unit b - section 3.1 - 3.5 organ systems of the human body
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3.1 Digestive SystemTRANSCRIPT
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Organ Systems of the Human Body
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Digestive
Respiratory
Circulatory
Excretory
Nervous
The Big 5
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In order for your body to get energy the food we eat must pass through the digestive system
It is in charge of breaking down food into small enough parts to be used by cells
3.1-- Digestive System
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ITS EXPERIMENT TIME!!!
NO LAB REPORT!!!
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Take the crackers you have in front of you and chew them up well..BUT DO NOT SWALLOW THEM!!!!
Hold them in your mouth for 5 minutes….starting….
Answer the questions as you go.
A Taste of Digestion Experiment
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How did the crackers taste as you first chewed them?
Question #1
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Describe how the taste changed as you neared the 5-minute mark?
Question #2
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What do you think caused the any changes you experienced?
Question 3
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Mechanical – the physical breakdown of food into very small pieces
Chemical – breakdown of large particles into smaller particles using ENZYMES.
Types of Digestion
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The digestive system is merely a pathway where food follows long tubes with a few compartments
It starts at the mouth and finishes in the rectum
The Digestive Path
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This is the first stage of digestion that occurs in this pathway
Mechanical digestion occurs with the chewing of the food using teeth
Saliva in the mouth moistens food and adds an enzyme called salivary amylase.
#1. Mouth and Esophagus
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When your food is fully chewed your tongue pushes it to the back of your throat
Swallowing pushes the food down your throat into your esophagus
The food is pushed towards your stomach by wave-like movement called Peristalsis
They are caused by the contracting and relaxing of muscle tissue around the esophagus
Esophagus
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Deals with the arriving food with a few processes;
◦ The muscular stomach wall churns food back and forth
◦ This mixes the food with the secretions from the wall of the stomach, called GASTRIC JUICE
Stop #2 -- The Stomach
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Gastric Juice is made up of ◦ Mucus◦ Hydrochloric Acid◦ Water ◦ Digestive Enzymes
Gastric Juice
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The Hydrochloric Acid and enzymes help chemically breakdown the larger particles
The mucus helps prevent the gastric juices from digesting the stomach itself
The stomach slowly releases the food, which is now a liquid, into the small intestines
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The average length of an adult human male is about 22 feet 6 inches or 6.9 meters
In women it is 23 feet 4 inches or 7.1 meters
Fun Fact
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Chemical digestion continues in the small intestines
The PANCREAS sends in more digestive enzymes to further help the breakdown
The small intestines itself releases more enzymes to assist the pancreas
Stop #3 --Small Intestines, Pancreas, Liver and Gall Bladder
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Once the food has been broken up the small intestines absorbs as much as it can
To catch as much as possible the intestines use VILLI – finger like projections that absorb nutrients
The absorbed nutrients go directly into the blood stream
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The liver produces BILE
Bile is stored in the GALL BLADDER
The gall bladder sends bile into the small intestines to assist in more chemical digestion
Liver and Gall Bladder
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When food reaches large intestines mechanical and chemical digestion is complete
They absorb water, vitamins and minerals
Whatever is left forms into feces and is stored in the rectum
Stop #4 – Large Intestines
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