Unit II: Tissues and Integumentary System

2.1 - TissuesChapter 4

Written Response #1

1. What is a tissue?

2. What are four major types of tissues?

Tissue

• Definition: a group or mass of similar cells working together to perform common functions.

Tissue Concept Map Poster -Activity

Epithelial Tissue

• Covers all body surfaces both inside and out.

• Main glandular (glands) tissue.

• Attached to underlying connective tissue at the basement membrane

• Usually has no vascular tissue - blood supply

• Cells reproduce rapidly, results in rapid healing

• Cells tightly packed together.

Epithelial Tissue

• Written Response 2: If a girl weighs 100 pounds. How much of her weight is skin?

Written Response 3: Where does all the dead skin you shed go?• It takes about 27 days

for the outer layer of skin to shed and be replaced; that works out to 1.5 pounds of skin cells per year.

• Skin Cell gun used to replace skin cells of burn victims.

Epithelial tissue

• simple = single layer

• stratified = multiple layers

• squamous = flat

• cuboidal = square

• columnar = column (rectangle)

• Naming is based on description

• One type of tissue can be arranged in different forms, each form has a different function.

• How might the “shape determine

the function?

Written Response #4

1. List the general characteristics of epithelial tissues.

2. Describe the structure of each type of epithelium

3. Describe the special functions of each type of epithelium.

Simple Squamous

• Form: flat and thin

• Function: diffusion and filtration; air sacs in lungs, walls of capillaries

Simple Cuboidal

• Function: Secretion and absorption

• Found in kidneys tubules, ducts and covering the ovaries

Simple Columnar

• Function: Secretion and absorption

• Found in digestive tract and uterus

• Contains goblet cells to secrete mucus

• Can have microvilli

Stratified Squamous

• Multi layer squamous, functions in protection

• Found in skin and mouth

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

• Consists of two or three layers.

• Function: Provides more protection than single layers

• Found: larger ducts of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas, and parts of the reproductive systems.

• Tissues often come in layers on the body -superficial cuts on the skin may need to be stitched if they also go through the underlying tissue.

This will definitely need

stitches!

Pseudostratified Columnar

• Single layer, nuclei are uneven which gives it a layered appearance

• Can have goblet cells and cilia

• Location: lining air passages and tubes of the reproductive system

• Function: Secretion and cilia-aided movement

Transitional Epithelium

• Stretchable

• Blocks diffusion (no leaking)

• Found in the urinary bladder

Urinary Bladder

Written Response #5

1. Distinguish between exocrine glands and endocrine glands.

2. Explain how exocrine glands are classified.

3. Distinguish between a serous cell and a mucous cell.

Glandular Epithelium

• Cells are specialized to produce and secrete substances

• They make up the GLANDS• exocrine glands

• endocrine glands

• salivary, sweat hormones

Written Response #6: Identify the Tissues 1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

Virtual Lab Histology / Metabolic Disorders Research

Written Response #7

1. What are the general characteristics of connective tissues?

2. What are the characteristics of collagen and elastin?

3. How are loose connective tissue and adipose tissue related?

4. Explain the difference between loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

Types of Tissues - Handout

• Complete types of tissues reference tables.

Connective Tissue

• Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout

• Binds structures together

• Provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection

• Composed of more scattered cells within matrix

• Made up of a ground substance and fibers

• Most have a good blood supply

• Cells can reproduce

Types of Cells in Connective Tissue• Mast cells (prevents

clots/allergic responses)

• Macrophages (consumers)

• Fibroblasts (produce fibers)

• Main types of fibers:• Collagenous = bones,

ligaments, tendons

• Elastic = ears, vocal cords

The Matrix

• Basement membrane

• Ground substance

Categories of Connective Tissue

Loose Connective Tissue or Areolar Tissue

• Binds underlying organs to skin and to each other

• Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body

Adipose Tissue (Fat)

• Energy storage

Fibrous Connective Tissue

• Tendons connect muscles to bones

• Ligaments connect bones to bones

Cartilage

• Cartilage cells are called chondrocytes

• Cartilage is a type of “DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE”

Hyaline Cartilage

• Location: covers ends of joints, nose and respiratory passages, serves as padding

Hyaline cartilage

Elastic cartilage

• Location: External Ear and Larynx

Fibrocartilage

• Tough, shock absorbing

• Location: Between vertebrae

Bone Tissue (Osseus)

• Osteocytes – Cell of bone tissue.

• Most rigid connective tissue due to calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate between cells.

• Function: • Supports body structures.• Protects vital organs.• Attachment point for

muscles.• Rich in blood supply.

Blood Tissue

• Transports a variety of materials between interior body cells and those that exchange substances with the external environment.

• Components of blood plasma:• Red Blood Cells• White Blood Cells• Platelets

• Forms in the red marrow within the hollow parts of certain long bones.

Written Response #8

1. List the general characteristics of muscle tissues.

2. Distinguish among skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissues.

Muscle Tissue

Cardiac muscle

• Found only in the heart.

• Muscle fibers are branched and connected in complex networks.

• Involuntary muscle –controlled without thought.

Skeletal muscle

• Long, threadlike cells with light and dark cross-markings, striations, that has many nuclei located just beneath the cell membrane.

• Found in muscles that attach to bones.

• Voluntary – Can be controlled with thought.

• These cells move by contraction and shortening of the muscles.

Smooth muscle

• Cells lack striations and are shorter than skeletal muscles with a centrally located nucleus.

• Found in the walls of hollow internal organs, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels.

• Involuntary muscle

• Vocabulary:• Scaffolding• Decellularization• Matrix• Collagen• Antigens• Graft

• Written Response 9: Watch the video and define the terms above.

• Written Response 10: What is the purpose of this technology?

Written Response #9

1. Describe the general characteristics of nervous tissues.

2. Distinguish between neurons and neuroglial cells.

Nerve Tissue

• Found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

• Help to coordinate, regulate, and integrate many body functions.

Nervous tissue (spinal cord)

Lab: Tissue Identification

• Observe the different types of tissues under the microscope and make note of what they look like. We will test on these items.

Quiz: Tissue Identification