Unit 9Unit 9

Pursuit of Peace in the Middle East:Pursuit of Peace in the Middle East:

1. 1. Israel-Israel- In 1948, The UN recognized In 1948, The UN recognized Israel as an independent Israel as an independent JewishJewish state. Many Arab nations dislike Israel state. Many Arab nations dislike Israel because it took land away from the because it took land away from the Palestinians. Palestinians.

2. 2. Palestinians-Palestinians- Had long hoped for Had long hoped for independenceindependence after living for after living for decades under European authority. decades under European authority. They believe to this day that they, not They believe to this day that they, not IsraelisIsraelis, are entitled to the land that , are entitled to the land that forms modern Israel.forms modern Israel.

3. 3. Israeli-PalestinianIsraeli-Palestinian Conflict-Conflict- For over 60 For over 60 years the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict years the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict resulted in much violence. The US resulted in much violence. The US traditionally supportedtraditionally supported IsraelIsrael . Arab . Arab nations support the nations support the PalestiniansPalestinians and and consider Israel an enemy. The US and consider Israel an enemy. The US and other countries want other countries want peacepeace in the in the Middle East because it is an important Middle East because it is an important region. Many region. Many tradetrade routes are found in routes are found in the area as well as an abundance of the area as well as an abundance of oiloil. .

IsraelIsrael PalestiniansPalestinians

4. 4. CampCamp DavidDavid AccordsAccords-peace agreement -peace agreement between Israel and between Israel and EgyptEgypt,, but it did little to but it did little to end fighting between Israelis and Palestinians. end fighting between Israelis and Palestinians.

5. 5. LebanonLebanon- President - President ReaganReagan sent troops sent troops there in the ‘80’s. Reagan claimed that the there in the ‘80’s. Reagan claimed that the troops were there to establish peace after troops were there to establish peace after fighting broke out between Israelis and fighting broke out between Israelis and PalestiniansPalestinians who had fled to Lebanon. Some who had fled to Lebanon. Some Lebanese citizens welcomed the UN force. Lebanese citizens welcomed the UN force. Others saw it as foreign army sent to support Others saw it as foreign army sent to support IsraelIsrael. In October 1983, a suicide bomber . In October 1983, a suicide bomber drove a car full of explosives into a US drove a car full of explosives into a US MilitaryMilitary barracks, killing over 200 people. barracks, killing over 200 people. When US left, Lebanon was still unstable.When US left, Lebanon was still unstable.

6. 6. PersianPersian GulfGulf WarWar- lasted only - lasted only 4444 days and resulted in days and resulted in Iraq’sIraq’s withdrawal from Kuwait. The Persian withdrawal from Kuwait. The Persian Gulf War occurred because Saddam Gulf War occurred because Saddam invaded invaded KuwaitKuwait (he wanted the (he wanted the abundant supplies of oil).abundant supplies of oil).

7. 7. SaddamSaddam HusseinHussein- President of - President of IraqIraq. In . In 2003, several world leaders said he had 2003, several world leaders said he had weapons of mass destruction. The US also weapons of mass destruction. The US also claimed Saddam had ties to Al claimed Saddam had ties to Al QaedaQaeda. The . The US overthrew Saddam’s government and US overthrew Saddam’s government and helped establish a new, helped establish a new, democratic democratic Iraqi Iraqi government. The new government government. The new government eventually tried Saddam following his eventually tried Saddam following his capture and hanged him on December, capture and hanged him on December, 2006. 2006.

8. 8. WarWar onon TerrorTerror- George W. - George W. BushBush declared the War on declared the War on TerrorTerror after after terroristterrorist from the Middle East attacked the US on from the Middle East attacked the US on September 11, 2001. September 11, 2001.

9. 9. SeptemberSeptember 1111, , 20012001- - terrorists for the terrorists for the Middle East Middle East hijacked hijacked 44 US commercial airplanes. US commercial airplanes. Two of Two of the planes the planes flew into the flew into the World World TradeTrade Center towers in NYC. Center towers in NYC. The The nation watched in nation watched in horrorhorror as the as the massive towers crashed to the massive towers crashed to the

ground killing, thousands. A ground killing, thousands. A 33rdrd plane crashed into plane crashed into

the the PentagonPentagon in in Washington DC. The Washington DC. The 44thth plane plane crashed in a field in crashed in a field in PennsylvaniaPennsylvania after the passengers after the passengers revolted against revolted against the hijackers. In a the hijackers. In a single day, single day, 1000’s1000’s of of Americans died at the Americans died at the hands of hands of terrorists. Citizens were terrorists. Citizens were shocked, sad and shocked, sad and angryangry..

10. 10. AlAl QaedaQaeda- terrorist group that carried - terrorist group that carried out the out the SeptemberSeptember 11 11thth attack. attack.

11. 11. OsamaOsama binbin LadenLaden-leader of -leader of Al Al QaedaQaeda. Bush was determined to capture. . Bush was determined to capture. Bin Laden and his Bin Laden and his followersfollowers hid and hid and trained in Afghanistan. When trained in Afghanistan. When Afghanistan’s leaders would not hand Afghanistan’s leaders would not hand over the over the terroriststerrorists, President Bush , President Bush organized an international force that organized an international force that invaded the invaded the countrycountry and overthrew the and overthrew the government. Bin Laden got government. Bin Laden got awayaway. Obama . Obama says that he is probably dead. says that he is probably dead.

