5