unit ii planning the future

7/31/2019 Unit II Planning the Future

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GIMNASIO VIRTUAL SAN FRANCISCO JAVIER

Valores y Tecnologa para la Formacin Integral del Ser Humano

English.

For example:-

"Look at that cloud. I think it's going to rain."

"Watch out! He's going to crash into that tree!"

You can also use going toto predict the future based upon the evidence now.

For example:-

"It looks as though Manchester United are going to win the European cup.

"I think my friend Louise is going to have a baby."

!Note

Thanks to Ken Anderson for pointing out the following:-

"I'm going to Germany." isn't really the future tense. You would have to say "I'm going to go

toGermany."

Discussing the future using shall/will

When we give information about the future or predict future events that are not certain we

usually use shall/will.

For example:-

Q) Who do you think will winthe election?" A) "I'm not sure but I think the current party will

win."


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English.

We can also use shall/will to make promises for the future.

When leaving work I would say -"Goodnight, I'll(I will) see you tomorrow."

Shall/Will is often used when we just decide to do something.

For example:-

The phone is ringing- If I decide to answer the phone I would say- "I'll(I will) get it."

It can also be used in formal situations to express planned events and is preferred in formal

written English.

For example:-

The party will startat 10.00pm.

.

Present progressive with future meaning

The present perfect simple tense is used to talk about a past time, which has very strong

meaning for the present.

Present Perfect Simple Timeline

For example:
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tenseprescontfut.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tenseprescontfut.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tenseprescontfut.htm


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English.

Q) Where's Jane?

A) She has gone out. She should be back in an hour.

We form the present perfect simple by using the auxilliary verb have/has and the -ed form of

the regular verb (the past participle)irregular verbforms have to be learned:

Statements

+

Statements

-Questions

Short answer

+

Short answer

-

I've worked. I haven't worked. Have I worked? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.

He's worked. He hasn't worked. Has he worked? Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.

She's worked. She hasn't worked. Has she worked? Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.

It's worked. It hasn't worked. Has it worked? Yes, it has. No, it hasn't.

You've worked. You haven't worked. Have you worked? Yes you have. No, you haven't.

We've worked. We haven't worked. Have we worked? Yes we have. No, we haven't.

They've worked. They haven't worked. Have they worked? Yes they have. No, they haven't.

The present perfect simple is used to discuss events that have just been completed at the

moment of speaking.

For example:

Q) Have you doneyour homework?"

A) "Yes, I'vejust finishedit."

It is often used to suggest that a past action still has an effect upon something happening in the

present.
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/VERBTEXT.htm#IrregVerbshttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/VERBTEXT.htm#IrregVerbshttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/VERBTEXT.htm#IrregVerbshttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/VERBTEXT.htm#IrregVerbs


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English.

For example:

"The pound has fallenagainst the dollar."

It is also used to discuss unfinished time.

For example:

Q) Have you done yourhomework today?

A) No, I haven't doneit yet.Note - You are talking about today and today isn't finished, so you may do your homework

later!

Q) Have you ever beento England?"

A) "Yes I have."

Note - You are talking about something that has happened in your life and your life isn't

finished!

You can also use the present perfect to discuss something from the past but you don't want tosay exactly when.

For example:

Q) "Are you learning any languages?"

A) "Yes, I've begun to learn English."

This tense is often used to discuss events that have been happening over a period of time, but

aren't finished yet.

For example:

Q) "How long haveyou studiedEnglish for?"

A) "I've studiedEnglish for 2 years now."


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English.

However it is better (grammatically speaking) to use thePresent Perfect Continuousto express

yourself in this way.

For example:

Q) "How long haveyou been studyingEnglish for?" A) "I've been studyingEnglish for2 years

now."

!Note It is always for a length of time and since a point in time.

Past progressive

The Present TensesPresent Simple

Present Simple Used to say whatsomeone usually

does

I always study English on Tuesday.