12. 12. IraqIraq-where President Bush and -where President Bush and several other world leaders said Hussein several other world leaders said Hussein had weapons of mass had weapons of mass destructiondestruction. The . The US invaded Iraq and overthrew US invaded Iraq and overthrew Saddam’s Saddam’s governmentgovernment. The new . The new government tired and hanged Saddam. government tired and hanged Saddam. The US faced problems, because no one The US faced problems, because no one was ever able to prove that Saddam had was ever able to prove that Saddam had ties to ties to Al Al Qaeda and the US could not Qaeda and the US could not find any find any weaponsweapons of mass destruction. of mass destruction. Many Many AmericansAmericans criticized the war and criticized the war and others defended Bush’s decision. Troops others defended Bush’s decision. Troops are still in Iraq are still in Iraq todaytoday..

13. 13. DepartmentDepartment ofof HomelandHomeland SecuritySecurity--established after 9-11 attacks. Its role is to established after 9-11 attacks. Its role is to combatcombat terrorism at home, as well as provides terrorism at home, as well as provides aid to parts of the aid to parts of the countrycountry hurt by natural hurt by natural disasters. Security measures for disasters. Security measures for airportsairports and and other public places became much other public places became much stricterstricter, , causing passengers a great deal of causing passengers a great deal of inconvenience and making air travel more inconvenience and making air travel more difficultdifficult. .

14. 14. PatriotPatriot ActAct- gives law enforcement more - gives law enforcement more power to listen in on citizens’ phone power to listen in on citizens’ phone callscalls, read , read emails, and conduct investigations without emails, and conduct investigations without warrantswarrants. At times, the government has also . At times, the government has also arrested and held suspected arrested and held suspected terroriststerrorists without without following traditional rules of following traditional rules of due processdue process. .

15. 15. CollapseCollapse ofof thethe SovietSoviet UnionUnion- happened - happened because because GorbachevGorbachev became leader, Soviet Union became leader, Soviet Union could not compete in the nuclear could not compete in the nuclear arms arms race and race and space space racerace against the US, so Gorbachev allowed for against the US, so Gorbachev allowed for more freedom and did not try to control Eastern more freedom and did not try to control Eastern EuropeEurope as much. Once the people in these as much. Once the people in these countries got a taste of countries got a taste of freedomfreedom they did not want they did not want to remain citizens under a communist government. to remain citizens under a communist government. Communist governments began to fail in the late Communist governments began to fail in the late ‘80’s and Eastern Europe countries replaced their ‘80’s and Eastern Europe countries replaced their communist governments with more communist governments with more democraticdemocratic governments (governments (GermanyGermany finally became a unified finally became a unified country once again). The collapse of the country once again). The collapse of the Soviet Soviet UnionUnion marked the end of the marked the end of the Cold WarCold War and fears and fears about communism in Europe.about communism in Europe.

16. 16. MikhailMikhail GorbachevGorbachev-became leader -became leader of Soviet Union in of Soviet Union in 19851985, made , made changes that allowed more changes that allowed more freedomfreedom and some capitalism. Eventually, this and some capitalism. Eventually, this led to the fall of the led to the fall of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union in in the early ‘90’s.the early ‘90’s.

Modern US Society:Modern US Society:

17. 17. PersonalPersonal ComputerComputer- greatly - greatly changed the world in the last changed the world in the last 3030 years. years. Nearly every household in the US has a Nearly every household in the US has a personal personal computercomputer. Today’s . Today’s computers can compute information in computers can compute information in seconds and perform countless seconds and perform countless taskstasks. . Computers allow businesses, Computers allow businesses, governments, and citizens to work governments, and citizens to work much much faster faster and produce much more and produce much more than in past decades. Televisions, than in past decades. Televisions, cell cell phones, cars, and many other devices phones, cars, and many other devices are often equipped with advanced are often equipped with advanced computerscomputers..

18. 18. InternetInternet- a communication system people - a communication system people access using their access using their computercomputer. It links homes, . It links homes, businesses, libraries, government institutions, businesses, libraries, government institutions, universities, and universities, and schoolsschools all over the world. all over the world. The Internet has changed the way students The Internet has changed the way students do do researchresearch, study, practice for tests, and go , study, practice for tests, and go to to schoolschool. Citizens use the internet to gather . Citizens use the internet to gather newsnews, shop, or exchange information. The , shop, or exchange information. The Internet has impacted politics by allowing Internet has impacted politics by allowing citizens to learn more and gather up to date citizens to learn more and gather up to date informationinformation about political issues and about political issues and candidates quickly. (New Problems- criminals candidates quickly. (New Problems- criminals often use to access people’s personal info to often use to access people’s personal info to steal money or identity)steal money or identity)

AmendmentsAmendments19. 19. 1212thth AmendmentAmendment- vote separately - vote separately

for the president and vice president. for the president and vice president. (Before this, whoever got the second (Before this, whoever got the second highest number of electoral votes for highest number of electoral votes for president became the vice president.president became the vice president.

20. 20. 1717thth AmendmentAmendment- that US senators - that US senators shall be elected directly by the citizens shall be elected directly by the citizens of each state.of each state.