Present Progressive/Continuous

Present Progressive Used to say what

someone is doing

now

I am studying English now
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensepresperfcont.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensepresperfcont.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensepresperfcont.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensepresperfcont.htm


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English.

Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect

Simple

Used to show

unfinished time

I have studied English twice this week.

Present Perfect Progressive/Continuous

Present Perfect

Progressive

Used to say how

long someone has

been doing

something.

I have been studying English for 2 years.

I have been studying English since 1997.

The Past Tenses

Simple Past
http://www.learnenglish.de/PictureIt/tensespage.htm


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English.

Simple Past Used to show a

completed action

I studied English last Saturday.

Past Progressive/Continuous

Past Progressive Often used to say

when something

was being done or

what was

happening when

something else

happened

I was studying English last Monday when

my friend rang.

I was studying English at 5pm last

Monday.

Past Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Simple The past of have

done. Used to

say when

something was

done by.

I had done my English homework by 6.30

pm last Saturday.


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English.

I had done my English homework by the time I ate dinner last Saturday.

Past Perfect Progressive/Continuous

Past Perfect

Progressive

The past of have

been. Used to

show how long

something was

done for by a

certain time.

I'd been doing my English homework for

30 minutes when my friend rang last

Saturday.

I'd been doing my English homework for

30 minutes by 1 pm last Saturday.

The Future Tenses

The future can be indicated in several different ways in English. It is often created with the use

of auxiliaries: "She will be a student.", "She is going to drive a new car."

English can even create the future by using the simple present (used for timetables,programs

etc.), "The train arrives at 10pm" or the present progressive (used for future plans), "He is

collecting his mother from the station tonight."

Simple Future (uses will or shall or going to + base form)
http://www.learnenglish.de/PictureIt/tensespage.htm


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English.

Simple Future (Some

uncertainty)

Decide to do

something at the

time of speaking

I think I'll do my English homework tonight.

Simple Future

(Certain)

Have already

decided or

arranged to do

something

I am going to study English next Saturday.

Future Progressive/Continous (uses will be, shall be or going to be +-ing form)

Future Progressive

(Some uncertainty)

The English

lessonshouldbegin

at 7.30 and end at9.15, so the

personshouldbe

studying at 7.30

(but the lesson

might start late).

I will be starting my English lesson at 7.30 pm.


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English.

Future Progressive

(Certain)

The English

lesson begins at

7.30 and ends at

9.15, so

he'scertainto be

studying when his

friend arrives at

8.00

I am going to be studying English when my friends

arrive at 9.00 pm.

Future Perfect Simple (uses will have or shall have + past participle)

Future Perfect

Simple

Used to say

something will

already be

complete by atime.

I will have already done my English homework by

the time I eat dinner on Saturday.

Future Perfect Progressive/Continuous (uses will have been or shall have been + -ingform)

Future Perfect

Progressive

Used to say how

long something

will have been

happening in the

I will have been studying English for 30 minutes

when my friends arrive.


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English.

future by a certain

time.

Some Examples

To break

To build

To buy

To die

To drink

To drive

To eat

To grow

To make

To spend

To teach

To throw

To wear
http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/breaktense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/buildtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/buytense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/dietense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/drinktense.htmlhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/drivetense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/eattense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/growtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/maketense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/spendtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/teachtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/throwtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/weartense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/PictureIt/tensespage.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/weartense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/throwtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/teachtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/spendtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/maketense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/growtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/eattense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/drivetense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/drinktense.htmlhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/dietense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/buytense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/buildtense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/breaktense.htm


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English.

To win

Time clauses: while, when, as, as soon as

Compounds of some, any, no, every

What is a Phrasal Verb?

A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and preposition, a verb and an adverb, or a verb with

both an adverb and a preposition.

A phrasal verb has a meaning which is different from the original verb. That's what makes them

fun, but confusing. You may need to try to guess the meaning from the context, or, failing that,

look it up in a dictionary.

The adverb or preposition that follows the verb are sometimes called a particle. The particle

changes the meaning of the phrasal verb in idiomatic ways.

They are also known as compound verbs, verb-adverb combinations, verb-particle

constructions", two-part words/verbs and three-part words/verbs (depending on the number

of words).

Phrasal verbs are usually used informally in everyday speech as opposed to the more formal

Latinate verbs, such as to get together rather than to congregate, to put off rather than topostpone, or to get out rather than to exit. They should be avoided in academic writing.

!Note - Some linguists differentiate between phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs, whileothers assume them to be part of one and the same construction, as both types are phrasal in

nature. So, unless you want to become a linguist, don't worry about it.
http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/wintense.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbphrasaltext.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/Tenses/wintense.htm


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English.

Literal usage

Many verbs in English can be combined with an adverb or a preposition, a phrasal verb used in

a literal sense with a preposition is easy to understand.

"He walked acrossthe square.

Verb and adverb constructions are also easy to understand when used literally.

"She opened the shutters and looked outside." "When he heard the crash, he looked up."

An adverb in a literal phrasal verb modifies the verb it is attached to, and a preposition links the

subject to the verb.

Idiomatic usage

It is, however, the figurative or idiomatic application in everyday speech which makes phrasal

verbs so important:

"I hope you will get overyour operation quickly."

The literal meaning of to get over, in the sense of to climb over something to get to the other

side, is not relevant here. Here "get over" means "recover from" or "feel better".

Transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs also differ in their transitivity or intransitivity in the same way as normal verbs do.

A transitive verb always has an object.

For example:-
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbphrasaltext.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbphrasaltext.htm


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English.

Many people walked across the bridge.

"Across" in this sentence is the preposition to "the bridge".

An intransitive verb does not have an object.

For example:-

When I entered the room he looked up.

"Up" here is an adverb, and does not have an object.

Separable or inseparable phrasal verbs

A further way of considering phrasal verbs is whether they are separable or inseparable. In

inseparable verbs, the object comes after the particle.

For example:-

"She got onthe bus ."

"On weekdays, we look afterour grandchildren."

Separable verbs have several ways of separating verb, particle and object. Usually, the object

comes between verb and particle.

For example:-

"She looked upthe word in her dictionary."

"She lookedit up in her dictionary."

However, with some separable verbs, the object can come before or after the particle.

For example:-
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbphrasaltext.htm


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English.

"Switchthe light off."

"Switch offthe light."

"Switchit off."

!Note - There is usually no way of telling whether they are separable, inseparable,transitive or intransitive. In most cases you have to get a feel for them.

Modal Could/Couldnt

The long and the short of it

Verb conjugation and contraction - in other words; "The short form".

In spoken English we use the short form a lot. We say things like: I'm / you're / didn't etc.

instead of I am / you are / did not etc.

We also use these short forms in informal written English. When we write in the short form, we

use an apostrophe (') for the missing letter(s).

Forms of the auxiliary verbs to be, to do and to have:-

To be - Simple Present Form

Positive Statement Negative Statement

Long form Short form Long form Short form

I am I'm I am not I'm not

He is He's He is not He isn't orHe's not

She is She's She is not She isn't orShe's not

It is It's It is not It isn't orIt's not


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English.

You are You're You are notYou aren't orYou're

not

We are We're We are not We aren't orWe're not

They are They're They are not They're not

To be - Simple Past Form



I was

---

I was not I wasn't

He was He was not He wasn't

She was She was not She wasn't

It was It was not It wasn't

You were You were not You weren't

We were We were not We weren't

They were They were not They weren't

To do - Simple Present Form



I do

---

I do not I don't

He does He does not He doesn't


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English.

She does She does not She doesn't

It does It does not It doesn't

You do You do not You don't

We do We do not We don't

They do They do not They don't

To do - Simple Past Form

Positive StatementNegative

Statement

Long form Short formLong

form

Short

form

I / he / she / it / you / we / they did ---

I / he /

she / it

/ you /

we /

theydid

not

I / he /

she / it /

you / we /

theydidn't

To have - Simple Present Form



I have I've I have not I haven't orI've not

He has He's He has not He hasn't orHe's not


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English.

She has She's She has notShe hasn't orShe's

not

It has It's It has not It hasn't orIt's not

You have You've You have notYou haven't orYou've

not

We have We've We have notWe haven't orWe've

not

They have They've They have notThey

haven't orThey've not

To have - Simple Past Form



I / he / she / it / you / we /

they had

I'd

he'd

she'd

it'd

you'd

we'd

they'd

I / he / she / it / you /

we / theyhad not

I hadn't orI'd not

he hadn't orhe'd not

she hadn't orshe'd not

it hadn't orit'd not

you hadn't oryou'd not

we hadn't orwe'd not

they hadn't orthey'd not

The long and short forms of the modal verbs can, could,shall, should, must, will and would

Can
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/shortforms.htm


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English.


Long formShort

formLong form Short form


they can---

I / he / she/ it / you / we /

they cannot


theycan't

Could


Long formShort



they could---


they could not


theycouldn't

MustPositive Statement Negative Statement

Long formShort



they must---


they must not


theymustn't

Shall


Long formShort


I / he / she / it / you / we /---

I / he / she/ it / you / we / I / he / she / it / you / we /


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English.

they shall they shall not theyshan't

Should


Long formShort



they should--- I / he / she / it / you / we /

they should not

I / he / she / it / you /

we / theyshouldn't

Will




they will

I'll

He'llShe'll

It'll

You'll

We'll

They'll

I / he / she / it / you / we

/ theywill not

I won't orI'll not

He won't orHe'll notShe won't orShe'll not

It won't orIt'll not

You won't orYou'll not

We won't orWe'll not

They won't orThey'll not

Would


Long formShort



they would

I'd

He'd

She'd


theywould not

I wouldn't orI'd not

He wouldn't orHe'd

not


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English.

It'd*

You'd

We'd

They'd

She

wouldn't orShe'd

not

It wouldn't orIt'd

not*

You

wouldn't orYou'd

not

We wouldn't orWe'dnot

They

wouldn't orThey'd

not

* Not "good" English, but you will hear occasionally.

The imperative

Let Us

Let us is a funny one. The only time I've ever heard the long form of "Let us..." used is when

the vicar used to say "Let us pray." It's much more likely you'll hear or see the contracted form

"let's". "Let's do this," no "Let's do that instead," and the sarcastic "Oh yes, let's."


Long form - rarely used Shortform

Long form - used bypompous people

Short form

Let us Let's Let us not Let's not

Used to


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English.

Used to something

The use ofused to do is explained here. However, used to has another meaning, it can be

used as an adjective and we use it to talk about things that have become familiar, and are no

longer strange or new.

Used to usually comes after verbs such as be, get or become.

After a while yougetused tothe noise.

She willbecomeused to the smell.

Iwasused tothe web site.

You can also say that someone is used to doingsomething.

I'll never getused togettingup at six o'clock in the morning.

It took me a while until I wasused todrivingon the right-hand side of the

road.

'Used to' or 'use to' vs would

I was asked on Pal Talk recently how to use used to and would.

If we say something used to happen we are talking about repeated eventsand actionsin the

past, usually things that happened a long time ago and are now finished.

To express this we can use either used to or would.

When I was young Iused to playwith my dolls. = When I was young Iwould

playwith my dolls.

Of course I no longer play with dolls!

Weused to go outa lot in the summer.
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/usedtotext.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/usedtotext.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/usedtotext.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/usedtotext.htm


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English.

Implies that we no longer go out much.

If you want to talk about repeated states or habitsin the past, you must use used to, you

cannot use would : :

My dogused to barkat cats.

Iused tosmoke.

Iused to bean administrative assistant.

Iused to livein England.

You should use 'use to' without a d in sentences when it follows 'did' or 'didn't' (don't worry

too much about this because lots of people get it wrong).

The question form is Did you use to?'. When asking a closed question you put did/didn't in

front of the subject followed byuse to, you cannot use would.

Didyouuse togo out with my sister?

Didtheyuse toown the company?

Didn'tweuse togo to the same school?

Also when asking questions about states in the past you cannot use would.

What sort of thingsdidyouuse tolike when you were young?

. In the negative you cannot use would without a change in meaning.

Ididn't use toplay with my dolls.

If I said I wouldn't play with my dolls. It would mean I refused to play with my

dolls.

Wedidn't use togo out much in the winter months.

If I said we wouldn't go out much. It would mean we refused to go out much.


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English.

!Note - The general rule is when there is did or didn't in the sentence, we say use

to (without d) when there is no did or didn't in the sentence, we say used to (with d).

There is also a difference between "used to do something and to be used to something".

Would for request

Remember It

Expressing likes and dislikes

Describing people, places and things

Offering, accepting and refusing

Learn It

To Like, To Look Like, To Be Like

The questions:-

What does he like?

What does he look like?

What would he like?

What is he like?

How is he?

What is the difference between these questions?

Check here!

Like

As a verb like can mean to enjoy or approve of.
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/usedtotext2.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/usedtotext2.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/usedtotext2.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson33/Course/Lesson33.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson26/Course/Lesson26.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson32/Course/Lesson32.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson42/Like.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson42/Like.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson42/Like.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson32/Course/Lesson32.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson26/Course/Lesson26.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson33/Course/Lesson33.htmhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/usedtotext2.htm


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English.

For example:-

"Ilikeyour new car."

Like can also mean similar to or in the same way.

For example:-

Q. "What does helook like?" - A. "Helooks likehis brother."

The expression would like is used when we make requests and offers.

For example:-

"I'd like another glass of wine, please."

However "What is he/she/it like?" is a specific question about the personality of

someone or the attributes of something, here you do not use like in the answer.

For example:-

Q. "What is helike?" - A. "He is very nice."

Q. "What is itlike?" - A. "It is very reliable."

Some answers (about me):-

The questionWhat you

would askMy answer

What do you

like to drink?

I like tea and coffee, I also like wine and beer. I

don't like alcopops.


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English.

What do I like

to drink?

What do I like

to eat?

What do you

like to eat?

I like pasta and pizza, I also like fruit. I don't like

fatty meat.

What do I look

like?

What do you

look like?

I am medium height and a little overweight. I

have long dark hair, a fair complexion and hazel

eyes. Some people say that I am attractive, but I

don't think I am.

Who do I look

like?

Who do you

look like?

Some people say I look like Nana Mouskouri. I

don't think I do.

What am I

like?

What are you

like?

I think I am quite nice. My husband says that I

am impatient, but I don't think I am. I think that I

am very patient. A lot of people say that I have a

good sense of humour.

What is my

house like?

What is your

house like?

It's quite small. It has a kitchen, bathroom, living

room and two bedrooms.

!Note


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English.

Like is not normally used in the continuous form, you shouldn't say "I am liking ...".

Test It

Test what you have learnt -Enter the correct question

Practise It

On the forum - Tell me about a friend of yours.

This is a song that illustrates to be like.

Print Version - Thanks to Ali (aka GSMTG), you can print this lesson out here.

Next lesson - Lesson 43 Happy Families #1

Previous Lesson - Lesson 41 Travel and Transport
http://www.quia.com/pop/99363.htmlhttp://www.quia.com/pop/99363.htmlhttp://learnenglish.yuku.com/forums/87http://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson42/song42.htmhttp://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgpkk7zh_612gwsvfd99http://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson43/Lesson43.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson41/Lesson41.htmhttp://www.gimnasiovirtual.edu.co/http://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson41/Lesson41.htmhttp://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson43/Lesson43.htmhttp://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgpkk7zh_612gwsvfd99http://www.learn-english-online.org/Lesson42/song42.htmhttp://learnenglish.yuku.com/forums/87http://www.quia.com/pop/99363.html

unit ii planning the future

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